Erectile dysfunction was one of the most frequently postoperative complications after radical prostatectomy,which has been deeply concentrated by patients and urologists,along with more and more people were diagnosed as localized prostate cancer.Widely being used for erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy,the efficacy and safety of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors have been confirmed by many clinical studies.However,the influences of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors on the occurrence and progression of cancer are still not completely revealed at present.Additionally,the efficiency of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors on biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomny is still controversial,though it has been demonstrated that phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors is not associated with the occunrence of prostate cancer based on recent clinical studies.We will review the possibly mechanisms of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in oncologic occurrence,especially in the occurrence of prostate cancer and its biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

Animals ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To analyze the current situation of voluntary counseling and testing(VCT) and improve HIV/AIDS prevention and control in Jiangxi province.Method VCT services in the province were analyzed using descriptive methodology.Result The province is in shortage of full time VCT workers.Of the individuals receiving pre-testing counseling,those receiving post-testing counseling and receiving referral counseling accounted for 5.22% and 1.39%,respectively.The individuals receiving tests mostly were aged 20-29 years,and a little less were aged 30-39 years.Higher positive rates of HIV screening tests were found in Pingxiang and Nanchang cities,accounting for 39.13% and 26.09%,respectively.Conclusion To improve VCT service and contain the spread of HIV/AIDS in this province,it is necessary to establish VCT networks,upgrade quality of counseling service and publicize VCT and its outreach activities among target population.

Objective To observe the effect of Professor Deng Tietao’s Brain-strengthening Recipe 1 on learning and memory abilities of rats with vascular dementia, and to explore its molecular biology mechanism. Methods The vascular dementia rat model was established by permanent occlusion of the bilateral arteria carotis communis. Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, namely sham-operation group, model group, nimodipine (5.4 mg·kg-1·d-1) group, and high-and low-dose Chinese medicine groups (57.6 and 14.4 g·kg-1·d-1, respecitvely) . After medication for 30 days, the learning and memory abilities were evaluated by Morris water maze test. The histological changes of the rat hippocampal tissues were observed after HE staining, and the mRNA expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B ( NR2B) in rat hippocampus was measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) . Results The water maze test results showed that the escape latency of the rats in the sham-operation group was significantly decreased on the third day, and was significantly decreased in the high-dose Chinese medicine group on the fourth day ( P<0.05 compared with the model group). The results of spatial probe test showed that the times of rats passing through the platform within 60 seconds were significantly higher in high-dose Chinese medicine group ( P<0.01compared with the model group) , but the time for rat staying at the quadrant of the platform in the other four groups did not differ from that in the model group ( P>0.05). HE staining results for the model group were presented as the absence of neural cells in hippocampus CA1 region, karyorrhexis of nerve cells, indistinctness of nuclear membrane, disappearance of nucleolus, shrinkage of nerve cells, increase of cytoplasm acidophily, and reactive hyperplasia of astrocytes. And in the hippocampal CA1 region of high- and low-dose Chinese medicine groups, the injured neural cells were found, and the lesions were slighter than those of the model group. Compared with the model group, the mRNA expression of NR2B was increased in nimodipine group and high-dose Chinese medicine group ( P<0.05) . The mRNA expression of NR2B showed a increasing trend in low-dose Chinese medicine group, but the differences were insignificant compared with that of the model group ( P>0.05). Conclusion Brain-strengthening Recipe 1 has obvious effects on improving the learning and memory abilities of vascular dementia rats, and the therapeutic mechanism is associated with reduction of the degree of neuronal damage in hippocampus and with the upregulation of the mRNA expression of NR2B.

Zymonomas mobilis was transformed with a polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis operon phbCAB equipped with a pdc promoter from Z. mobilis. For the first time,PHB was produced in recombinant Z.mobilis. Shake flask studies indicated that accumulation of PHB in Zymomonas mobilis increased approximately 10% ethanol productivity for the first 48h of anaerobic fermentation. After that,the PHB effect was observed as insignificant probably due to the exhaustion of the sugar.

Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Neurofibromatosis 2

OBJECTIVETo investigate clinical effects of arthroscopy in the treatment of medial meniscal cyst.

METHODSFrom June 2011 to January 2013, 7 patients with medial meniscal cyst were treated with arthroscopy. There were 3 males and 4 females,ranging in age from 27 to 63 years old,with a mean age of (43.93±2.10) years old. The cysts have been discovered for 3 to 30 months,with a mean time of (10.6±1.3) months. All the patients complained of knee pain,especially in the medial joint gap. The Pisani sign, Caklin sign and medial McMurray sign were all positive. Preoperative MRI examination confirmed the diagnosis. Lysholm score changes and clinical efficacy were observed through a six-month follow-up.

RESULTSThe postoperative Lysholm scores were all significantly higher than the preoperative scores. According to Sarimo standard, 6 patients got an excellent result, and 1 good.

CONCLUSIONArthroscopic treatment of medial meniscal cyst has replaced the traditional method, which could retain the normal meniscus as much as possible and repair the meniscus injury simultaneously, as well as get a good curative effect and a good recovery of knee function. This method is worthy of clinical application.

Adult ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Cysts ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged

Objective To prepare the supersaturation self-emulsifying drug delivery system(S-SEDDS) containing silymarin and to evaluate its basic properties.Methods With the time of self-emulsifying,the consequence of color visual examination and particle size as parameters,the optimum formulations of silymarin SSEDDS were screened by solubility test,compatibility tests and pseudo ternary phase diagrams.The silymarin concentration was determined by HPLC.The in vitro dissolution characteristics of silymarin S-SEDDS were investigated with silymarin SEDDS as control.Results The optimum silymarin S-SEDDS was composed of medium chain triglycerides(MCT) 40%,Cremophor RH40(ethoxylated hydrogenatedcastor oil) 48%,Labrasol 12%.The time of self-emulsifying was less than 3 min,the average particle diameter was 49.6 nm,the adding amount of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC) was 50 mg/g,and the average content of silymarin was 39.3 mg/g.The in vitro dissolution test of silymarin S-SEDDS showed that the presence of a small amount of cellulosic polymer effectively sustained a metastable supersaturated state by retarding precipitation kinetics.Conclusion The designed formulation of silymarin S-SEDDS is reasonable and provides a strong foundation for further development of new preparations.

Objective To compare the operation situation of pancreatico duodenectomy (PD) and pylorus‐preserving pancreatico duodenectomy (PPPD) ,and analyze the clinical efficacy of PPPD .Methods Data of 47 patients with periampullary carcinoma and pancreatic head carcinoma underwent pancreatico duodenectomy from January 2010 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into PPPD group (20 cases) and PD group (27 cases) according to different surgery method .Then compare the situa‐tion of intra‐operative and post‐operative situation in two groups of patients .Results The operation time of PPPD group was sig‐nificantly lower than that of PD group (P<0 .05);the incidence of postoperative complication rate of PPPD group was obviously lower than PD group (P< 0 .05);and postoperative infection rate of PPPD group was significantly lower than PD group (P<0 .05);there was no significant difference between two groups in pancreatic leakage ,bile leakage ,gastrointestinal leakage ,post oper‐ative bleeding ,mortality and the incidence of delayed gastric emptying after surgery (P>0 .05) .Conclusion PPPD operation could shorten the operation time ,promote post‐operative recovery ,lower complication rates and shorten hospitalization time ,and could al‐so help to improve the nutritional status of patients ,improve the postoperative quality of life of patients ,thus it should be further promoted .

To explore a new way of constructing bioartificial renal tubule assist device (RAD) in vitro and its function of transporting sodium (Na(+)) and glucose and to evaluate the application of atomic force microscope in the RAD construction, rat renal tubular epithelial cell line NRK-52E was cultured in vitro, seeded onto the outer surfaces of hollow fibers in a bioreactor, and then cultured for two weeks to construct RAD. Bioreactor hollow fibers without NRK-52E cells were used as control. The morphologies of attached cells were observed with scanning electron microscope, and the junctions of cells and polysulfone membrane were observed with atomic force microscope. Transportation of Na(+) and glucose was measured. Oubaine and phlorizin were used to inhibit the transporting property. The results showed that NRK-52E cells and polysulfone membrane were closely linked, as observed under atomic force microscope. After exposure to oubaine and phlorizin, transporting rates of Na(+) and glucose were decreased significantly in the RAD group as compared with that in the control group (P<0.01). Furthermore, when the inhibitors were removed, transportation of Na(+) and glucose was restored. It is concluded that a new RAD was constructed successfully in vitro, and it is able to selectively transport Na(+) and glucose.