BackgroundOcular melanoma is a malignant tumor with a poor prognosis.To study its mode of pathogenesis and development is helpful for early diagnosis and treatment and improving prognosis. Objective This study was to analyze the location and pathological types of ocular melanoma,and explore the relationship of pathological types with prognosis of ocular malignant melanoma. Methods 110 clinical data and specimens of ocular melanoma were collected at West China Hospital,China.The specimens were examined by hematoxylin & eosin staining,immunochemistry and studying their ultrastructure.The growth location,histological classification,and their relationship with prognosis were analyzed and discussed.The clinicopathological records of the 1 l0 cases with ocular region malignant melanoma treated from January 1980 to December 2007 were analyzed.Results The primary locations of the tumors with respect to the tissue type were:66 cases in the uvea (60.00％ ),27 cases in the ocular surface tissue (24.55％),8 cases in the secondary lesion of orbit cavity (7.27％),7 cases on the eyelid skin (6.36％),and 2 cases in the lacrimal sac ( 1.82％ ).The neoplasm was classified according to pathological types:spindle-cell A type in 31 cases (28.18％ ),spindle-cell B type in 31 cases (28.18％),mixed-cell type in 25 cases (22.73％),epithelioid-cell type in 17 cases ( 15.46％ ) and other type in 6 cases (5.45％).The notability of diffusion or recurrence rate of the 5 pathological types showed statistical significance (x2 =14.463,P =0.006 ),and the rank in decending order was:other type,epithelioid-cell type,mixed-cell type,spindle-cell B type and spindle-cell A type.The clinical manifestations of ocular melanoma were dependent upon the lesion position without specificity.ConclusionsThe majority of the ocular malignant melanoma appears in the uvea and ocular surface tissue,and its common pathological types were spindle-cell type followed by mixed-cell type,epithelioid-cell type and other type.The highest recurrence rate is in other type of ocular malignant melanoma.Ophthalmologist should be aware of the clinical manifestation of ocular malignant melanoma.

This paper discusses the meaning of the tutorial system on clinical practice;the qualifications,tasks and a responsibility of the tutors,expounds the role of tutors,and discusses the main problems of tutorial system of the undergraduate.

Humans ; Poisoning ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Solvents ; poisoning

AIM: To construct the eukaryotic expression vector CD80-IgG by fusing the cDNA encoding extracellular portion of murine CD80 to the 5'-terminus of cDNA encoding Fc fragment of murine immunoglobulin G1 and to express the fusion protein in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. METHODS: The two cDNAs was amplified by PCR respectively from plasmid pcDNA/B7 containing the full-length cDNA of murine CD80 from murine spleen cells, and cloned to the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.0 by directional cloning. The resultant recombinant plasmid pcDNA/CD80-IgG was transfected into CHO cells with liposome transfection reagent. The stably expressing cells were obtained by G418 screening. Western blot, Dot ELISA, and flow cytometry were used to detect the expression of the fusion protein and its immunological activity. RESULTS: DNA sequencing verified the correction of the construction of recombinant plasmid pcDNA/CD80-IgG. The expressed fusion protein was detected in the supernatant of transfected CHO cells and the molecular weight of the protein was similar to what we expected. Its immunological activity was also established. CONCLUSION: The recombinant plasmid pcDNA/CD80-IgG was successfully constructed and it expressed the fusion protein CD80-IgG.

Objective To investigate the blood-saving effect of controlled low central venous pressure (CLCVP) in different types of hepatectomy.Methods Ninety ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 37-76 yr,weighing 40-75 kg,undergoing elective hepatectomy,were divided into 6 groups according to the surgical approach and whether CLCVP was used during surgery (n =15 each):CLCVP1-3 groups and nonCLCVP1-3 groups (NCLCVP1-3 groups).The standard hepatectomy,half liver resection and irregular hepatectomy were performed in CLCVP1-3 groups,respectively,with CLCVP.The standard hepatectomy,half liver resection and irregular hepatectomy were performed in NCLCVP1-3 groups,respectively,without CLCVP.In CLCVP1-3 groups,from skin incision to the end of liver resection,CVP was maintained ≤ 5 cm H2 O through adjustment of the position,fluid restriction and iv infusion of nitroglycerin,and norepinephrine was infused simultaneously to maintain mean arterial pressure ≥ 60 mm Hg.In NCLCVP1-3 groups CVP was maintained at 6-12 cm H2O.Intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion were recorded.Results Compared with NCLCVP1-3 groups,intraoperative blood loss was significantly decreased in CLCVP1-3 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with NCLCVP3 group,the amount of blood transfusion was significantly decreased,the constituent ratio of intraoperative blood loss ＜ 200 ml was increased,and the constituent ratio of intraoperative blood loss ＞ 1000 ml was decreased in group CLCVP3 (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion CLCVP can decrease the intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion in patients undergoing irregular hepatectomy.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of the quantitative analysis parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) for prostate cancer.Methods MR examination were performed in 26 patients and correlations were made with surgical pathology following radical prostatectomy.According to the localization of pathologic specimens,ROI were drawn on areas of cancerous regions,noncancerous regions in peripheral zone and central gland to measure the values of Ktrans,kep and Ve.The values of the three parameters in different tissue were compared with Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U.Results Twenty six patients had prostate cancer confirmed by pathology.Data from 468 assessable regions of prostate were acquired,including 115 cancerous regions and 142 noncancerous regions in central gland,68 cancerous regions and 143 noncancerous regions in peripheral zone.Prostate cancer showed a multifocal distribution.The K,kep and Ve values were (1.04 ± 0.26)/min,(1.43 ± 0.46)/min,(0.76 ±0.12) respectively for cancerous regions in central gland,and (0.82 ±0.19)/min,(1.12 ±0.26)/min,(0.75 ± 0.14) respectively for noncancerous regions in central gland,(0.95 ±0.31)/min,(1.31 ±0.51)/min,(0.76 ± 0.13) respectively for cancerous regions in peripheral zone and (0.32 ± 0.07)/min,(0.52 ± 0.13)/min,(0.64 ± 0.14) respectively for noncancerous regions in peripheral zone.The differences among the three parameters were statistically significant (x2 =316.008,297.985,63.681,P ＜0.01).The Ktrans,kep values of cancerous regions were significantly higher than the corresponding values of noncancerous regions,respectively.Conclusion Quantitative analysis parameters of DCE-MRI contribute to the diagnosis of prostate cancer,including cancer located in central gland.

OBJECTIVETo investigate clinical effects of arthroscopy in the treatment of medial meniscal cyst.

METHODSFrom June 2011 to January 2013, 7 patients with medial meniscal cyst were treated with arthroscopy. There were 3 males and 4 females,ranging in age from 27 to 63 years old,with a mean age of (43.93±2.10) years old. The cysts have been discovered for 3 to 30 months,with a mean time of (10.6±1.3) months. All the patients complained of knee pain,especially in the medial joint gap. The Pisani sign, Caklin sign and medial McMurray sign were all positive. Preoperative MRI examination confirmed the diagnosis. Lysholm score changes and clinical efficacy were observed through a six-month follow-up.

RESULTSThe postoperative Lysholm scores were all significantly higher than the preoperative scores. According to Sarimo standard, 6 patients got an excellent result, and 1 good.

CONCLUSIONArthroscopic treatment of medial meniscal cyst has replaced the traditional method, which could retain the normal meniscus as much as possible and repair the meniscus injury simultaneously, as well as get a good curative effect and a good recovery of knee function. This method is worthy of clinical application.

Adult ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Cysts ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged

Back ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Follicular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Complement 3d ; metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

BACKGROUND: Until now, the definite source of respiratory rhythm generation and the ontogenic mechanism are still in controversy. Previous our investigating indicated that respiration would stop due to the gentle press on the hypoglossal root under the surface of ventral medulla of rabbit. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of mechanical lesion in medial re gion of nucleus retrofacialis on respiratory rhythm of a living rabbit model.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: At the Physiology Teaching Room of Kunming Medical College.MATERIALS: This study was carried out at the Physiology Teaching Room of Kunming Medical College from February 2002 to December 2002. Totally 54 healthy rabbits were randomly selected, amongst which 22 rabbits were submitted to the mechanical damage of the medial region of bilateral nucleus retrofacialis by the dorsal processes, and 18 received the same damage by the ventral process, 14 rabbits used for observing the changes of blood pressure andheart rate due to the mechanical damage.METHODS: The ventral and dorsal medullar of rabbits were exposed and the bilateral vagotomy at the cervical level were cut. Discharge of the phrenic nerve was used as the respiratory index. Stainless pipe of 0. 8 mm or 0.4 mm diameter was used to make mechanical damage at the medial region in order to investigate the changes of respiration. Fourteen rabbits were selected and submitted to the bilateral mechanical damage, the changes of blood pressure and heart rate were observed at post-traumatic 1 -3 minutes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The changes of respiratory rhythm induced by the mechanical damage of the medial region of bilateral nucleus retrofacialis. ② The number of phrenic nerve discharge and respiratory frequency. ③ The changes of blood pressure and heart rate at post-lesion 1-3minutes.RESULTS: Data of 54 rabbits were analyzed. ① Irreversible disappearance of respiratory rhythm was found in 12 out of 18 rabbits (the positive rate was 67% ) due to the mechanical damage by the ventral processes, comparing to 3 / 14 (14%) by the dorsal process. ② Rhythmic discharge of phrenic nerve became scarce and irregular in all rabbits who has irreversible disappearance of respiratory rhythm, the inspiratory and expiratory discharging phase were significantly prolonged, moreover respiratory rhythm would disappear if expiratory phase was extremely extended, respiration stopped at expiratory phase. ③ When the medial region of bilateral nucleus retrofacialis was partially destroyed, the still existed respiration of 27 rabbits was found immediately inhibited, phrenic nerve discharge frequency obviously decreased [ (43.5 ± 6.4)%, P ＜ 0. 001 ], and its discharge number was significantly decreased [ (42.0 ± 3.7 )%, P ＜ 0. 001 ], moreover the inspiratory and expiratory discharging phase were found obviously extended, with expiratory phase was in particular. ④ From the results of histological examination on the above mechanical lesion. Respiration stop or obvious attenuation was found mostly due to the damage at the medial region of nucleus retrofacialis.⑤ The blood pressure and heart rate changed slightly by 5% -7% at post-traumatic 1 -3 minutes, there was not significantly different from the normal value ( P ＞ 0. 05).CONCLUSION: The medial region of nucleus retrofacialis might be the main source of respiratory rhythm generation, and the related neuron within it would be the important component involving in the generation of respiratory rhythm.

BACKGROUND: Human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) is a kind of cytokine which can stimulate the differentiation and proliferation of haematopoictic precursor cells and plays an important role in the process of immunoloregulation. Escherichia coli (E.coli) expression system has advantages,such as low cost and high output, over other systems.Therefore, E.coli is still the most commonly used exogenous gene expression system.OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of hGM-CSF in the E.coli swain DH5α.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The present observational experiment was performed at the Central Laboratory of Biotechnology Research,China Three Gorges University between February and June 2007. MATERIALS: Plasmid pBR322hGM-CSF was purchased from American Type Culture Collection, USA.hGM-CSF antibody was sourced from Sigma Company, USA.IPTG, X-gal,and vector pMGT-18 were purchased from Shanghai Bioengineering Technology Company, China. METHODS: Primer was designed according to hGM-CSF gene. Taking cloning vector plasmid pBR322-hGM-CSF as template, hGM-CSF gene was acquired and recombined into prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-4T-1. Recombinant plasmid confirmed by enzyme digestion and sequencing was transformed into E.coli strain DH5α and induced by isopropy-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG). Expression product was identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electropheresis (SDS-PAGE) and detected by Western blotting assay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: hGM-CSF expression in the E.coli strain DH5α. RESULTS: SDS-PAGE results revealed that the recombinant hGM-CSF protein with relative molecular weight of 40 500 was produced up to approximately 17.9% of total protein. Western blotting detection results indicated that there was a 40 500 bp brand. CONCLUSION: The present study reconstructed prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-hGM-CSF, induced its expression in the E.coli strain DH5α, and obtained hGM-CSF fusion protein.