BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence can be divided into stress, urgent and mixed types, they can not be easily distinguished only basing on clinical experience, which often result in misdiagnose or improper treatment OBJECTIVE: To discuss the value of urodynamical inspection, especially stress leak point pressure (SLPP) determination in the diagnose of female stress urinary incontinence.DESIGN: Retrospective paralleled comparison observation.SETTING: Center of General Urology Department, Southern Hospital,Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA PARTICIPANTS: Totally 120 female patients who received medical treatment in the uropoiesis surgical department of the Southwest hospital due to urinary incontinence between January 1996 and May 2002 were enrolled in this experiment.gle was determined and considered as normal if it was ＜100° and abnormal if ＞ 100°. Urethral tilt angle is judged as normal if ＜ 45° and abnormal if ＞45°; Urethrovesical junction (when static state) was judged as normal if not tion: including fulling urinary bladder pressure measurement, static urethral Cystourethrography classification standard: type Ⅰ refers to posterior urethrovesical angle vanished with urethral tilt angle＜45° and the biggest urethra closure pressure＞20 cmH2O; type Ⅱ: refers to posterior urethrovesical angle vanished with urethral tilt angle＞45° and the biggest urethra closure pressure＜20 cmH2O; type Ⅲ refers to normal posterior urethrovesical angle with urethral tilt angle＜45° and the biggest urethra closure pressure ＞20 cmH2O. SLPP classification standard: typeⅠ: SLPP ＞120 cmH2O; type Ⅱ: SLPP of 90- 120 cmH2O; type Ⅲ: SLPP ＜ 60 cmH2O;type Ⅱ/Ⅲ: SLPP of 60 - 90 cmH2O.compared with that of cystourethrographic classification.RESETS: Totally120 patients all remained in the final result analysis.stress urinary incontinence, 64 cases as symptomatic stress urinary incontinence including 28 cases of unstable bladder and 36 cases of low compliclassification: of the 56 genuine stress urinary incontinence, 20 cases were diagnosed as type Ⅰ; 16 cases as type Ⅱ and 10 cases as type Ⅱ/Ⅲ; 10cases as type Ⅲ. Two classification was proved of 100% consistency in type Ⅰ and Ⅲ, and 94.1% and 90.1% in type Ⅱ and type Ⅱ/Ⅲ respectively, difference was not remarkable (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: SLPP determination can be used to make accurate classification of female genuine stress urinary incontinence, possessing important instructive significance for the treatment.

Objective To explore the distribution of the nociceptive neurons that received inputs from the prostate, bladder, and pelvic floor in the spinal cord. Methods Substance P expression within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord was determined by in situ hybridization after formalin irritation of the prostate, bladder, and superficial muscle of the pelvic floor. Results Formalin irritation of the prostate, bladder, and pelvic floor resulted in similar substance P expression within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (L_6 to S_1). Conclusion There should be significant overlaps of nociceptive neurons within the spinal cord, which receive nociceptive inputs from the prostate, bladder, and pelvic floor. Pathological changes of the prostate, bladder, and pelvic floor could result in similar pain sensations.

Objective To investigate the value of urodynamic parameters in diagnosing female bladder outlet obstruction.Methods By follow-up investigation,36 out of 54 patients who underwent transurethral vesical neck incision for female bladder outlet obstruction(FBOO)were proven to achieve good therapeutic efficacy,so the clinical diagnosis as FBOO made before treatment was regarded as correct,as FBOO group.Anther 29 asymptomatic healthy female subjects were selected as controls.ROC curve was used to analyze the urodynamic parameters.Results The area under curve,cutoff for diagnosis and their sensitivity and specificity of the parameters were as follows:Q_ max:AUC=0.823,Q_ max≤15 ml/s(SEN=87%,SPE=81%);PdetQ_ max:AUC=0.826,PdetQ_ max≥28.5 cmH_ 2O(SEN=76%,SPE=72%);A-G value:AUC=0.922,A-G value≥1.1(SEN=86%,SPE=86%).Conclusion When Q_ max≤15 ml/s,PdetQ_ max≥28.5 cmH_ 2O and A-G value≥1.1,FBOO is likely to occur in female.

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of resiniferatoxin(RTX)on prostatic pain from chronic prostatitis.Methods Complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA)was injected into rat bilateral ventral prostate to form chronic prostatic inflammation in 15 male SD rats.Two weeks later,RTX was injected into lumbosacral vertebral canal(n=5)or bilateral ventral prostate(n=5).Another 5 SD rats served as normal control.Neuropeptide level and the mRNA expression of substance P(SP)and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)in lumbosacral spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia(DRG)were measured by immunohistochemistry,radioimmunoassay,and RT-PCR.Results SP and CGRP level and their mRNA expression increased significantly in rat with prostatitis.Neuropeptide level and their mRNA expression were decreased after RTX was injected into vertebral canal and prostate.Conclusion Local injection of RTX can effectively inhibit synthesis and release of SP and CGRP,suggesting that RTX may be helpful to the analgesic therapy of chronic prostatitis.

Objective To investigate the effects of MEK1 specific inhibitor PD98059 on oxaliplatin-treated colorectal cancer cells and the potential mechanism. Methods Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay after transfecting MEK1 active plasmid into LoVo cells. LoVo cells were treated with oxaliplatin or PD98059, and the proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. PUMA expression and ERK activity were determined by Western blot. Apoptosis was assessed by Hoechst 33258 dye after PUMA expression was suppressed. Results Increasing activity of ERK enhanced the proliferation of LoVo cells. The activity of ERK was suppressed by oxaliplatin. PD98059 and oxaliplatin decreased the proliferation rate of LoVo cells synergistically. PUMA expression increased after PD98059 and oxaliplatin treatment. The suppression of PUMA expression by stably transfecting PUMA anti-sense vector decreased apoptosis induced by oxaliplatin and PD98059. Conclusion PD98059 enhances the effects of oxaliplatin on colorectal cancer cells mediated by PUMA expression.

Objective To identify the expression of gene HSPC011(HSPC,hematopoietic stem/pro-genitor cell)in the dermal papilla cells of hair follicle and clone its cDNA.Methods The expression of gene HSPC011was confirmed by intracellular mRNA hybridization in situ;the objective cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR(reverse transcription PCR).Results By in situ hybridization,it was shown that gene HSPC011expressed in the coagulated dermal papilla cells,but not in the non-coagulated dermal papilla cells and the dermal fibroblast;The objective cDNA with a fragment of430bp was amplified by RT-PCR,and a recombi-nant eukaryotic expressing plasmid pCI-neo/HSPC011was constructed.By enzyme cutting and sequencing analysis,the objective cDNA was completely identical with gene HSPC011.Conclusion Gene HSPC011was clearly shown to express in the dermal papilla cells,and the expression of HSPC011was possibly related with the differentiation and functional status of the dermal papilla cells.

Objective To identify the relationship between expression of hematopoeitic stem/progenitor cell(HSPC)-related gene HSPC016 and aggregative behavior of the dermal papilla cells of hair follicles. Methods The aggregated human dermal papilla cells, non-aggregated human dermal papilla cells and the human dermal fibroblasts were used in this study. Expression of HSPC016 mRNA was investigated in the three cell groups by intracellular mRNA hybridization in situ and RT-PCR. Results By in situ hybridization, it was shown that gene HSPC016 specifically expressed in the aggregated dermal papilla cells, but not in the non-aggregated human dermal papilla cells and human dermal fibroblasts. A 200bp fragment of target cDNA was amplified from RNAs of the aggregated human dermal papilla cells by RT-PCR, but could not from RNAs of other two cell lines. Conclusions Gene HSPC016 was specifically expressed in the aggregated dermal papilla cells, and expression of HSPC016 might be related to the differentiation and functions of dermal papilla cells.

Objective To investigate the distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) —the pacemaker cells of the gut in the different parts of guinea pig pyeloureteral tract and explore the effect on the contraction of smooth muscle. Methods The ureteropelvic junction, upper ureteral, middle ureteral, lower ureteral tissues harvested from 10 guinea pigs were performed KIT immunofluorescent staining in stretched preparations. Smooth muscle strips of 2 mm?6 mm were dissected from the sites for tone determination. The frequency and amplitude of the smooth muscle were compared among different sites of pyeloureteral tract. Results Cells with positive staining by KIT and with similar morphology to ICCs were found in the entire pyeloureteral tract of guinea pigs. The density of ICCs-like cells in the ureteropelvic junction, upper ureteral, middle ureteral, and lower ureteral tissues were (5.20?0.98), (3.90?0.98), (3.03?0.98) and (2.50?0.81) respectively. The contraction of strips in different sites varied according to the distribution of ICCs. The amplitude and frequency of strips from the ureteropelvic junction and upper ureteral were significantly higher than those from middle ureteral and lower ureteral (P

BACKGROUND: Muscarine receptor plays a key role in adjusting contraction of detrusor muscle cell, and M3R, isoforms of its receptor, can mediate contraction of detrusor muscle cell directly. Ca2+ is the direct factor in stimulating contraction of detrusor muscle cell. Of several 10 kinds of Ca2+conjugable receptors protein, Ca2+ conjugated with different receptor proteins can adjust various reactions.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Ca2+-calmodulin (Ca2+-CaM) on contraction of M3R-mediated detrusor muscle cell.DESIGN: Compared observation .on the basis of detrusor muscle cell.SETTING: Ourological Center of Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at Central Laboratory of Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. Healthy Wistar rats were selected in this study.METHODS: The primary cultured detrusor muscle cells were divided into experimental group and control group. Cells were inoculated in 6-well plate, and 10-4 mmol/L carbachol and M2R antagonist were added to cells of the experimental group during 70% confluence to block M3R and M2R respectively. Ca2+ concentration and CaM activity were detected by Ca2+ test kit and CaM test kit respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes of [Ca2+]I concentration and CaM activity of cells in both groups.RESULTS: The mean channel fluorescence values (log) of [Ca2+]I and CaM were higher in the experimental group than those in the control group(3.26±0.38, 2.06±0.12; 2.87±0.34, 2.14±0.24, P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Results in this study suggest that Ca2+-CaM participates in adjusting contraction of M3R-mediated detrusor muscle cells through signal transduction.

Objective To investigate the presences of regulatory T cells (Treg) and natural killer T cell (NKT)-like T cells in the peripheral blood of healthy subjects and patients with newly diagnosed cancer. Methods Patients were enrolled into four groups: healthy subjects (Group A), patients without cancer (Group B), patients with newly diagnosed stage Ⅰ~Ⅱ cancer (Group C), and patients with newly diagnosed stage Ⅲ~Ⅳ cancer (Group D). Flow cytometry was performed to detect the percentage of CD4+ CD25high CD127low cells in CD4+ T lymphocytes (Treg) and the percentage of CD3+ CD56+ cells in CD3+ T lymphocytes (NKT-like). Results The percentage of Treg cells in CD4+T lymphocytes was(6.72 ± 3.16)%, (6.49 ± 2.83)%,(6.80 ± 3.07)%and (7.63 3.47)% in Group A, B, C and D, respectively, with no significant differences among these groups (P>0.05). However, the percentage of CD3+CD56+T cells in CD3+T lymphocytes was (3.13 ± 1.66)%, (2.56 ± 1.27)%,(7.22 ± 2.70)% and (7.72 ± 3.10)% in Group A, B, C and D, respectively, with marked increases in Group C and D compared to those in Group A and B (P < 0.05). Conclusion Patients with newly diagnosed cancer demonstrated increasing trends in the percentage of peripheral NKT-like cells.