There has been continued controversy on the taxonomy of Ascaris lumbricoides Linnaeus,1758 from humans and Ascaris suum Goeze,1782 from pigs.This article reviews a range of comparative studies related to host susceptibility,morphology,karyotype,immunology and biochemistry,as well as molecular genetics in recent years.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality rates around the world.Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective therapy for HCC,especially in patients who experience recurrence after surgery for liver cancer,who are complicated by liver dysfunction and unable to undergo surgical resection,and who have multiple liver tumors and undergo palliative treatment.RFA can significantly improve patients' survival time and quality of life.This article reviews the mechanism of RFA in the treatment of HCC from the aspects of direct and indirect injuries and helps to further understand the role of RFA in local and systemic treatment of HCC,which has a potential value for multidisciplinary treatment of HCC in future.

Objective:To investigate the effect of roxithromycin on airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) patients at stable phase to provide evidence for the clinical diagnosis and treatment .Methods:Totally 46 cases of outpatients with stable COPD were divided into the observation group and the control group .The control group received the conventional treatment , while the observation group was treated with roxithromycin capsules 150mg.d-1 additionally, and the treatment course was 10 months. The sputum, serum cytokines γ-IFN, IL-8 and TNF-αlevels, sputum leukocyte , neutrophil count and adverse reactions were observed and compared between the groups .Results:After the 5-month treatment, the levels of γ-IFN, IL-8 and TNF-αcytokines in serum and sputum in the observation group were significantly lower than those before the treatment (P<0.05) and in the control group (P<0.05).After the 10-month treatment, the above indices in the observation were further decreased when compared with those after the 5-month treatment (P<0.05), which were notably lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).There was only one case of ad-verse drug reactions in the observation group , and the patient was out of the study .Conclusion:Long-term use of roxithromycin at low dose can reduce cytokines in serum and sputum and inflammatory cell count in sputum in stable COPD patients , which exhibits the effect on airway inflammation to some extent .

ObjectiveTo study the effect on the proprioception after Brostr(o)m reconstruction for lateral ankle ligament in rabbit. MethodsSix-three adult New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Nine rabbits were random selected as the blank control group, these rabbits were sacrificed and the lateral ankle ligaments were taken. The rest were all cut the lateral ankle ligament. Twenty-seven rabbits were performed Brostr(o)m reconstruction as the experimental group, and the other were left the apocoptic ligament as the experimental control group. At 2, 6, and 12 weeks after operation, 9 rabbits of each experimental group were sacrificed, and the lateral ligament of ankle were taken randomly for observation. All the lateral ligaments of ankle were stained with a modification of gold-chloride method. We counted the mechanoreceptors under light microscope. ResultsWe identified the four mechanoreceptors: Ruffini receptors, Pacini receptors, Golgi tendon organ-like receptors and free nerve endings, and the first three of them were counted.The amount of mechanoreceptors in blank control group was 21.0±3.5, in experiment group at 2, 6, and 12weeks after operation were 12.7±2.1, 13.0±3.0, and 16.0±2.0 respectively, and in experiment control group was 7.7±1.5, 4.7±1.5, and 6.3±0.6 respectively. The difference among the 2, 6 and 12 weeks after operation in experiment group were statistically significant(F=7.53, P=0.00) and similarly in experiment control group (F=16.27, P=0.00), as time goes on, the amount of mechanoreceptors were increasing gradually. The difference among three group at the 2, 6 and 12 weeks after operation separately were statistically significant (F=88.75, 102.91, 122.53, P=0.00), the amount of mechanoreceptors in experiment group were more than in experiment control group, and lesser than in blank control group. ConclusionAfter rupture of the lateral ankle ligament of rabbit, whether operation or not, the ligament's mechanoreceptors will be decreased. Brostr(o)m anatomical reconstruction for the ruptured ligament can retain the maximum amount of mechanoreceptors.

This paper deals with the development of Paragonimus westermani (Kerbert, 1878) in mice inoculated with metacercariae or stunted adolescariae. In metacercaria-inoculated mice, all worms were stunted all the time, but when the stunted worms were orally transferred Into mice, some (8.4%) grew so fast that their rudimentory reproductive organs appeared and their length was over 3 times that of stunted worms 3 weeks post inoculation; while 91.6% of the recovered adolescariae were still stunted and morphologically similar to excysted metacercaiae. When the stunted worms were repeatedly transferred through mice by oral route 8.2-10.1% of the recovered worms developed quickly, while the remainder was still stunted (Table 1).After 3 transfers in mice, the stunted worms were still able to infect dogs orally and reach maturity (Table 2).On the basis of the study, it is postulated that cannibalism and preying among wild rats would enable P. westermani to be transferred among rodent paratenic hosts.

In recent years,the mode of the support and service of medical engineering in hospitals is always a focus in the community of clinic engineering. Based on the characteristics of the medical engineering support and service in hospital,we propose a creative,digitalized medical engineering support system,and introduce the workflow of the support system as well as its fundamental parts and characteristics.

[Objective]To explore the expression of OPG/OPGL protein and its significance in rat model of trauma-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH). [Methods]Thirty-two SD rats about 6 months were divided randomly into experimental and control groups.The animal model of femoral head necrosis was established in 32 SD rats by removing round ligaments of femoral head.Animals were sacrificed at 1,2,4 and 6 weeks after operation,respectively.The specimens were examined through histological observation under light microscope.The other side with sham operation served as normal control group.The comparison of fat tissue with hematopoietic tissue in the cavity of bone marrow of femoral head were performed by CMIAS computer-assisted image and statistical analysis.The percentage of empty lacuna in the femoral heads was obtained.Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of OPG/OPGL protein in ONFH.[Results]ONFH was confirmed in experimental group.The model in various stages was successfully duplicated.Compared with normal control group,the percentage of empty lacuna remarkable increase was found in experimental groups in different periods(P

Purpose:To study the feasibility of 1 H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS) in the chemical induced rat hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) model by a new 1.5T MR set and endeavor to have an initial understanding of the characteristics of its cancer development. Methods:Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced rat HCC models(n=30) were established. At different intervals rats were randomly scanned before being killed on the following day. Their livers were dissected for histopathologic study. Results:Three rats died unexpectedly. 27 rats (90%) developed liver lesions and were investigated according to the plan. T 1 WI is good for demonstration of anatomic structure and T 2 WI at showing the lesions in detail. The scanning methods have been improved gradually. 1 H-MRS results were satisfactory for 64% of the single-voxel and 50% of the multi-voxel respectively. Conclusions:DEN induced rat HCC model is suitable for the Medical Imaging studies and liver 1 H-MRS scan is practical with this new 1.5T unit.

Objective　An experimental epidemiological study was designed to investigate possible relations of pig-derived Ascaris to the transmission of human ascariasis which might be caused by cross-infection between the pig and humans. Methods　In Xinjian County, Jiangxi province, two adjacent villages, Laozhi and Panzhi, with similar baseline of ascariasis in pig and human populations were selected as the study sites with a one-year longitudinal epidemiological follow-up study. People in the two villages received mass chemotherapy. Pigs received mass chemotherapy only in Panzhi village and was twice repeated with two months interval, while pigs in Laozhi village were not treated at all. In the following year after treatment on humans, ascariasis among villagers was studied cross-sectionally five times with Kato-katz technique.Results　No significant difference of the re-infection patterns of human ascariasis was found between the two villages in terms of prevalence and intensity during the following year in all the five surveys (χ2＜0.658,F＜1.658 and P＞0.1).Conclusion　The results suggested that pig-derived Ascaris were mainly transmitted among pigs but had no important role on the transmission of human ascariasis. The results were in good accordance with the findings through a recent molecular genetic research on the local human-and pig-derived Ascaris worms. Possible confounding factors were discussed.

Objective To induce the apoptosis of human alveolar epithelial cells(A\-\{549\}) by the extraction of the second stage larvae of Ascaris lumbricoides and investigate the extraction concentration and inducing time related to the apoptosis. \ Methods\ Following to the results of Microculture Tetrazolium Test (MTT), five concentrations of the extraction of the second stage larvae were chosen to induce the apoptosis of A\-\{549\} cells. Meanwhile, control groups without the inducement were set up. For each group, observation was made at five time points since the start of inducement, to assess the existence of apoptosis and percentage of cells showing characteristics of apoptosis. HE stain and diphenylamine reaction methods were used to assess the cell apoptosis. Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA and flow cytometry were also employed to confirm the apoptosis for some groups. \{\ Results \ \}Observations indicated that the apoptosis ratio of A\-\{549\} cells induced by the extraction at different concentrations were significantly higher than that of the control cells (P