Objective　To investigate the protective effects of alcoholic extracts of Ganoderma lucidum (GL) and its combination with Rad ix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RSM), Radix Bupleuri (RB), and Fructus Schisandrae Chi nensis (FSC) respectively on experimental hepatic injuries. Methods　Hepatic injury models were established with the injections of carbon tetrac hloride (CCl4) or D-galactosamine(D-GlaN) into mouse, and then the therapeut ic agents at same dose were given respectively. The activity of cholinesterase(C hE) and alaline aminotransferase(ALT) in the serum and hepatic homogenate, the c ontents of malonyl dialdehyde (MDA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and reduced glut athione (GSH) in hepatic homogenate from all mouse were determined. The morpholo gic changes of the livers were also observed with VG staining. Results 　In CCl4 treated mice, serum ALT activity was increased markedly wh ile ChE acti vity decreased significantly. GL and GL+RB, GL +FSC could relieve these changes ; GL combined with all other agents could inhibit the GSH accumulation, but only GL+FSC had a suppressive effect on MDA increase and made it return to normal. For D-GlaN treated mice, all agent groups had little effect on the activity of ChE; Only GL dramatically reduced the increased activity of ALT; GL +RSM could e liminate the GSH, but not significant; GL and all GL combinations could decrease the increased MDA (P<0.01). Pathological observation showed that hepatocyte damage in GL group and GL+FSC group incline d to recover. Conclusion　The results indicate that Ganoderma lucidum is an effective agent against hepatic injuries, especially combined wi th F ructus Schisandrae Chinensis, which may be associated with its anti-hepatocyte oxidation.

Objective: To investigate effects of Wuling Pills and Capsules on immunological liver injury in mice. Methods: The rat liver fibrosis model was induced by carbon tetrachloride. The hydroxyproline (HYP) level in serum was measured by chemical method. The precollagen Ⅰ(PCⅠ) and Ⅲ(PCⅢ) levels in serum and hepatic homogenate were measured by radioimmunoassay. The expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and fibronectin (FN) in liver tissue were detected by histochemistry method. Moreover, the hepatic histomrphology was observed by HE staining. Results: Both of Wuling Pills and Wuling Capsules could greatly decrease PCⅠ, PCⅢ and HYP levels. The FN expression of liver tissue in Wuling Capsule group was obviously lower than that of the model group. The TNF and FN in liver tissues of rats in the Wuling Pill group and Capsule group showed strong positive. Proliferative kupffer cells and activated endothelial cells were also observed in those two groups. Conclusion: Wuling Capsules has the effect of anti liver fibrosis. Both of Wuling Pills and Capsules can stabilize hepatocyte membrane, and prevent liver cells from the effect of TNF and FN.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of osmometer in the osmolarity measurement of pirenoxinun sodi-um eye drops. Methods:An osmometer was used to measure the osmolarity of pirenoxinun sodium eye drops, and the stability of the osmolality was studied. Results:The osmolarity of pirenoxinun sodium eye drops with different formula conformed to the requirement of ophthalmic preparations. The osmolality showed no significant change at the ambient temperature, indicating the stability of the prepa-ration. Conclusion:The method is simple, rapid and practical, which can be used as the osmolarity measurement method for pirenoxi-nun sodium eye drops.

AIM: To observe the influence of Jiaomu oil A2 on eosinophil manifold and CD34+ with marrow granule system mobilization in bronchial asthma mice.METHODS: The asthmatic mouse model was established by sensitization and challenge of the animals with 20% Al(OH)3+10% ovalbumen(OVA).After the mice were excitated for 10 d and giving medical therapy at the same time,the mice were executed,the bronchial-alveolar lavage inflammatory cells and the hemocytopoiesis cells were examined using Wrish-Giemsa staining.The expressions of interleukin-5(IL-5) and eotaxin(EON) in lung tissue and marrow were examined by in situ hybridization.The expression of IL-5 and EON albumen in lung tissue and marrow were detected by immunohistochemistry.The inflammatory cell infiltration and CD34+ cells in lung tissue were also observed by HE and immunofluorescence staining.RESULTS: Both Jiaomu oil A2 and prednisone significantly attenuated the pathological process degree of bronchial inflammatory reaction such as tissue swelling,reconstruction,hyperplasia,and epithelial cell shedding,and inhibited eosinophil count and infiltration caused by stimulation of allergic effect.Moreover,the two drugs markedly lessen the eosinophil density in tracheal surrounding tissue and marrow in asthma mice and depressed the differentiation of marrow myelocyte to eosinophil.Finally,the apparent decrement of CD34+IL-5,CD34+IL-5R,CD34+CCR-3 cells in bronchial tissue and marrow showed some relationship with the downregulation of IL-5,IL-4,GM-CSF in lung tissue.CONCLUSION: The effect of Jiaomu oil on airway inflammation in asthma mice is associated with inhibiting the mobilization of eosinophil and marrow granule system.

AIM: To investigate the dynamic influence of zanthoxylum seed oilA2(ZSOA2) on NF-?B signaling pathway and inflammatory factor in pulmonary tissue of asthmatic mice.METHODS: The suspensoid(0.2 mL containing 20% albumin hydroxide and 10% ovalbumin) was administered by intraperitoneal injection to sensitize the BALB/c mice on day 1,then 0.4% ovalbumin solution(50 ?L in phosphate buffer fluid) was dripped into the respiratory tract through nasal cavity to establish the asthmatic mouse model.After dripped ovalbumin for 24 h,48 h,3 d,7 d and 14 d,the mice were killed at specified time points.The contents of interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-5(IL-5) and interferon-?(IFN-?) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were determined by ELISA.The pathological changes of the lung tissues were observed with HE staining.The inflammatory cell counts were conducted by Eosin staining.The protein levels of adhesion molecule and the molecules of NF-?B signaling pathway in lung tissues were determined by Western blotting.RESULTS: In ZSOA2 treated mice,the pathological injury of the lung was significantly attenuated as compared to the model mice,the counts of eosinophils and lymphocytes were reduced obviously in lung bronchial area of asthmatic mice at all observed time points(P

AIM:To investigate the effect of hepatic oval cells (HOCs) on the protein expression of TGF-?/Smad signaling pathway in the liver tissue of hepatic fibrosis rats.METHODS:The SD rat models of liver fibrosis were made by treating with carbon tetrachloride and combined factors.The HOCs was isolated from the model rats.HOCs suspension (0.5 mL at a density of 1 ? 1012cells/L) were transplanted via portal vein into the hepatic fibrosis rats at 8th week and observed continuously for 30 days.Meanwhile,WuLing capsules were used for positive control.The blood samples were collected through trail vein at 8th day,15th day,23th day and 30th day after transplantation of HOCs.The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alamine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum were determined by enzyme method.The morphological changes of hepatic tissues were observed under microscope with HE and Musson staining.The protein levels of collagen type I (Col-Ⅰ),extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase (ERK),phosphory-lation extracellular regulatedprotein kinases (p-ERK),TGF-? receptor type Ⅰ (T?RⅠ),TGF-? receptor type Ⅱ (T?RⅡ),mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 /3 (Smad 2 /3) and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad 7) were assessed in liver tissues by Western blotting.RESULTS:In HOCs and WuLing capsules treated groups,the levels of ALT and AST decreased significantly at 15th day,23th day and 30th day after the transplantation of HOC.The damage degree of hepatic fiber hyperplasia of the liver histological structure reduced notably.The expression levels of Col-Ⅰ,ERK,p-ERK,T?RⅠ and T?RⅡ in liver tissues of hepatic fibrosis rats were down-regulated obviously while the expression of Smad 7 increased significantly.CONCLUSION:The implantation of HOCs prevents the progress of liver fibrosis in rats.The mechanism of action is to inhibit the protein expression of p-ERK,T?RⅠ,T?R Ⅱ for TGF-?/Smad signaling pathway of liver tissue.

Objective To study the clinical,laboratory,imaging characteristics and surgical outcomes of Brucellar spondylitis.Methods The clinical,laboratory,imaging characteristics and surgical outcomes of 27 patients with Brucella spondylitis were analyzed in our department from September 2000 to December 2010.There were 18 males and 9 females,aged from 23 to 57 years(average,32.8 years ).There were 3 cases in cervical vertebra,8 cases in thoracolumbar vertebra,16 cases in lumbosacral vertebra respectively.Before admission,17 patients were misdiagnosed as tuberculosis,2 ones were as postoperative change of lumbar disc herniation.Eight patients underwent posterior debridement,autologous bone grafting and instrumentation,19 cases were treated with anterior debridement,autologous bone grafting and instrumentation.Streptomycin was placed in localized lesions for 24 patients,except for 3 cases whose streptomycin skin test positive.External fixation brace were used for 4 to 6 weeks,oral medication was used for a half month to 3 months.Clinical evaluation included clinical cure rate,pain visual analog scale (VAS) and the fusion rate.Results All of 27 patients were followed up for an average of 19.7 months (range,6 to 48 months).According to evaluation standard for Brucella spondylitis,24 patients were cured,3 patients got improvement.Three patients underwent the second operation owing to wound infection and sinus formation.Conclusion The pain of spine with intermittent fever,the imaging features as well as positive serum agglutination test can confirm the diagnosis of Brucellar spondylitis.Operation should be considered in patients with persistent pain and neurologic disorders as well as systemic symptoms.Instrumentation is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with spinal brucellosis following debridement,autogenous bone grafting,combined with antibiotic therapy.

Objective To summarize the author' s clinical experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of urachal carcinoma.Methods Thirteen cases with urachal carcinoma from 1990-2011 at Beijing Friendship Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.Results The most common complaint was hematuria;B ultrasonic or CT scan demonstrated a parenchyma or vesica between the bladder dome and abdominal wall.Nine patients underwent extensive pattical excision of the bladder,3 paitents underwent radical resection,and 4 patients received comprihensive chemotherapy.The five-year survival rate was 30.7％.Conclusion Extensive partial excision of the bladder is recommended for urachal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the way to realizing clinical pharmacists’prescribing rights,and to provide reference for the revise of related policies and regulations. METHODS:The clinical pharmacists prescribing rights and its necessity were inter-preted. Referring to pharmacists’prescribing rights in Canadian limited prescription mode,British dispensatory mode,United States consultative prescription mode,clinical pharmacists’prescribing rights in China were expounded. RESULTS & CONCLU-SIONS:It is necessary and feasible to achieve clinical pharmacists’prescribing rights in China. Clinical pharmacists’prescribing rights can be realized and the pharmaceutical role of clinical pharmacists can be played through conducting clinical pharmacist pre-scription training,establishing chronic disease,common disease,mild disease and other disease dispensatory,gradually revising the concept of“prescription”and“prescribing rights”,promoting the legislation of pharmacists and clinical pharmacists’prescrib-ing rights,promoting the realization of the prescription right of clinical pharmacist,prompting clinical pharmacist to play the role of pharmacy.

Objective To measure the organ weights , blood physiological and biochemical parameters , and immune cells of BALB/cA-nu mice .Methods BALB/cA-nu mice at five and ten weeks of age were selected , and the organ weights , blood physiological and biochemical parameters were observed .The percentages of CD 3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, B220+, NK1.1+, and CD11b+were detected by FCM in BALB/cA-nu mice at six weeks of age in terms of its T, B lymphocyte cells and NK cell activity .Results At the same age, the weights of the body , liver, and kidney in male mice are significantly higher than females .The HGB、MCH、HCT in male mice are significantly higher than females (P <0.05).The weights of the lung, liver, and kidney, and the parameters of TP、GLOB、CHO、TBIL、UN are significantly lower at five weeks of age comparing with ten weeks (P <0.05).The BALB/cA-nu mice lacks T cells(0.18 ±0.06)%、CD4+T cells(0.26 ±0.08)%、CD8+T cells(0.13 ±0.04)%、The percentage of B cells is CD19+B cells (30.10 ±2.74)% and B220 +B cells(30.55 ±2.77)%.The percentage of NK cells is (1.35 ±0.29)%, and the percentage of granulocytes is (47.90 ±5.48)%.The BALB/cA-nu mice lack T cells and the group of cells .Conclusion The study suggests that the organ weights , blood physiological and biochemical parameters are affected by age and gender in BALB/cA-nu mice that lack T cells immune function .The studied parameters of BALB/cA-nu mice are similar with the same strain in other countries .