Objective To study the biological behavior of silicon nanoparticles in penetrating the blood-prostate barrier. Methods Silicon nanoparticles were prepared by means of chemical procedures.The silicon nanoparticles were added into HT1080 cells and cultured for 48 h to observe the distribution of nanoparticles in the cells.The nanosuspension at gradient concentration (0.005,0.010,0.015,0.020,0.025 ml/g)was injected into 100 mice (20 mice of each group) intraperitoneally or via tail vein to study the distribution of nanoparticles in the prostate.Additional 20 mice served as controls.The mortality and toxic reaction at 2 weeks after injection were also recorded. Results Electronic microscopy confirmed the penetration of silicon nanoparticles into HT1080 cells,the prostate gland and interstitial tissue,with intracellular ultrastructure intact.There was no significant difference in body weight,diet,defecation and activities among the 5 treatment groups and control group. Conclusions Silicon nanoparticles can overcome the obstruction of drug transportation by blood-prostate barrier or other biomembranes and thus may be promising as a drug carrier in treatment of prostate diseases.

Objective To evaluate the effects and complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the treatment of renal stone after repeated extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL).Methods Forty-four patients who had a history of repeated ESWL (treatment group) and 50 patients with-out surgical intervention (control group) were submited to PCNL,and clinical data was documented in details and analyzed.Results The time to establish access in treatment group and control group was (11.8 ± 4.1) min and (10.9 ± 2.5) min,respectively,and there was no significant difference (t =1.308,P =0.194).The time to extract stone in both groups was (92.0 ± 13.5) min and (66.6 ± 17.6) min,respectively,and there was significant difference (t =7.776,P =0.000).The operative time in treatment group was (113.9 ± 12.0) min,which was longer than that in control group with (87.6 ± 13.6) min (t =8.354,P =0.000).The clearance in both groups was 81.8％ and 94.0％,and there was no significant difference (x2 =3.361,P =0.067).The was no death or other severe complication in both groups.Conclusions The operation time in treatment group was longer than that in control group,and there was no significant difference in clearance and complication rate.Thus it was safe and effctive to perform PCNL in these patients with a history of failed repeated ESWL.

Objective To determine the diagnostic significance of detecting the specific epithelial keratin CK 20 mRNA in peripheral venous blood from patients with bladder carcinomas. Methods Reverse transcription coupled with two step polymerase chain reaction (nested RT PCR) was used to detect CK 20 mRNA expression in the peripheral blood from patients with bladder carcinomas. Results Detection of CK 20 mRNA expression was positive in 37 of 91 patients with bladder carcinoma (41%).Among 20 patients with distant metastasis,17 were positive (85%).CK 20 mRNA was not detectable in the blood samples from 25 normal individuals.The frequency of positive CK 20 mRNA expression was signficantly higher in those with distant metastasis. Conclusions The presence of CK 20 mRNA expression in peripheral blood may be used as an early indicator of hematogenous metastasis of bladder carcinoma cells.

Objective To study the elongation factor 1α(EF-1α) gene functions in prostate cancer cell line DU145 in the aspects of cell proliferation and clone formation by using the RNA interference technique. Methods DU145 cell lines were divided into control group, transfection control group transfected with scramble siRNA and experimental group transfected with EF-1α siRNA. After transfecting EF-1α siRNA into DU145 cell line, the down-regulation of EF-la expression in DU145 cell line was confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Then, the cell proliferation and clone formation assays were carried on in these 3 groups of DU145 cells. Results Compared with controls, the specific down-regulation of EF-1α expression was achieved in experimental group only. Compared with control group, after the down-regualtion of EF-1α in DU145 cell line, the cell proliferation rate decreased from day 4 to day 7 after transfection by 45. 9%, 53. 5% , 35. 3% and 38. 1% , respectively(P<0. 05). The clone formation number in experimental group decreased by 67.0% (P<0. 01). Conclusions The down-regulation of EF-1α has a negative impact on prostate cancer cell proliferation and clone formation. EF-1α might be an appropiate targeting gene in prostate cancer targeting therapy.

Objective To study the effect of down-rdgulation of EF-1 alpha gene in prostate cancer cell line DU-145 on cancer cell migration and invasion by using RNA interference technique. Methods The prostate cancer cell line DU-145 was divided into three groups: the control group (untransfected with siRNA), randomly control group (randomly transfected with siRNA) and experimental group (transfected with EF-1 alpha siRNA). Localization of EF-1 alpha and its relationship with F-actin in cytoplasm were analyzed by immunofluorescence technique. Cancer cell migration and invasion capability of DU145 cells were studied by transwell technique in these three groups. Results EF-1 alpha expression in DU145 cell line was down-regulated by using RNA interference technique. EF-1 alpha was localized in cytoplasm and co-located with F-actin. The down-regualtion of EF-1 alpha did not change the F-actin distribution in cytoplasm. The cell migration and invasion study showed that after seeding 20×104 DU145 cells into the upper chamber of transwall for 12 hours, the cells collected in the lower chambers were (10.6±1.0)×104 in control group, (11.2±0.8)×104 in randomly control group and (3.9±0.6)×104 in experimental group. Compared with controls, the cancer cell migration and invasion capability was significantly inhibited to only 37.1% (t= 13.9, P<0.05) after the specific down-regulation of EF-1 alpha expression in DU145 cells. Conclusions The down-regulation of EF-1 alpha expression has negative impacts on prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. EF-1 alpha plays important roles in prostate cancer local invasion.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the cost and efficacy between three different haemostatics in treating postoperative bleeding following suprapubic prostatectomy.METHODS:Using cost-effectiveness analysis,reptilase,aprotinin and minirin were evaluated.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:From pharmacoeconomic view,use of reptilase in treating postoperative bleeding is the best therapeutic regimen.

OBJECTIVE:To study the therapeutic efficacy of Yixinkangtai capsules(YXKT)on climacteric syndrome in males.METHODS:360cases of male climacteric syndrome randomly divided into2groups:trial group(220cases)was treated with YXKT for3wks and control group(140cases)received placebo.RESULTS:In the trial group,the rate of symptomatic improvement was74.3%.Before and after3-week treatment,blood testosterone levels were(131.51?19.12)mg/L and(253.78?21.45)mg/L;SOD levels were(1068?121.4)IU/(g?Hb)and(1178.1?132.6)IU/(g?Hb),MDA levels were(7.6?0.8)?mol/L and(5.8?0.6)?mol/L respectively,and depression score was improved as well.There were significant dif?ferences in all above-mentioned parameters between2groups.CONCLUSION:YXKT is effective and safe for treating cli?macteric syndrome in males.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bladder hydrodistention for the treatment of ketamine-associated bladder dysfunction.Methods Six patients were required to withdraw the ketamine and treated with bladder hydrodistention therapy and sodium hyaluronate irrigation,and medicine to pretect liver and kidney was also used.Results The biopsies of 6 cases demonstrated the cystitis through biopsy.Lower urinary tract symptoms such as urgency,thamuria and odynuria were significantly relieved after bladder installation within 30 days.The O'Leary-Sant ICSI scores and the ICPI scores reduced to 3.5 ± 1.6,2.8 ± 1.5 respectively.The functional bladder capacities increased to an anverage of (180 ± 28)ml,.2-3 times of nocturia,Qmax (14.4 ± 4.3) ml/s.All cases were followed up for 4 to 18 months.Symptoms disappeared or were significantly relieved in all patients.Conclusion Contracture of bladder might be the main presentation of ketamine-associated bladder dysfunction.Intravesical hydrodistention therapy and sodium hyaluronate irrigation could be the safe and effective therapy in the treatment of katamine-associated dysfunction.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intradetrusor injection of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of ketamine-related cystitis.Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 36 ketamine-related cystitis patients with intradetrusor injection of botulinum toxin type A treatment in our hospital during August 2010 to December 2015 was conducted, including 31 males and 5 females with a mean age of 25.5 years.All patients had failed to conventional treatment options including cessation of ketamine, antibiotics, M-blockers.At the time of the first injection, patients were injected with 200 U botulinum toxin type A diluted in 15 ml of 0.9％ saline into the detrusor muscle at 30 sites, sparing the trigone, under cystoscopic guidance.3-d voiding diary, interstitial cystitis symptom index (ICSI),interstitial cystitis problem index (ICPI), pelvic pain and urinary frequency/urgency symptom score (PUF) were recorded to evaluate the efficacy.The treatment-related complications were recorded.When the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A decreased and the patient's symptoms returned to baseline before treatment, the patient received repeated injections of botulinum toxin type A with the same dose and method as the first injection.Results Thirty-six patients with ketamine-related cystitis were treated with intradetrusor injection of botulinum toxin type A.Sixteen patients received two injection treatments and two patients received three injection treatments.During the follow-up, 3-d urinary diaries, ICSI, ICPI, and PUF showed a significant improvement in outcome at 4 weeks after the first injection.The efficacy of the second and third injection treatment was also remarkable.Three patients developed urinary tract infection after the first injection, and two patients developed urinary tract infection after the second injection.Mild hematuria occurred in 15 patients after the first injection, and mild hematuria occurred in 7 patients after the second injection, which was improved in 1 to 2 days.All patients did not appear acute urinary retention and other adverse drug reactions.Conclusions Intradetrusor injection of botulinum toxin type A could be a safe and effective method for the treatment of ketamine-related cystitis.Repeated injection therapy is still safe and effective.

Objective To explore the value of retinoblastoma binding protein 4 ( RBBP4 ) in diagnosing prostate cancer ( PCa).Methods From January 2015 to December 2015, the prostate tissue after prostatectomy were collected and the differentially expressed degree of RBBP4 protein was analyzed in PCa and adjacent tissues by 2D-DIGE technology.The RBBP4 score of prostate tissue chip which contains 3 normal prostate tissues, 7 cancer adjacent normal prostate tissues, 50 adenocarcinoma and 20 hyperplasia tissue was checked by immunohistochemistry( IHC).In 50 patients with PCa, 4 cases were less than 60 years old and 46 cases were more than 60 years.In those patients, the Gleason scores were less than 7 scores in 18 cases, and more than 7 scores in 30 cases.22 cases were confirmed less than Ⅱ stage, and 28 cases were confirmed more than Ⅲ stage.Finally, the RBBP4 IHC score and the clinic-pathological parameters such as age, Gleason score and clinical stage of PCa patients were analyzed together.Results We found that the protein of RBBP4 increased by 2.15 times in PCa tissues compared to adjacent tissues by using 2D-DIGE technology( P=0.008).The expression of RBBP4 was higher than that in benign tissues by IHC ( F=43.972,P=0.000).And the expression of RBBP4 was positive correlation with Gleason score( t=5.589, P=0.000) and clinical stage(t=5.620,P=0.000), but was negative correlation with age(t=1.125,P=0.266).Conclusions The detection of RBBP4 can help to separate PCa from benign tissues.The overexpression of RBBP4 might result in the rapid growth of malignant cells.It may have certain value in determine the clinical staging and pathological grading of PCa.