Objective To put forward reasonable and feasible recommendations against the procedure with relative high risk during the high dose rate (HDR) afterloading radiotherapy,so as to enhance its clinical application safety,through studying the human reliability in the process of carrying out the HDR afterloading radiotherapy.Methods Basic data were collected by on-site investigation and process analysis as well as expert evaluation.Failure mode,effect and criticality analysis (FMECA) employed to study the human reliability in the execution of HDR afierloading radiotherapy.Results The FMECA model of human reliability for HDR afterloading radiotherapy was established,through which 25 procedures with relative high risk index were found,accounting for 14.1％ of total 177 procedures.Conclusions FMECA method in human reliability study for HDR afterloading radiotherapy is feasible.The countermeasures are put forward to reduce the human error,so as to provide important basis for enhancing clinical application safety of HDR afterloading radiotherapy.

Objective To put forward reasonable and feasible recommendations aiming at enhancing the application safety of afterloading unit, through studying the human reliability in the emergency response against the source blockage of afterloading unit.Methods Based on the human cognition reliability model, ten operation errors during the emergency response against the source blockage of afterloading unit were analyzed and permissible time widow of emergency response operation were determined.The human error probability was calculated with the execution time of emergency response operation obtained through simulation, observation and recording.Results The operation action, relevant permissible time window and execution time were obtained with the corresponding human error probabilities in the range 0.04 - 0.27.Conclusions The human error model in emergency response against the source blockage of afterloading unit based on HCRmodel is feasible, and provides important reference basis to reduce the occurrence of potential exposure and mitigate the consequence of potential exposure.

Animals ; Enterovirus A, Human ; genetics ; Enterovirus Infections ; virology ; Humans ; Reverse Genetics ; methods

Objective To explore and use a simple effective technique for repairing whistling de-formities and similar defects of upper lip.Methods According to various degrees of the defect on the ver-milion,one or two lip flaps were designed.At the first,a horizontal incision was performed in the area of vermilion defect to make the wound as a recipient area,then one or two lip flaps were formed,which were vertical against horizontal incision and close to area of deformity.Lengths of the flap ranged from 0.6 to 1.4cm,widths of the flap ranged from 0.4~0.7cm,and maximum ratio of length to width was 3:1.At last,the lip flaps were rotated up to recipient area for repairing whistling deformities.Sometimes deform-ities of Cupid’s bow and white lip were repaired at the same time through making additional incision.Re-sults Follow-up for l to 15 months showed that 25 cases of operation were with satisfactory results,ver-milion deformities were repaired or acquired visible improvement without complications and without leav-ing clear incision scar at lip after operation from November 2002 to September 2004.Conclusion In gen-eral application of vertical lip flaps could achieve anticipatory objective for repairing the whistling deformi-ties on lip if there are sufficient membraneous tissue in donor area.This operation is simple,practical and satisfactory.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) combined with three dimensional conformal radiotherapy synchronization XELOX regimen in the treatment of local recurrence of rectal neoplasms.Methods A total of 81 patients with local recurrence of rectal neoplasms were divided into treatment group (41 patients) and control group (40 patients) by random digits table method.In treatment group,41 patients received simultaneous three dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with XELOX chemotherapy,then received CIK treatment.In control group,40 patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy.The immune function,quality of life (QOL) scores,recent efficacy,survival rate and adverse reactions were analyzed.Results In treatment group,the level of CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ and CD16+ CD56+ increased and the level of CD8+ decreased significantly after treatment than those before treatment (0.671 ± 0.012 vs.0.625 ± 0.022,0.378 ± 0.043 vs.0.315 ± 0.035,1.59 ± 1.41 vs.1.02 ± 1.14,0.184 ±0.008 vs.0.121 +0.023,0.237 ±0.030 vs.0.308 ±0.031,P ＜0.05).Compared with those in control group after treatment,the level of CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ and CD16+ CD56+ in treatment group increased and the level of CD8+ decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).QOL scores of 70.7％ (29/41) patients in treatment group was improved,significantly higher than the 32.5％ (13/40) in conctol group (P =0.001).The response rate(RR) in treatment group was 92.7％(38/41),significantly higher than that in control group [75.0％ (30/40)] (P =0.030).The 1-year survival rate in treatment group and control group were 90.2％(37/41) and 85.0％(34/40),there was no significant difference (P =0.473).The side effect in treatment group and control group showed no significant difference (P＞0.05).Conclusion CIK combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of local recurrence of rectal neoplasms can improve patients 'immune function,QOL and recent efficacy.

Objective To discuss the effect of microRNA -27a on U251 glioma cells.Methods Over-expression or inhibition of miR -27a in U251 glioma cells were done by transient transfection of miR -27a mim-ics or AMO-27a in vitro.Cell viability was detected by MTT assay .Invasion ability of U251 was detected by tr-answell invasion assay.The level of miR-27a and PPARγwere detected by real -time PCR.Results Under in-hibition of miR-27a condition,the proliferation and invasiveness of U 251 glioma cells were decreased .The level of PPARγwas significantly increased ,whereas the level of miR-27 a was decreased .Overexpression of miR-27 a increased the proliferation and invasiveness of U 251 glioma cells and decreased the level of PPARγ.Conclusion Inhibition of miR-27a is benefit for inhibiting the proliferation and invasiveness of U 251 glioma cells.

Objective To detect and analyze the levels of preoperative serum carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) and CA15-3 in early invasive breast cancer patients and their correlation with pathological parameters. Methods Electrochemical luminescence immunoassay (ECLI) technology was used to detect serum levels of CEA and CA15-3 in 223 cases of early invasive breast cancer patients, 109 patients with benign lesions, and 30 cases of heath control. Immunohistochemical (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to detect the estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone recepter (PR), and its HER-2 pathological indicators.Besides, the correlation of serum CA15-3, CEA levels and pathological parameters was analyzed. Results The serum CA15-3 and CEA levels of Breast cancer patients [(22.27±15.11) U/ml, (5.03± 0.49) μg/L] were significantly higher than that of patients in benign lesion group [(14.13±3.04) U/ml, (2.72± 0.11) μg/L] (P< 0.05). CEA level of patients with histological grade Ⅲ was (6.34 ±0.93) μg/L, significantly higher than the level Ⅰ-Ⅱ (4.23±0.50) μg/L (P< 0.05). CA15-3 level was (19.26±15.08) U/ml in T1 tumors, and CA15-3 level was (28.73 ±11.53) U/ml in T2 tumors (P<0.05). The serum levels of CEA and CA15-3 between different histology, pathologic stage, lymph node status, ER, PR, HER-2, pathological characteristics had no significant difference (P>0.05). CEA positive rate of breast cancer group was significantly higher than that of benign lesions(13.5%vs. 3.7%, 26.5%vs. 1.8%, P<0.05). 30 cases of normal control group had no positive one. The joint monitoring sensitivity of CEA and CA15-3 breast cancer group was 9.4 %, the sensitivity was 0 in benign lesion group. There was significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion The changes of Serum CA15-3 and CEA levels in breast cancer patients can be considered as the judgment standard for early diagnosis, pathological staging, prognosis and clinical effect monitoring.

Objective To design a multifunctional laryngeal mask development and can be used in clinical tracheobronchial foreign body removal, surgical lung lavage, lung surgery to stop bleeding and lung biopsy. Methods Three-way Laryngeal Mask is improved base on the traditional laryngeal mask, it adds a three-way channel(adapter), one end(port) of the threeway channel connected with the laryngeal mask, another end covered the seal cap from which can insert the fiberoptic bronchoscope or endoscope, one another end is a 15mm standard interface for connecting with the respiratory machine or anesthetic machine. The fiberopticscope or other kinds of endoscope will be inserted from the end of seal cap through the laryngeal mask body, the glottis enters trachea to bronchus. The standard end can be connected with the respiratory machine, in the process of operation can adjust the ventilation by manual control or machine-controlled. Results Through the clinical application testing, the use of the multifunctional laryngeal mask for all lung diseases surgery is successful completely, the degree of satisfaction is 100% and the effect of ventilation is excellent. Conclusion The multifunctional laryngeal mask can be widely used in the clinical various lung disease operation with safe, reliable, effective and advantages of fewer complications, which significantly expand the traditional use of laryngeal mask and considerably increase the security of anesthesia and operation.

While the near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is used to measure the inhomogeneous samples with diffuse reflection mode, the accuracy and robustness of the calibration model is not quite good for the variation of spectrum scattering and absorption coefficient in those samples.Therefore, an establishment strategy of hybrid model based on homogeneous sample and calibration transfer method was proposed to solve the problem of detection inhomogeneous samples by NIRS.This work was focused on the tobacco leaf samples aspect.Three common calibration transfer methods, including Shenk′s patented algorithm (Shenk′s), piecewise direct standardization (PDS) and calibration transfer based on canonical correlation analysis (CTCCA), were used to construct two hybrid models of tobacco powder mixed with cut tobacco and tobacco powder mixed with tobacco flake samples to predict nicotine content in the samples of cut tobacco and tobacco flake.Experimental results showed that the hybrid model of adding some cut tobacco and tobacco flake samples to the powder model would get preferred prediction ability.Root mean square errors of cut tobacco and tobacco flake samples were reduced by 1.39% and 2.73%, respectively.This showed that the hybrid model was help for the improvement of the predicted results and the robustness of model.Moreover, CTCCA got the optimal performance between these three calibration transfer methods.Therefore, the scheme of building a hybrid model by NIRS homogeneous model and calibration transfer method to determinate the heterogeneous samples is feasible, which can accelerate the development of on-line near infrared spectroscopy technology and will provide reference for the share of near infrared spectral model.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; Carcinosarcoma ; diagnosis ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Humans