Objective:To review the research hotspots and evolution of electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by knowledge mapping software.Methods:Based on web of science core collection database,we searched the literature with keywords (EEG biofeedback OR neurofeedback) AND (ADHD OR attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) in topic and time limit set before December 31,2015.319 literature were accepted,using the CiteSpace to depict the hot keywords,cited references and countries.Results:United States of America,Germany,Netherlands were top 3 countries in publishing papers of EEG biofeedback in ADHD.Based on burst of cited references,the research evolution of EEG biofeedback in ADHD could be divided into three stages.The hotspots of EEG biofeedback in ADHD were Slow Cortical Potentials protocol and double-blind placebo-controlled study.Conclusion:Future research should focus on the mechanism of EEG biofeedback and such known protocols for individualized treatment,or be designed along the lines of learning theory.

Objective To develop a new kind of high efficiency and energy efficiency viewbox for medical diagnostic image.Methods By constructing an array of many LED with super bright white light to form viewbox of arrangement reasonable and brightness symmetrical.Results Through all contrast with application in many sorts LED,different permutation and combination and controlling current,its design requirements can be achieved at last.Conclusion The surface-intensity lights and even-degree of the viewbox can satisfy the needs of medical diagnostic image and it is a new kind of high performance and energy-saving viewer.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the olfactory abilities in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), analyze the correlation between olfactory bulb (OB) volume with depth of olfactory sulcus (OS) and olfactory function in patients with AR. METHOD: One hundred patients with AR were compared with one hundred controls in terms of olfactory function T&T testing, OB volume and depth of OS assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). T&T testing and MRI were done after a year in 100 AR patients,the results were compared with the initial results. RESULT: The OB volume in AR patients was (29.53±3.95) mm3 on the left, (29.67±14.21)mm3 on the right, (29.61±4.05) mm3 on average; The OB volume in controls was (48.93±6.73)mm3 on the left side, (48.81±7.43)mm3 on the right side, (48.85±7.11)mm3 on average; The OB volume in AR patients was less then the control group(t= 6.321, 6.141, 6.221, P<0.01). The OS depth had no statistical difference between AR patients and controls (t=1.032, 0.972, 0.991, P>0.05). Olfactory discriminate threshold was negatively correlated with OB volume in AR patients (r=-0.46, P<0.05); and it was no correlated with depth of OS (r=-0.012,P>0.05). Among 100 followed-up AR patients, 43 showed increased in OB volume and olfactory function after a year, but there was no statistical difference (t= 0. 811,0. 843, 0.826, P>0.05; Z=1.911, P>0.05) ,and the other 57 showed no significant changes of OB volume and olfactory function. CONCLUSION In AR patients, the OB volume and olfactory function decreased, but the depth of OS had no significant changes. The OB volume is correlated with olfactory function, while the depth of OS is no correlated with olfactory function. Conservative treatment had some clinical significance on the recovery of olfactory function in patients with AR.
Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Olfaction Disorders ; etiology ; Olfactory Bulb ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; complications ; Smell

Objective To evaluate two kinds of anterior screw fixations in the treatment of odontoid fractures. Methods A total of 36 patients with D' Alonzo type Ⅱ odontoid process fractures were treated with anterior screw fixation in our department from 1999 to July 2009. There were 28 males and 8 females at mean age of 42.3 years (rang 17-59 years). According to time and surgery procedures, the patients were divided into Group A ( from 1999 to June 2005, n = 11 ) and Group B ( from June 2005 to July 2009, n = 25 ). Patients in Group A received anterior hollow screw fixation of the odontoid process monitored under G-arm or C-arm, while those in Group B received anterior screw fixation of the odontoid process assisted by Iso-C 3D navigation system. The operation time and blood loss in two groups were compared by Student' s t test and analyzed with SPSS 13.0 statistical software. X-ray examination was performed in all patients 3, 6 and 12 months after operation to observe fracture union and stability of the upper cervical spine. Results The operation time was ( 102 ± 12) min ( range, 77-148 min) in Group A and ( 104 ± 14) min ( range, 71-150 min) in Group B, with no statistical difference ( P =0.21 ). The blood loss was (465 ± 5) ml (range, 20-130 ml) in Group A and (42 ± 6) ml (range, 26-150 ml) inGroup B, with no statistical difference (P = 0.16). All patients received reexamination three months after operation, which showed no bony union or dislocation but average 40% restriction of neck rotation. One year after operation, 30 patients (83%) got fracture union and six ( 17% ) got fiber healing, with average 24% restriction of neck rotation. Conclusions There is no statistical significant differences between two groups in aspects of operation time, blood loss and fracture healing. But anterior screw fixation of the odontoid process assisted by Iso-C 3D navigation system can reduce exposure to radiation of both patients and surgeons. Furthermore, solid screws can be applied to augment the fixation intensity and thereby reduce the complications caused by non - union.

Objective Monitoring the thyroid hormone levels in patients before and after renal transplantation to realize the relationship between thyroid hormones and renal function.Methods Fifty-seven patients were subdivided into stabled graft function group (50 cases) and delayed graft function (DGF) group (7 cases).Thirty healthy men served as control group.Serum triiodothyronine (T3),thyroxine (T4),thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and serum creatinine (Scr) were determined respectably before transplantation and on different days after transplantation.Correlations between thyroid hormones and Scr at 10th day after transplantation were analyzed.Results Serum T3 and T4 levels before transplantation in the two groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.01).These four parameters levels had no significant difference between stabled graft function group and DGF group (P＞0.05).In stabled graft function group:T3 level was decreased obviously by 30％ in the 1st day after transplantation,which was higher than the others,elevated at the 1st week post-transplantation,reached the normal range.at the 2nd week post-operation,and higher than pre-transplantation (P ＜ 0.01) at 3rd week; T4 revealed a decrease trend after transplantation and was elevated at 10th day post-transplantation,returned to the pre-transplantation level at 3rd week; TSH had slight decrease after operation,and had no significant difference among every period in comparing with pre-transplantation; Scr revealed a decrease trend continuously and returned to the normal level at the 7th day post-transplantation.In DGF group,Hormones levels were obviously decreased as compared with stabled graft function group; T3 reached the normal range at the 3rd week post-transplantation,whereas T4 returned to pre-transplantation levels at the 30th day; TSH had a significant decrease at the 5th day,and began to increase at the 10th day post-operation; Scr retuned to the normal range at the 30th day post-operation.The correlation coefficients between Scr and T3,T4 were 0.546 and 0.423 respectively.Conclusion There is a significant correlation between thyroid hormones and renal function (T3,T4).Monitoring the thyroid hormones,specially T3,can diagnose renal function change.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the operative techniques of endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery and perioperative management for treatment of acute pituitar y apoplexy (PA).METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 51 pathologically diagnosed acute PA after transsphenoidal endoscopic endonasal resection at the TianJin HuanHu hospital between January 2000 and December 2013. There were 28 males and 23 females,with median age of 47 and disease course of 4h-7d.The typical clinical manifestations included headache, visual interference and pituitary dysfunction. CT scan, MRI scan and endocrinological examinations were performed in all cases before operation. Glucocorticoids were used during perioperatve period, The postoperation symptoms and the results follow-up visit after operation were recorded. RESULTS The tumors were totally removed in 42 cases and sub-totally removed in 9 cases without operative death and serious complications. The follow-up period was 1 year to 14 years. Of 47 patients with headaches before the operation, all patients were resolved after the operation; In 38 patients with sight disturbance before the operation,the sight was recovered very well in 34 patients after the operation. The visual field was recovered very well in all patients. Of 28 patients with endocrine disturbance before the operation, 22 were improved in endocrine symptom after the operation. No patient recurred.CONCLUSION The endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal operation is safe and effective for treatment of acute PA.Appropriate perioperative management is important for the success of operation.

This paper studied the selection of training tasks of medical equipment preventive maintenance,to provide theoretical basis for standardized training design.Eight tasks of medical equipment PM process were quantitatively analyzed in multi factors based on the AHp and MFM,and the CDF decision trees model was compared with the selection standard.The studied identified the selection standards and criteria of the tasks,as well as reliable theoretical references for building the standardized training system.

Through the doctor group, the questionnaire survey to understand what the doctor online habits situ-ation of network communication, doctors and patients, the effect of the real network environment for medical diag-nosis and treatment, news media under the network environment on the influence of the doctor and the doctor group about web development comprehensive view of the impact of the doctor-patient relationship.Points out that the current network environment brings to the doctor-patient relationship: the influence of the Internet become some doctors information update and the accumulated knowledge source, network has become an important platform inter-action some doctors and patients, doctors need to deal with an increasing number of network patients, the doctor-shave reactive shifts to the media negative reports.

BACKGROUND: Studies showed that both anterior cervical disc replacement and anterior cervical decompression and fusion can achieve good clinical result in cervical spondylosis. However, it is not conclusive about which kind of surgical method has an advantage in avoiding the adjacent segment degeneration. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect on adjacent segment degeneration of single segment cervical disc herniation treated with anterior cervical decompression and fusion and anterior cervical disc replacement. METHODS: We col ected clinical data of 178 patients with cervical disc herniation and receiving anterior cervical disc replacement or anterior cervical decompression and fusion from January 2009 to December 2012. A retrospective analysis was performed. There were 116 cases in the anterior cervical decompression and fusion group and 62 cases in the anterior cervical disc replacement group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Evaluation: visual analogue scale score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores and neck disability index were improved significantly in both groups during final fol ow-up compared with that pre-treatment (P < 0.05). (2) No significant difference in range of motion of operation segment, adjacent upper segment and adjacent lower segment was detected between final fol ow-up and pre-operation in the anterior cervical disc replacement group (P > 0.05). At 3 months after surgery, in the anterior cervical decompression and fusion group, surgical segment was confluent, and range of motion lost. During final fol ow-up, range of motion of adjacent upper segment and adjacent lower segment was significantly increased, and the increased range of motion in the upper segment was bigger than that of the lower segment (P < 0.05). (3) During final fol ow-up, X-ray films and MRI images revealed the number of degenerated adjacent segment was more in the anterior cervical decompression and fusion group than in the anterior cervical disc replacement group (P <0.05). The number of degenerated middle and upper segments was more than that of the lower segment in both groups (P < 0.05). (4) The findings confirmed that anterior cervical disc replacement or anterior cervical decompression and fusion for treating cervical disc herniation could effectively relieve nerve symptoms of patients. However, compared with the anterior cervical disc replacement, adjacent segment degeneration occurs more commonly after anterior cervical decompression and fusion.

Objective To investigate the value of MR imaging methods for the quantification of fat content in a customized lipid phantom at 3.0 T.Methods Eleven homogeneous fat-water phantoms (50 ml)with fat volume percentages from 0 to 100％ were constructed with reference to Bernard's methods.Fat tractions of the lipid phantom were acquired using water selective saturation (WS),fat selective saturation (FS),in-and out-of-phase imaging (IOP),iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL) gradient echo imaging and IDEAL Quant imaging methods on a 3.0 T MRI system.For statistical comparisons,paired-sample t test,Pearson correlation test,and Bland-Ahman maps were applied.Results Evaluated fat fractions acquired by WS,IDEAL Gradient echo imaging and IDEAL Quant were (49.6±28.8)％,(46.0±28.4)％,(51.0±32.0)％,the result has no significant difference with the true fat contents(t values were-0.186,-2.218,2.713;P values were 0.856,0.051,0.055).Evaluated fat fractions acquired by FS,corrected algorithm and IOP were (64.2±26.7)％,(58.9±31.9)％ and (45.3±32.3)％,these three kinds of methods have significant difference with the true fat contents (t values were 5.168,4.273,-6.441;P＜0.01).All the chemical shift imaging methods correlated with the true phantom model fat fractions,r values were 0.977(FS),0.978 (corrected algorithm),0.982 (WS),0.99 8(IOP),0.993 (IDEAL Gradient echo imaging),0.999 (IDEAL Quant) (all P＜0.01).Each method's 95％ confidence interval of the mean difference acquired by Bland-Altman map was WS (-14.7％ to 13.8％),FS (-3.6％ to 32.0％),corrected algorithm (-4.6％ to 22.5％),IOP(-9.4％ to 0.0％),IDEAL gradient echo imaging (-15.9％ to 7.8％),IDEAL Quant(-2.0％ to 4.0％).IDEAL Quant had the best correlation and confidence with the true fat fraction.Conclusions Chemical shift imaging methods (IOP,IDEAL Gradient echo imaging,IDEAL Quant) can acquire more accurate fat quantification results than chemical saturation imaging methods (FS,Corrected algorithm,WS) in a customized lipid phantom at 3.0 T.IDEAL Quant can acquire the best fat quantification result compared with the other imaging methods.