Hepatic fibrosis is a wound-healing response to liver injury, which has complex celluar and molecular mechanisms. Animal models that similar to human hepatic fibrosis are important to explore further pathological mechanisms and more effective drug therapy for hepatic fibrosis. This article reviews recent progress in animal models and antifibrotic therapy related to hepatic fibrosis.

Indices of angiogenesis are increased in synovia from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and vascu-lar proliferation may contribute to the pathogenesis of synovitis, pan nus growth, bone and cartilage destruction, and osteophyte formation. Many proan giogenic factors are expressed in the synovium in RA. They have been shown to ha ve important effects in the angiogenic process in RA. So the blockade of angioge nesis appears to be a promising avenue for the future treatment of RA.

BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has important biological effects on the heart, it can promote cardiac and vascular smooth muscle growth and metabolism.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the biological effects of IGF-1, to clarify the mechanism of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and make better use of the exercise influence on IGF1 to achieve adaptive cardiac hypertrophy.METHODS: With exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy, insulin-like growth factor, exercise in English for the search terms,Pubmed database from January 1990 to April 2009 was retrieved; With exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy, insulin-like growth factor, exercise in Chinese for the search terms, CNKI database from January 1990 to April 2009 was searched. Literatures were limited to English and Chinese languages. Inclusive criteria: animal experimental study and clinical application research closely linked to IGF-1; exclusive criteria: the old literatures and Meta analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 41 literatures were screened out by computers, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria; 31 documents of which were involved for analysis. The IGF coordinates with other growth factors to promote differentiations and maturity of a variety of cells. The current data indicate that the blood serum and the cardiac local IGF-1 play an important role on cardiac hypertrophy. This study used the method of literature to analyze the production and action mechanism of the circulatory and cardiac IGF, discuss the functions of cardiac local IGF and the effect of exercise on it, and bring forward that exercise can alter the IGF expressions, IGF is related to the formation of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy.

The important meaning of the construction of an economical-type mode of health economy management is expounded, and the measure and principle of it should be taken and followed. This management mode can relieve the social problem of "high expense and difficulties in medieine.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of using oxycodone hydrochloride before abdominal closure on hemodynam-ics and sedation in gynecological patients underwent general anesthesia of laparoscopic surgery. METHODS:Eighty-two patients un-dergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery were selected and divided into control group and observation group according to treat-ment order,with 41 cases in each group. Both group were operated under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Observa-tion group was given oxycodone hydrochloride intravenously 3 mg,and control group was given constant volume of 0.9% Sodium chloride injection before abdominal closure. SBP,HR and Ramsay score were observed in 2 groups during extubation(T1),5 min after extubation(T2),30 min after extubation(T3). The spontaneous breathing recovery time,recovery time,extubation time and the occurrence of cough and agitation were recorded in 2 groups. 2,4,6 and 24 h after surgery,VAS scores were determined in 2 groups. The occurrence of ADR was observed in 2 groups. RESULTS:At T1 and T2,there was no statistical difference in SBP and HR between 2 groups (P>0.05);at T3,SBP and HR of control group were significantly increased and higher than observation group,with statistical significance(P<0.05);At T1,there was no statistical significance in Ramsay score between 2 groups(P>0.05);at T2 and T3,Ramsay score of observation group was significantly improved and higher than control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in extubation time between 2 groups (P>0.05). The spontaneous breathing recovery time and recovery time of observation group were significantly shorter than control group,with statistical signifi-cance(P<0.05). The incidence of no cough and agitation at 0 level in observation group were significantly higher than in control group;and the incidence of median and severe cough,agitation at 2-3 level were significantly lower than control group,with statis-tical significance(P<0.05). 2 h,4 h,6 h and 24 h after operation,VAS scores of observation group were significantly lower than control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). The incidence of ADR in observation group was 7.3%,which was signifi-cantly lower than 51.2% of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The application of oxycodone hydrochloride before abdominal closure shows good analgesic and sedative effects in gynecological laparoscopic surgery under gener-al anesthesia with good safety,can keep hemodynamics stable and quick recovery.

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on corrected QT (QTc)and Tp-e interval from the peak of the T wave to the end of the T wave in patients undergoing knee joint replacement with spinal anesthesia.Methods Seventy patients 45-75 years,ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ,who were scheduled to knee joint replacement with spinal anesthesia were divided into group C and group D ran-domly according to random number table (n=35 each group).Dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg was ad-minstered over 10 min intravenously,followed by a continuous infusion at a dose of 0.4 μg·kg-1 · h-1 in group D and volume-matched normal saline infusion was adminstered in group C 1 5 min after spinal anesthesia.Time points for QT (QTc)and Tp-e intervals and hemodynamic parameters were:before spinal anesthesia (T0 ),5 (T1 ),10 (T2 ),and 1 5 (T3 )minutes after spinal anesthesia and 10 (T4 ),30 (T5 ),and 60 minutes (T6 )after infusion of dexmedetomidine or normal saline.The side effects in 24 h were also recorded.Results QTc intervals (T1-T3 )in both groups were significantly prolonged compared with T0 (P < 0.05 ).Compared with T3 ,QTc values in group D during T4-T6 were significantly shorter (P <0.05).QTc interval in group D during T4-T5 was significantly shorter than that in group C (P <0.05).There was no difference in side effects during postoperative 24 hours between two groups.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine could promote the return of a prolonged QTc in-terval in patients undergoing knee joint replacement with spinal anesthesia.

BACKGROUND:It has been reported that human aerobic endurance, cardiovascular system, blood constituent, immune system, neuroendocrine system, free radical antioxidant system, and acid-base balance system can be influenced under hypoxic conditions. However, very little is known regarding bone metabolism under hypoxic conditions and the underlying mechanisms. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the effects of hypoxic conditions on bone metabolism from the views of hypoxia inducible factors, osteblasts and osteoclasts, and the effects of exercise training under hypoxic conditions on the skeleton, contributing to understanding the theoretical advantages and disadvantages of altitude training. METHODS:A computer-based online search was conducted in CNKI and PubMed databases from January 2000 to September 2015 using the keywords“hypoxia environment, hypoxia inducible factors, bone metabolism, exercise, altitude training”to screen the relevant English and Chinese literatures. A total of 233 literatures were screened and final y 46 eligible literatures were included. RESLUTS AND CONCLUSION:The effects of hypoxic conditions on bone metabolism are complex, which are mainly linked to hypoxia inducible factors, osteblasts and osteoclasts. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is considered to influence the skeleton by promoting the bone growth induced by vascular endothelial growth factor and directly affecting the osteblasts and osteoclasts. Additional y, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 has been shown to enhance osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. The balance between osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption is disturbed under hypoxic conditions. We need to pay attention to the training period and intensity at altitude because altitude training may not benefit the bone metabolism.

Prevention is necessary to decrease the incidence rate,morbidity and mortality of acute cerebral infarction.Primary prevention is the etiological method to stop the occurrence.The method is to deal with the risk factors effectively in the at-risk population,which includes modifying hypertension,cardiac disease,diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia,hypercoagulable state,carotid stenosis,hyperhomocysteinemia,and metabolism syndrome,quitting smoking,less wine,reasonable diet,moderate weight reduction,strengthening sports,maintaining psychological balance,avoiding predisposing factors.Second prevention is to assess the etiology and pathogenesis,treat reversible etiology and control interventional risk factors of the first onset in order to prevent recurrent cerebral infarction.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of remifentanil and propofol anesthesia in patients undergoing mammary plastic surgery. Methods Forty patients (ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ ) were random-ized into two groups with 20 cases in each. Group R was administered remifentanil and propofol and Group F was administered fentanyl and propofol. The variation of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) during induction, endotracheal intubation and maintenance, the time of spontaneous breathing recovery, extubation, response to vebal commands, the incidence of intraoperative awareness and postoperative complications, such as vomiting and nausea, were observed. Results There were signif-icant difference in the changes of BP and HR during surgery between two groups (P<0.05). As to the tracheal extubation and the response to vebal commands, the time of group R was significantly shorter than that of group F (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of post-operative complications, such as vomiting and nausea, between the two groups. Conclusions The he-modynamie variables are stable in the procedure of total intravenous anesthesia with remifentanil and propofol for mammary plastic surgery. The consciousness recovery is faster in remifentanil and propo-fol anesthesia. Attention should be paid on earlier postoperative analgesia setting for patients undergo-ing remifentanil and propofol anesthesia.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most frequent form of leukemia in Western countries, is characterized by the clonal proliferation and accumulation of neoplastic B lymphocytes in the blood,bone marrow,lymph nodes and spleen.During the past decades,important advances have been made in the understanding of the biology,pathology,diagnosis and treatment of CLL.In the 53rd ASH annual meeting,lots of new discoveries about the biology, prognosis, and treatment of CLL were introduced which lead us to further understand CLL and may provide more or better treatments for CLL patients.