Objective To investigate the expression of an inhibitor gene of apoptosis, clusterin, in prostate cancer and its relationship with the genesis and progression of prostate cancer and with the expressions of bcl 2 and p53. Methods The expressions of clusterin, bcl 2, and p53 in 10 cases of normal prostatic tissues, 15 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 49 cases of prostate cancer were examined by immunohistochemical staining. Results The rates of strong positive or weak positive of clusterin in normal prostatic tissues, BPH, and prostate cancer were 10% (1/10), 66.6% (10/15), and 91.8% (45/49), respectively. The expression level of clusterin in prostate cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal prostatic tissues ( P

The article summarizes the questions of clinical teaching of advanced urologists,and find out some measures to improve the clinical teaching quality of advanced urologists.

Medical clinical education is really the beginning of clinical work,and it should be reformed accordingly based on actual changes in health care.This article discusses that the clinical medical education should be reformed to face serious medical problems.

BACKGROUND:Tol-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its ligand, lipopolysaccharid, are closely associated with the occurrence and development of periodontitis. Meanwhile, the immunological properties of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) play an important role in the reconstruction of periodontal tissue and cel-based therapy of periodontitis. However, the effect of TLR4 and lipopolysaccharid on the immunological properties of PDLSCs remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of TLR4 on the immunological characteristics of human PDLSCs. METHODS:PDLSCs were isolated by enzyme digestion method as previously reported, and were cultured in the medium containing 10 mg/L lipopolysaccharid, the ligand of TLR4 for 3 days. Using un-treated PDLSCs as controls, we then investigated whether lipopolysaccharid-treated PDLSCs could cause the proliferation of al ogeneic T lymphocytes as wel as the effect of lipopolysaccharid-treated PDLSCs on the mixed lymphocytes reaction and proliferation of lymphocytes induced by phytohemagglutinin. PDLSCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and phytohemagglutinin were co-cultured, and the concentration of prostaglandin E2 in the culture supernatant was examined. Then we added indomethacin, which is the inhibitor of prostaglandin E2, into the co-culture system of PDLSCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and phytohemagglutinin, and tested the proliferation of lymphocytes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Lipopolysaccharid-treated PDLSCs did not lead to the proliferation of al ogeneic T lymphocytes just as un-treated PDLSCs, and could suppress the mixed lymphocytes reaction and proliferation of phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocytes. However, the inhibitory ability of lipopolysaccharid-treated PDLSCs was significantly lower than that of un-treated PDLSCs. The levels of prostaglandin E2 were significantly elevated in the co-culture of PDLSCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and phytohemagglutinin. After adding of indomethacin, the PDLSCs-suppressed proliferation of lymphocytes restored to normal levels. Lipopolysaccharid weakened the immunosuppressive capacity of PDLSCs, which may be due to the decreasing secretion of prostaglandin E2.

Objective To analyze the causes and management of the late complications after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods The clinical data of 102 patients who were hospitalized for the late complications after TURP were analyzed retrospectively. Results The causes of readmission were residual prostatic hyperplasia for 32 patients (31.37%),bladder neck restriction for 22 patients (21.57%),urethral stricture for 18 patients (17.65%),hematuria for 15 patients (14.71%),epididymitis for 6 patients (5.88%),urinary tract infection for 4 patients (3.92%),carcinoma of prostate for 3 patients (2.94%),and neuropathic bladder dysfunction for 2 patients (1.96%). All patients were satisfied with their therapeutic efficacy after different treatments. Conclusion The main complications after TURP include residual prostatic hyperplasia,bladder neck restriction,urethral stricture and hematuria. Best therapeutic approach should be chosen according to different causes of the late complications after TURP.

Objective To study the correlation of expression of DNA topoisomerase Ⅱ alpha (TOP2A)with expressions of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)and gene mutation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)in breast cancer so as to provide reference for prognosis of the cancer and evaluation of drug efficiency.Methods This study enrolled totally 96 breast cancer patients. Tumor specimens were resected.The gene expressions of TOP2A,HER2 and PTEN were analyzed using branched DNA-liquid-chip,and PI3K gene mutation was detected by xTAG-liquid-chip.Correlations between gene expressions and gene mutation were further explored by Spearman correlation analysis so as to clarify the relationship between TOP2A and HER2 signaling pathway gene.Results Co-expression of TOP2A and HER2 was strong,and TOP2A tended to be highly expressed in the presence of high expression of HER2 (P =0.01).The expression of PTEN was not significantly correlated with the expression of TOP2A,whereas the mutation of PI3K had a positive association with the high expression of TOP2A (P =0.004).Conclusion Anthracycline drug resistance factor TOP2A may be related to the critical factors of HER2 signaling pathway,suggesting that HER2 expression and PI3K mutation may be key factors in regulation of TOP2A expression,which would provide important evidence for chemotherapeutic resistance.

Objective:To investigate the present situation, methods, advantages and problems of bilingual teaching in medical cytobiology for medical undergraduates. Methods: The bilingual teaching project of medical cytobiology was considered comprehensively from various angles, such as the teaching aim, methodology, teacher training, teaching material selection and examination in specialized course. Conclusion: It is a very important strategic project to develop bilingual education in China. The course of bilingual teaching for medical undergraduates should be student-oriented and carried out step by step.

Objective To study the association of the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist gremlin and vascular calcification in radial arteries of patients with stage 5 of chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods Radial arteries of 40 patients with stage 5 of CKD were collected as specimens of the study group,which were trimmed off during arterial venous fistula operations.Splenic trabecular arteries were collected as specimens of the control group,which were removed from 38 patients with simple traumatic splenic rupture.All the arteries were examined histologically for calcification with yon Kossa stain.Expressions of gremlin and BMP-2,-7were detected by immunohistochemistry and their serum concentrations were detected by ELISA.Images of histological sections were semi-quantitatively analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 6.0.SPSS 19.0software was used to perform statistical analysis.Results Significantly positive von Kossa stain was found in radial arteries from 12 of 40 patients (30％) in study group,which located in the layer of medial smooth muscle cells.However,there was no obvious positive stain in control group.Additionally,in study group,significant expressions of gremlin and BMP-2 were detected in those radial arteries of positive yon Kossa stain,which also located in the layer of medial smooth muscle cells.Positive correlations were found among gremlin expression level,BMP-2 expression level and yon Kossa stain intensity.However,the BMP-7 expression intensity in arteries of study group was much weaker as compared to control group.Conclusions Both gremlin and BMP-2 may be involved in the process that the smooth muscle cells of radial arteries in patients with stage 5 of CKD phenotypically transform into osteoblast-like cells.However,BMP-7 possibly prevents this process.

Objective:To explore the efifcacy and safety for radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of left bundle branch guided by left bundle potential (LBP), X-ray image with EnSiteNavX System in canine model.
Methods:The RFCA of left bundle branch was conducted in 13 dogs. A mapping catheter was positioned in right atrium to record right-sided His-bundle (R-His) potential, and an ablation catheter via right femoral artery was retrograded to left ventriclefor LBP mapping and ablation. Meanwhile, EnSiteNavX System was used to identify R-His, L-His and LBP at the same time. The potential characteristics in dogs with successful ablation were observed, the PR interval, QRS shape and time limit, AH interval, HV interval, the A/V electro-gram ratio in ablationcatheter at before and after ablation were recorded. The procedural time and X-ray exposure time between LBP with X-ray image method and LBP, X-ray image with EnSiteNavX System method were compared.
Results: There were 9/13 dogs received successful left bundle branch ablation, 3 dogs failed and 1 suffered from complete A-V block. At the successful ablation target site, the LBP-V was (17.8 ± 2.6) ms with the range of (13-21) ms, and the A/V electro-gram ratio<1/10. The procedural time and X-ray expose time were signiifcantly decreased in LBP, X-ray image with EnSiteNavX System method than those in LBP with X-ray image method P=0.007 and P<0.001.
Conclusion:Under the LBP, X-ray image with EnSiteNavX System guidance method, left bundle branch could be safely and effectively ablated to establish left bundle branch block (LBBB) model in experimental canine.

This study was aimed to observe the effects ofTian-ShuDripping Pills (TSDP) on cerebral hemodynamics among anesthetized dogs, in order to demonstrate its clinical treatment functional correlation on angioneurotic headache. A total of 25 hybrid dogs were randomly divided into the normal saline (NS) group, TS capsule (positive control: 0.4 g·kg-1 crude medicine) group, low-dose TSDP (0.2 g·kg-1 crude medicine) group, middle-dose TSDP (0.4 g·kg-1 crude medicine) group, and high-dose TSDP (0.8 g·kg-1 crude medicine) group.Intraduodenal administration was given once under anesthesia. Changes of mean arterial blood pressure, blood flow of vertebral artery and internal carotid artery blood flow were detected and the cerebral blood flow and cerebral vascular resistance were calculated. The results showed that TSDP of low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose group can significantly reduce the cerebral vascular resistance and increase the cerebral blood flow within 180 min after medication. It was concluded that TSDP can improve the cerebral blood circulation of anesthetized dogs. Its mechanism may be through the reduction on cerebral vascular resistance and increasing of cerebral blood flow.