The main content of the 2019 Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America Scientific Session is summarized, and the main conclusions are presented as follows: Muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinases antibody positive myasthenia gravis (MuSK-MG) is still the research hot spot in MG research fields, including the clinical researches, the clinical pharmaceutical researches and the fundamental experiment researches. Thymectomy shows safety and effectiveness for acetycholine receptor antibody positive MG (AChR-MG). However, thymectomy needs further discussion about the safety and effectiveness for other types of MG. AChR-MG patients with or without thymoma can benefit from thymectomy. Now there are still no special effective drugs to cure MG, and monoclonal antibody drugs are the hopes for MG patients. With the emergence of different kinds of monoclonal antibodies, MG will be more likely to be conquered. More attention has been paid to the role of B cells′ origin and apoptosis abnormality in the pathogenesis of MG in MG researches.

Objective:To clone the outer membrane protein hopX gene of Helicobacter pylori(Hp)and to perform sequencing and analysis of biological information.Methods:Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to amplify the hopX gene from Hp chromosomal DNA.Then the target gene was digested by restricted endonuclease enzyme of BamH I,and inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pQE30 digested by corresponding restricted endonuclease enzyme.The recombinant vector was used to select and transform for nucleotide sequence analysis.The biological property at the amino acid level was analyzed by Omiga 2.0 and Antheprot v 5.0.The transformant colony was induced with IPTG and the fusion protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.Results:The recombinant plasmid was constructed.DNA sequence analysis showed the sequence of hopX was 1 284 bp.The homology of the strains in nucleotide acid was 96%～97%.Their homogeneity in the amino acids was 97%～99%.We get a GeneBank accession number EF208122.Omiga 2.0 software predicted its relative molecular mass(Mr.)was 47 kD and possessed good antigencity.The expressed product contained about 37% of total somatic proteins and Western blot method showed good antigenicity of the recombinant protein.Conclusion:A confirmed gene hopX has been obtained,providing a good foundation for recombination,expression and related study.The corresponding peptide of the gene performed the structural characteristics of some typical antigen molecules,which suggest that it might be a novel vaccine candidate.

Objective To summarize the author' s clinical experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of urachal carcinoma.Methods Thirteen cases with urachal carcinoma from 1990-2011 at Beijing Friendship Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.Results The most common complaint was hematuria;B ultrasonic or CT scan demonstrated a parenchyma or vesica between the bladder dome and abdominal wall.Nine patients underwent extensive pattical excision of the bladder,3 paitents underwent radical resection,and 4 patients received comprihensive chemotherapy.The five-year survival rate was 30.7％.Conclusion Extensive partial excision of the bladder is recommended for urachal carcinoma.

In order to explore the scientific connotation of "Fangzhengduiying (formula corresponding to pattern types)", "Qiyinliangxuzheng (Qi and Yin deficiency pattern)" of myocardial ischemia rat model and GC-TOF/MS based metabonomic method were used for comparing the effects of Sheng-mai injection, Salvia injection and propranolol in the present study. After data processing and pattern recognition, Sheng-mai injection showed better efficacy than the other two drugs in accordance with not only visual observation from PLS-DA scores plots but also the number of abnormal endogenous compounds restored to the normal level. Further studies showed that Sheng-mai injection could normalize the level of plasma endothelin-1, the index related to cardiovascular diseases and sleep disorders, which verified the results of metabonomics. Finally, the regulated metabolites and related metabolic pathways were analyzed, and it was supposed that the effects of Sheng-mai injection involved in the alternation of energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acids metabolism, and so on. These findings provided scientific evidence to Shengmai "Fang" used for "Qi and Yin deficiency pattern" correspondingly, indicating that metabonomics has great potential in traditional Chinese medical research, which provides a novel approach and way to modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.

BACKGROUND: The proximal tibia is the second common site for primary bony sarcomas,which lacks adequate soft tissue coverage.Resection and reconstruction by any technique leave the reconstructed area in a subcutaneous position.This has been a major source of necrosis of skin and infections.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of gastrocnemius muscle transfer to obtain soft-tissue coverage and extensor mechanism reconstruction for limb-sparing resection of the proximal tibia with endoprosthetic reconstruction.METHODS: From January 2001 to June 2008,27 patients with osteosarcoma of the proximal tibia confirmed by biopsy were selected.All the tumours were assigned to stage IIB based on Enneking's classical staging system.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy(Bacci,IOR/OS-N4)was utilized for the patients.All the patients adopted limb-sparing surgery,i.e.resection of proximal tibia with endoprosthetic reconstruction.A gastrocnemius flap was utilized to improve implant coverage and enhance the patellar tendon repair.MSTS was used to measure the functional status of patients with a sarcoma in the leg.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The follow-up was averagely 53.1 months.Of 27 patients,2 cases(7%)died of lung metastasis within 2 years,1(4%)suffered from amputation due to infection and underwent amputation.The others developed no complications or recurrence.The MSTS score was averagely 25.1 points.Results show that resection with endoprosthetic reconstruction utilizing a gastrocnemius muscle flap for osteosarcoma of the proximal tibia is reliable and predictable in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Objective To investigate the surgical technique,postoperative function and dislocation incidence of proximal humerus reconstruction with metallic endoprostheses and polypropylene knitted nonabsorbable mesh after proximal humeral tumor resection.Methods Twenty patients with proximal humeral tumor were retrospectively reviewed.They were performed proximal humerus reconstruction with proximal humeral prosthesis and polypropylene knitted non-absorbable mesh from February 2006 to January 2009.There were 5 women and 7 men with a mean age of 38 years(range,21-55 years)at the time of surgery,and giant cell tumor in 9 patients(including Campanacci Ⅱ for 3,Campanacci Ⅲ for 6),osteosarcoma in 1(Enneking ⅡB).and chondrosarcoma in 2 (Enneking ⅡA).The operative time,blood loss,and shoulder movement postoperation were analysed.According to the assessment system by MSTS,the function of limb after surgery was assessed.Results Patients were followed clinically and radiographically for a minimum of 24 months (mean,35 months;range,24-52 months).The mean operative time was 172 min(range,150-200min).The mean blood loss was 254 ml (range,150-500 ml).There were no shoulder dislocations at final follow-up.The mean shoulder flexion was 41°(range,20°-60°)and mean shoulder abduction was 42°(range,20°-70°).The mean postoperative functional assessment score of the limb was 66%(range,53%-77%).None of the Datients had a wound infection,traction neuropraxia or died after the surgical procedure.Conclnsion The data suggests that the use of a polypropylene knitted non-absorbable mesh for proximal humerus reconstruction may reduce dislocations and facilitate soft tissue attachment after tumor resection.

The authors introduced the hotspots and forefront of 2018 Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America′s Scientific Session, including the research forefront and trend of the following:International research hotspots in the myasthenia gravis (MG) had been changed from the most common acetylcholine receptor antibody positive MG (AChR?MG) into other subtypes, particularly muscle specific tyrosine kinase receptor antibody positive MG; The efficacy of thymectomy was effective in the whole AChR?MG group, but not in other MG subgroups; Existing drugs in MG treatment can not achieve the expected effect, so endless new drug development had become a hot field of MG research; In terms of basic research, more attention had been paid to exploring the specific mechanisms involved in MG pathogenesis, including the study of antigen specific B cells and even antigen specific T cells.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the expression of procollagen gene in fracture callus, and to search for the technique of in situ hybridization for undecalcified skeletal tissue. METHODS: In situ hybridization of procollagen gene expression was performed on the undecalcified cryosections of rat fracture callus at 7, 14, and 28 d. RESULTS: The hybridization signals achieved were clear and easy to be localized with high specificity. On the 7th day, the expressions of pro alpha1 (III) in fibroblasts and some chondrocyte-like cells were dominant; and at the end of second week high expression of type-II procollagen mRNA was observed in chondrocytes. At the end of fourth week, the cartilaginous callus was almost all replaced by woven bone tissue, and some type-I procollagen mRNA positive osteoblasts and hypertrophic chondrocytes were found scattering in the woven bone and remnants of cartilaginous callus. CONCLUSIONS: The modified method employed in this study is easier, quicker, and more sensitive with high specificity than the conventional tec hnique for in situ hybridization of procollagen gene expression of decalcified rat fracture callus. The phenomenon of shared phenotype expression, which was demonstrated among cells engaged in fracture healing, indicates an important approach to reveal the mechanism of the origin, differentiation, and orientation of cells.

A non-invasive detecting and analyzing method which used to monitor the working condition of rotating anode X-ray was proposed. Based on the NI development environment, accelerometer, 24-bit high resolution data acquisition card and personal computer were connected to construct the system for collecting the vibration signal of X-ray tube. Results demonstrate that the system could acquire and store the vibration data of X-ray tube quickly and efficiently. The characteristics of vibration, were extracted and processed, which proposed a new approach to detect the malfunction of rotating anode X-ray early and effectively.
Equipment Design ; Software ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; instrumentation ; methods ; Vibration

The authors introduced the hotspots and forefront of 2018 Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America′s Scientific Session, including the research forefront and trend of the following: International research hotspots in the myasthenia gravis (MG) had been changed from the most common acetylcholine receptor antibody positive MG (AChR-MG) into other subtypes, particularly muscle specific tyrosine kinase receptor antibody positive MG; The efficacy of thymectomy was effective in the whole AChR-MG group, but not in other MG subgroups; Existing drugs in MG treatment can not achieve the expected effect, so endless new drug development had become a hot field of MG research; In terms of basic research, more attention had been paid to exploring the specific mechanisms involved in MG pathogenesis, including the study of antigen specific B cells and even antigen specific T cells.