BackgroundOcular melanoma is a malignant tumor with a poor prognosis.To study its mode of pathogenesis and development is helpful for early diagnosis and treatment and improving prognosis. Objective This study was to analyze the location and pathological types of ocular melanoma,and explore the relationship of pathological types with prognosis of ocular malignant melanoma. Methods 110 clinical data and specimens of ocular melanoma were collected at West China Hospital,China.The specimens were examined by hematoxylin & eosin staining,immunochemistry and studying their ultrastructure.The growth location,histological classification,and their relationship with prognosis were analyzed and discussed.The clinicopathological records of the 1 l0 cases with ocular region malignant melanoma treated from January 1980 to December 2007 were analyzed.Results The primary locations of the tumors with respect to the tissue type were:66 cases in the uvea (60.00％ ),27 cases in the ocular surface tissue (24.55％),8 cases in the secondary lesion of orbit cavity (7.27％),7 cases on the eyelid skin (6.36％),and 2 cases in the lacrimal sac ( 1.82％ ).The neoplasm was classified according to pathological types:spindle-cell A type in 31 cases (28.18％ ),spindle-cell B type in 31 cases (28.18％),mixed-cell type in 25 cases (22.73％),epithelioid-cell type in 17 cases ( 15.46％ ) and other type in 6 cases (5.45％).The notability of diffusion or recurrence rate of the 5 pathological types showed statistical significance (x2 =14.463,P =0.006 ),and the rank in decending order was:other type,epithelioid-cell type,mixed-cell type,spindle-cell B type and spindle-cell A type.The clinical manifestations of ocular melanoma were dependent upon the lesion position without specificity.ConclusionsThe majority of the ocular malignant melanoma appears in the uvea and ocular surface tissue,and its common pathological types were spindle-cell type followed by mixed-cell type,epithelioid-cell type and other type.The highest recurrence rate is in other type of ocular malignant melanoma.Ophthalmologist should be aware of the clinical manifestation of ocular malignant melanoma.

This paper discusses the meaning of the tutorial system on clinical practice;the qualifications,tasks and a responsibility of the tutors,expounds the role of tutors,and discusses the main problems of tutorial system of the undergraduate.

Humans ; Poisoning ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Solvents ; poisoning

AIM: To construct the eukaryotic expression vector CD80-IgG by fusing the cDNA encoding extracellular portion of murine CD80 to the 5'-terminus of cDNA encoding Fc fragment of murine immunoglobulin G1 and to express the fusion protein in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. METHODS: The two cDNAs was amplified by PCR respectively from plasmid pcDNA/B7 containing the full-length cDNA of murine CD80 from murine spleen cells, and cloned to the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.0 by directional cloning. The resultant recombinant plasmid pcDNA/CD80-IgG was transfected into CHO cells with liposome transfection reagent. The stably expressing cells were obtained by G418 screening. Western blot, Dot ELISA, and flow cytometry were used to detect the expression of the fusion protein and its immunological activity. RESULTS: DNA sequencing verified the correction of the construction of recombinant plasmid pcDNA/CD80-IgG. The expressed fusion protein was detected in the supernatant of transfected CHO cells and the molecular weight of the protein was similar to what we expected. Its immunological activity was also established. CONCLUSION: The recombinant plasmid pcDNA/CD80-IgG was successfully constructed and it expressed the fusion protein CD80-IgG.

BACKGROUND: Until now, the definite source of respiratory rhythm generation and the ontogenic mechanism are still in controversy. Previous our investigating indicated that respiration would stop due to the gentle press on the hypoglossal root under the surface of ventral medulla of rabbit. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of mechanical lesion in medial re gion of nucleus retrofacialis on respiratory rhythm of a living rabbit model.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: At the Physiology Teaching Room of Kunming Medical College.MATERIALS: This study was carried out at the Physiology Teaching Room of Kunming Medical College from February 2002 to December 2002. Totally 54 healthy rabbits were randomly selected, amongst which 22 rabbits were submitted to the mechanical damage of the medial region of bilateral nucleus retrofacialis by the dorsal processes, and 18 received the same damage by the ventral process, 14 rabbits used for observing the changes of blood pressure andheart rate due to the mechanical damage.METHODS: The ventral and dorsal medullar of rabbits were exposed and the bilateral vagotomy at the cervical level were cut. Discharge of the phrenic nerve was used as the respiratory index. Stainless pipe of 0. 8 mm or 0.4 mm diameter was used to make mechanical damage at the medial region in order to investigate the changes of respiration. Fourteen rabbits were selected and submitted to the bilateral mechanical damage, the changes of blood pressure and heart rate were observed at post-traumatic 1 -3 minutes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The changes of respiratory rhythm induced by the mechanical damage of the medial region of bilateral nucleus retrofacialis. ② The number of phrenic nerve discharge and respiratory frequency. ③ The changes of blood pressure and heart rate at post-lesion 1-3minutes.RESULTS: Data of 54 rabbits were analyzed. ① Irreversible disappearance of respiratory rhythm was found in 12 out of 18 rabbits (the positive rate was 67% ) due to the mechanical damage by the ventral processes, comparing to 3 / 14 (14%) by the dorsal process. ② Rhythmic discharge of phrenic nerve became scarce and irregular in all rabbits who has irreversible disappearance of respiratory rhythm, the inspiratory and expiratory discharging phase were significantly prolonged, moreover respiratory rhythm would disappear if expiratory phase was extremely extended, respiration stopped at expiratory phase. ③ When the medial region of bilateral nucleus retrofacialis was partially destroyed, the still existed respiration of 27 rabbits was found immediately inhibited, phrenic nerve discharge frequency obviously decreased [ (43.5 ± 6.4)%, P ＜ 0. 001 ], and its discharge number was significantly decreased [ (42.0 ± 3.7 )%, P ＜ 0. 001 ], moreover the inspiratory and expiratory discharging phase were found obviously extended, with expiratory phase was in particular. ④ From the results of histological examination on the above mechanical lesion. Respiration stop or obvious attenuation was found mostly due to the damage at the medial region of nucleus retrofacialis.⑤ The blood pressure and heart rate changed slightly by 5% -7% at post-traumatic 1 -3 minutes, there was not significantly different from the normal value ( P ＞ 0. 05).CONCLUSION: The medial region of nucleus retrofacialis might be the main source of respiratory rhythm generation, and the related neuron within it would be the important component involving in the generation of respiratory rhythm.

BACKGROUND: Human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) is a kind of cytokine which can stimulate the differentiation and proliferation of haematopoictic precursor cells and plays an important role in the process of immunoloregulation. Escherichia coli (E.coli) expression system has advantages,such as low cost and high output, over other systems.Therefore, E.coli is still the most commonly used exogenous gene expression system.OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of hGM-CSF in the E.coli swain DH5α.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The present observational experiment was performed at the Central Laboratory of Biotechnology Research,China Three Gorges University between February and June 2007. MATERIALS: Plasmid pBR322hGM-CSF was purchased from American Type Culture Collection, USA.hGM-CSF antibody was sourced from Sigma Company, USA.IPTG, X-gal,and vector pMGT-18 were purchased from Shanghai Bioengineering Technology Company, China. METHODS: Primer was designed according to hGM-CSF gene. Taking cloning vector plasmid pBR322-hGM-CSF as template, hGM-CSF gene was acquired and recombined into prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-4T-1. Recombinant plasmid confirmed by enzyme digestion and sequencing was transformed into E.coli strain DH5α and induced by isopropy-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG). Expression product was identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electropheresis (SDS-PAGE) and detected by Western blotting assay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: hGM-CSF expression in the E.coli strain DH5α. RESULTS: SDS-PAGE results revealed that the recombinant hGM-CSF protein with relative molecular weight of 40 500 was produced up to approximately 17.9% of total protein. Western blotting detection results indicated that there was a 40 500 bp brand. CONCLUSION: The present study reconstructed prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-hGM-CSF, induced its expression in the E.coli strain DH5α, and obtained hGM-CSF fusion protein.

23 cases were treated with immediate full denture.The second base-remodeling or re-prosthodontic treatment was given 3 months later based on the oral condition.Masticatory efficiency (ME)was measured at each stage.About 30% patients participated in the second base-remodeling procedure with ME of 52.63%.

Objective To evaluate remedy therapy for biliary restenosis after repair of bile duct injury.Methods Clinical data of 60 patients with bile duct injury including 16 patients with restenosis after repair admitted to Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from January 2000 to December 2012 was retrospectively analyzed.Results 16 patients suffering from biliary duct restenosis included 3 cases of type Ⅱ 1 d,10 cases of type Ⅱ2 d,2 cases of type Ⅱ 3 d and 1 case of type Ⅱ 4 d.The reoperative procedures included hepatic hilar biliary plasty with bilioenteric anastomosis in 15 cases,right hemihepatectomy with left hepatic bilioenteric anastomosis in 1 case.Postoperative bile leakage in 3 cases and pleural effusion in 10 cases were cured by watchful therapy.All of the 16 cases were followed up with an average time of 5.2 years.No occurrence of cholangitis and elevated liver enzymes were observed up to now in 8 patients,increased γ-GT and ALP,no cholangitis but anastomotic stenosis as showed by MRCP in 6 patients with 2 patients neccesitating reoperation to address repeated cholangitis.Conclusions Restenosis after bile duct repair was closely associated with injury type,repair opportunity,repair methods and the surgeon's expertise.Precise preoperative evaluation,the choice of rational surgical approach,the clinging to mucosa-to-mucosa bilioenteric anastmosis principle and the establishment of postoperative long-term followup system centered on ALP,γ-GT and life quality score are required in the reoperation of stenosis after bile duct repair.

ObjeCtive To investigate the value of protein biochip in the diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis. Methods The serum IgM and IgG antibodies against flagellin were detected by flagellin coated-and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) modified-biochips in 82 patients with neuroborreliosis (NB),35 patients with erythema migrans (EM) and 44 normal controls.The results were compared with those from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and Western blot.Results The levels of both IgM and IgG antibodies were significantly higher in the NB patients than those in the normal controls (P