Objective To investigate the expression of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) and HSP90? in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC) and its clinical significance in the malignancy of BTCC. Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect HSP70, HSP90?, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in 50 cases of BTCC and 14 cases of normal bladder muscosa served as the controls. Results The positive expression rates of HSP70 and HSP90? in BTCC were 56% (28/50) and 66% (33/50), respectively. They were significantly correlated with the pathological grade, clinical stages, and prognosis. The expressions of HSP70 and HSP90? were significantly correlated to the expression of PCNA. Conclusion Expressions of HSP70 and HSP90? are closely associated with the differentiation of BTCC and its depth of invasion, which may play an important role in the genesis and development of BTCC. HSP70 and HSP90? can be used as a useful molecular marker for prognosis of BTCC.

Objective:To assess the surgical outcome of patients with mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS) treated in our insti-tute. This study was also designed to describe the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome of MCS to provide a better understand-ing of its clinical management. Methods:A total of 27 patients with MCS were treated in Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China from October 1997 to March 2011. Demographic information and follow-up data were obtained and statistically analyzed. Re-sults:Among the 27 patients, 9 were males and 18 were females with a mean age of 30.4 years (ranging from 14 years to 51 years). The median follow-up time was 42.6 months (ranging from 6 months to 104 months). Among the total number of tumor cases, 22 and 5 were detected in bone tissues and extra-skeletal sites, respectively. A total of 25 patients underwent surgery, but only 17 achieved the standard surgical margin of wide excision. Among these patients, 16 and 13 were subjected to chemotherapy and irradiation. The three-and five-year survival rates were 65%and 49.5%, respectively. Conclusion:MCS is a rare tumor resulting in morbidity with local recur-rences and long-term metastases. In this study, standard multimodal regimens were proposed to treat MCS. The results recommended wide resection with suitable surgical margins as the preferred treatment. However, further studies should be conducted because the infor-mation about the benefits of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the control of local or systemic symptoms of MCS remains insufficient.

Objective:To explore the anti-inflammatory effects and the underlying mechanisms of ethanol extract of Ageratum cony-zoides. L. from Guangxi. Methods:The auricle edema model was induced by dimethylbenzene in the mice and the paw edema model was induced by carrageenan respectively in the mice and rats to study the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract of Ageratum cony-zoides. L. from Guangxi. The content of malondiadehyde (MDA) and proateglandin E2 (PGE2), and the activity of superoxide dis-mutase( SOD) in the mouse edema paw was measured. The contents of tumour necrosisfactor-α ( TNF-α) , interleukin-1β ( IL-1β) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in the rat serum were detected as well. Results:Compared with the model control group, the ethanol extracts of Ageratum conyzoides. L. from Guangxi could remarkably inhibit auricle edema in the mice and paw edema in the mice and rats( P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), the inhibition ratio for high, medium and low dosage group(6. 0, 3. 0, 1. 5 g·kg-1)was 29. 24%,16. 42% and 11. 21% in the auricle edema mice and 28. 66%,18. 79% and 13. 13% in the paw edema mice , respectively. It could remarkably re-duce MDA and PGE2 content and enhance the activity of SOD in the mouse inflammatory tissue(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). In the paw e-dema rats, the inhibition ratio for high, medium and low dosage group(4. 5,2. 3, 1. 2 g·kg-1)was 43. 69%, 36. 01% and 23. 29%at the 3rd h, respectively , and it also could remarkably reduce serum TNF-α, IL-1βand IL-6 content(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Con-clusion:The ethanol extracts of Ageratum conyzoides. L. from Guangxi show significantly anti-inflammatory effects, and the mecha-nisms may be related to the ability of scavenging oxygen free radicals and reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines and proinflam-matory cytokines.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of insulin like growth factor 1(IGF-1) on cortical neurons under condition of hypoxia and the possible mechanism. Methods Cerebral cortical neurons from newborn rats were cultured under the condition of oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) . On day 7, neurons were treated with IGF-1 or IGF-1 plus LY294002 or PD98059 under condition of OGD or normal condition. MTT assay was used to analyze the viability of neurons in each group. The expression of total Akt and p-Akt were analyzed by Western blot. Results Compared with the control, the neuron viability was significantly higher in IGF-1 treated group under normal or OGD condition (P＜0.05). The protective effects of IGF-1 were attenuated in the presence of LY294002 but not PD98059. The result of Western blot showed IGF-1 upregulated the expression of p-Akt, which was inhibited by LY294002. Conclusion PI3K pathway may play an important role in neuroprotection afforded by IGF-1.

Adult ; Delirium ; chemically induced ; Female ; Humans ; Thiocarbamates ; poisoning

Objective To explore surgical strategy for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCC) and study prognostic factors after curative treatment. Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 41 patients with HCC surgically treated in our department during the 9-year period from January 1999 to February 2007. Clinicopathological factors were evaluated for their association with post-operational survival by univariate and multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazard model. Results All the 41 patients underwent laparotomy following preoperative assessment of extent of disease and 21 patients (resectability rate 51.2%) ultimately underwent resection with curative in-tent. In the resection group, R0 radical resection was possible in 11 patients, while R1 resection in 6and R2 in 4. Different types of hepatectomy were combined to accomplish resection. Meanwhile, por-tal vein wedge resection or reconstruction was needed in two patients. The 1-, 3-and 5-year survival rates were 41.5%, 14.6% and 4.9% in the overall group and 71.3%, 28.6%, 9.5% in the resection group, respectively. In R0-resection, Rl-resection and R2 resection group, the 1-,3-and 5-year sur-vival rates were 81.8% ,45.5% ,18.2% ;66.7% ,16.7% ,0 and 50% ,0,0, respectively. Survival rates after resection were significantly higher than those after palliative drainage and exploratory laparotomy (P<0. 001). Higher survival rates were seen in R0-resected patients when compared with Rl-or R2-resected patients (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor-free margins, pTNM stage and combined hepatectomy were independent prognostic factors affecting survival. Conclusion Only surgery can provide chance to achieve the possibility of cure and long-term survival. Tumor-free margins, pTNM stage and combined hepatectomy are the most important prognostic factors affecting the survival.

Des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP)is produced abnormally in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Vitamin K utilizing deficiency and the decreasing activity of vitamin K-dependent γ-glutamyl carboxylate and coenzyme may involve in production of DCP. The enzymes in bepatocellular carcinoma cells are failed in carboxylating all the ten glutamic acid residues in amino- terminus of prothrombin precursor to Gla and make the difference between DCP and prothrombin. DCP is considered to be the marker for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. DCP might also be one of the growth-promoting factors to carcinoma cells. Therefore, inhibition of DCP in hepatocellular carcinoma cells is considered to be the therapeutic method of blocking hepatocellular car-cinoma growth. Vitamin K and its analogs are found to have the functions of inhibiting hepatocellular carcinoma cell producing DCP. The mechanism may relate to the increase of γ-glutamyl carboxylase activity.

Objective To investigate the effect of miRNA-146a expression on the differentiations and functions of CD4 + T lymphocyte in children with psoriasis vulgaris.Methods Thirty children with psoriasis vulgaris and 30 normal controls were enrolled in this study.Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)was used to detect the expression of miRNA-146a in CD4 + T lymphocytes of the peripheral blood.The CD4 + T lymphocytes were isolated from mononuclear cells prepared with Ficoll-Hypaque density-gradients centrifugation from human peripheral blood by magnetic cells sorting system.The CD4 + T lymphocytes were divided into 3 groups for the experiment:control group,miRNA-146a group,and miRNA-146a inhibitor group.The number of Th1 cells was measured by flow cytometry analysis (FACS).The protein levels and expressions of IFN-γRα were measured by using Western blot and RT-PCR,respectively.The levels of IFN-γ in culture supernatants of CD4 + T lymphocytes were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Compared with the normal control group,there was significant increase in the expression of miRNA-146a and serum level of IFN-γ in the psoriasis vulgaris group[2.43±0.94vs1.05 ±0.23,(27.69 ±7.64) ng/Lvs (9.75 ±2.81) ng/L] (t=6.651,4.237,allP＜0.01).There was a positive correlation between miRNA-146a and serum IFN-γ (r =0.837,P ＜ 0.01).However,in vitro,the number of Th1,and supernatant IFN-γ increased,and the expression of IFN-γRα protein decreased in miRNA-146a group compared with that of the control group(all P ＜ 0.01).And the miRNA-146a inhibitor could attenuate the effect of miRNA-146a effectively.Conclusions The miRNA-146a can promote differentiation and improve the function of Th1,It may play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris in children.

Cerebral microbleeds are new biomarkers of the cerebral small vascular disease.With the development of neuroimaging techniques,the related research of cerebral microbleeds has been paid more and more attention.The research of the correlation between cerebral microbleeds and cognitive impairment and stroke,imaging features,pathological changes,and clinical outcomes can provide an important basis for clinical treatment decisions.

Objective To investigate the evaluation of femoral neck anteversion using the digital three-dimensional model induced determination method.Methods Ten healthy volunteers,including five men and five women,aged 18-60 years (mean,43 years) were recruited.Bilateral femur CT scan was taken and processed with Mimics 17.0 software to build the three-dimensional model of the femur.Traditional Photoshop and three-dimensional reconstruction techniques were separately applied to determine the femoral neck anteversion.Anteversion angle and measurement time determined with the two methods were compared.Results Anteversion angle was (17.0 ± 4.2) ° based on the Photoshop method and was (17.0 ± 4.2) ° based on the three-dimensional method (P ＞ 0.05).Measuring time was (1,231.5 ± 152.8) sec with the Photoshop method and (590.0 ± 37.2) sec with the three-dimensional method (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Both methods provide accurate measuring of the femoral neck anteversion,but three-dimensional measurement spends far less time resulting in improved measure efficiency.