This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of solution form of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on removing smear layer of root canals at different exposure time periods and to provide scientific basis for EDTA as a choice of root canal irrigation in clinical practice. Twenty-five single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (group A) was given 2.5% NaOCl, and 4 experimental groups were given 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, including groups B, C, D and E with exposure time of 1, 3, 5 and 7 min, respectively. After preparation of the root canals, the teeth were split along their longitudinal axis, and the root sections were examined under scanning electron microscope for evaluation of smear layer removal and erosion on the surface of the root canal walls. The specimens in group B showed presence of smear layer on the walls of the root canal with no statistical difference from that in group A (P>0.05). In groups C and D, partial removal of smear layer was obtained, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05), but there was significant difference in removal of smear layer between group C and group B (P<0.05). Root canal walls in group E specimens showed almost complete removal of smear layer, and the removal of smear layer was significantly different from that in group D (P<0.01). There was no significant change in the structure of the surface of root canal for each sample. It was concluded that combined irrigation with 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl could remove the smear layer with no significant alteration in dentinal structure when the chelating agent was applied for 7 min. At 3 and 5 min of application, partial removal of smear layer was observed and at 1 min negligible removal of smear layer was achieved.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of conventional surgical treatment of tibial plateau fractures and traditional Chinese medicine intervention. Methods Sixty-eight patients with tibial plateau fractures who had received medical treatment from Hangzhou Cancer Hospital (May 23, 2015 to May 23, 2016) were randomized to the surgical group and the combined group as the subjects of this study. 34 patients in the operation group were treated with surgical treatment. 34 patients in the combined group were treated with traditional Chinese medicine on the basis of operation. The clinical efficacy and knee function scores of the patients with tibial plateau fractures were compared. Results The total effective rate was 91.18% in the combined group, which was significantly higher than that in the operation group (73.53%) (P<0.05). The knee function score of the combined group was (25.36±3.85) The operation group (21.24 ± 3.89) was significantly higher (P<0.05). Conclusion The intervention of traditional Chinese medicine combined with traditional Chinese medicine can significantly improve the function of knee joint in patients with tibial plateau fractures.

Objective To explore the value and applicability of the activity of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6PD) for the auxiliary diagnosis of thalassemia.Methods Nine hundred and forty samples verified by the agar gel hemoglobin electrophoresis and(or) gene diagnosis,blood count measurement,serum ferritin and G-6PD activity test were divided into 3 groups [820 cases of thalassemia in group A;40 cases of iron deficiency anemia(IDA) in group B;80 cases normal control group in group C] and the G-6PD activities of them were analyzed statistically.Results The activity of G-6PD of those samples were(35.23?7.11),(34.95?10.72),(26.64?10.85),(23.86?7.68),(19.89?5.99),(18.65?6.67),(16.75?5.49) NBTU respectively in HbH disease,?-thalassemia major,?-thalassemia intermedia,IDA,?-thalassemia minor,? combine with ?-thalassemia,?-thalassemia trait,there were significant differences compared with normal control group(Pa0.05).Conclusions G-6PD activity increase in both thalassemia and IDA group,it can be used in auxiliary diagnosis of thalassemia but had its serviceable range.It′s suitable for the auxiliary diagnosis of HbH disease and ?-thalassemia major,but not for the discrimination of gene category in thalassemia.

Objective: To study the attenuating effect of angiotensin I type 1 receptor antagonist losartan and an-giotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril on aortic atherosclerosis in rabbits. Methods: Thirty-one male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups:control group,high cholesterol diet group,losartan group, captopril group and combined drug administration groupdosartan+captopril). The animals were killed after 16 weeks and the serum total cholesterol ,triglyceride, high and low density cholesterol .atherosclertic ratio,endothelin,NO,plaque area percentage,aortic cholesterol content and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis were determined. Results:The plaque area percentage,aortic cholesterol contents and endothelin levels of 3 drug treatment groups were significantly lower than that of high cholesterol group,NO contents and VSMC apoptosis were significantly higher. Conclusion:Losartan and captopril can attenuate aortic atherosclerosis induced by high cholesterol diet .combined administration of the 2 drugs at low doses are more effective. The mechanism may be related to the protection of endothelial function and the effect on apoptosis of VSMC.

AIM: To investigate the inhibiting effect and mechanism of dimethylaminoethyl ginkgolide B mesylate on platelet aggregation and release function.METHODS: The effect of dimethylaminoethyl ginkgolide B mesylate on inhibiting PAF-induced platelet aggregation was measured by turbidimetry method through giving rabbits dimethylaminoethyl ginkgolide B mesylate at different final concentration via i.v.for 5 days.The release of Ca2 + from PAF-induced platelet in rabbits was assayed with fluorospectrophotometry and the contents of TXA2 and PGI2 were measured by radio-immunity method.RESULTS: Three groups of dimethylaminoethyl ginkgolide B mesylate (1.95,3.90,7.80 mg/kg) had significant effect on inhibiting PAF-induced platelet aggregation in rabbits (compared to normal,P

Objective To investigate the effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on brain edema and injury and their mechanisms. Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, an ischemia-reperfusion group, a 30 ppm hydrogen sulfide group, and a 60 ppm hydrogen sulfide group (n =15 in each group; 1 ppm =1 mg/L). A model of focal cerebral ischemia for 2 h and reperfusion for 24 h was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. The neurological scores were observed after 24 h cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. The cerebral infarction volume, the degree of brain edema, and the changes of blood-brain barrier permeability were measured. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of occludin and zonula occludens-1 protein (ZO-1) in ischemic penumbra. Results Compared with the ischemia-reperfusion group, the neurological function scores in the 30 ppm and 60 ppm hydrogen sulfide group significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner (al P <0.05) and the neurological deficits and infarct volume reduced (al P < 0.05), and the
brain edema aleviated (al P < 0.05). The content of Evans blue in the ischemic brain tissue in the ischemia-reperfusion group increased significantly compare with the sham operation group (0.74 ±0.14 μg/100 mg vs. 0.19 ±0.06 μg/100 mg; P <0.05). The content of Evans blue in the brain tissue in the 30 ppm hydrogen sulfide group (0.55 ±0.10 μg/100 mg ) and the 60 ppm hydrogen sulfide group (0.35 ±0.08 μg/100 mg ) decreased significantly compared with the ischemia-reperfusion group (al P < 0.05), among them the 60 ppm hydrogen sulfide group was significantly lower than the 30 ppm hydrogen sulfide group (P <0.05). Western blot analysis showed that expression levels of occludin in penumbra (0.621% ±0.101% vs.0.787% ±0.087% vs.0.453% ± 0.127%; P <0.05) and ZO-1 (0.602% ±0.118% vs.0.778% ±0.805% vs.0.426% ±0.146; P <0.05) in the 30 ppm and 60 ppm hydrogen sulfide groups increased significantly compared with the ischemia-reperfusion group, among them, the expression levels of occludin and ZO-1 in the 60 ppm hydrogen sulfide group were significantly higher than those in the 30 ppm hydrogen sulfide group (al P < 0.05). Conclusions Inhalation of exogenous hydrogen sulfide can significantly attenuate brain edema after ischemia-reperfusion in a dose dependent manner, reduce infarct volume, and improve neurological function.Their mechanisms may be associated with inhibiting the downregulated expressions of occludin and ZO-1 and maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.

AlM: To compare the results of 4 methods for measuring angle of exodeviation in the three types of intermittent exotropia, including when looking at indoor distance target of 6m, looking at indoor distance target of 30m, looking at outdoor far distance target, after 1h diagnostic occlusion test.
METHODS: Prospective case series study. Sixty-five patients with intermittent exotropia between June 2013 and June 2014 were enrolled in the Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital to Qingdao University, included 37 males and 28 females with average age ( 12. 5 ± 6. 2 ) years. All the patients were measured when looking at indoor distance target of 6m, looking at indoor distance target of 30m, looking at outdoor far distance target, after 1h diagnostic occlusion test. lntermittent exotropia was divided into basic type, convergence insufficiency type and divergence excess type, which was based on the different result of between the distance and near measurements. The One-way test was applied to analyze the four methods of measuring angle of exodeviation in the three types of intermittent exotropia. LSD - t test was applied to compare the differences between each two methods in each type.
RESULTS: The distance exodeviations tested with looking at indoor distance target of 6m, looking at indoor distance target of 30m , looking at outdoor far distance target, after 1h diagnostic occlusion test were basic type (45. 4 ± 21. 0, 55. 0 ± 15. 0, 64. 68 ± 17. 7, 68. 75 ± 16. 6PD), convergence insufficiency type (33. 3 ± 14. 0, 44. 9 ± 12. 9, 43. 6±11. 8, 54. 6±11. 2PD), divergence excess type (55. 6± 17.4, 66.3±18.8, 76.9±16.4, 78.1±15.6PD). There were obviously differences between each two methods in each type ( basic type F = 9. 649, P = 0. 00; convergence insufficiency type F=6. 886, P=0. 001; divergence excess type F = 7. 989, P = 0. 00 ). Compared with looking at indoor distance target of 30m, looking at outdoor far distance target ( basic type P=0. 044, divergence excess type P = 0. 048 ) and after 1h diagnostic occlusion test (basic type P=0. 04, divergence excess type P=0. 027) had the statistical difference in the basic type and divergence excess type, and there was no obviously difference between looking at outdoor far distance target and after 1h diagnostic occlusion test ( basic type P=0. 353, divergence excess type P=0. 815). Compared with the other three measurements, 1h diagnostic occlusion test can elicit larger angle of deviation in the convergence insufficiency type.
CONCLUSlON: Both measurement with looking at outdoor far distance target and after 1h diagnostic occlusion test can elicit the larger angle of deviation in the basic type and divergence excess type; The measurement with after 1 hour diagnostic occlusion test can elicit the larger angle of deviation in the convergence insufficiency type.

Adult ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Dermatofibrosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fibroma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Lipoma ; pathology ; Neurofibroma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

Objective To explore the clinical value of serum cathepsin L (CL),matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and heparanase (Hpa) detection in determining the degree of ovarian cancer invasion and metastasis.Methods Enzyme-linked inmunosorbent assay (ELISA) and electrochemiluminescencl immunoassay (ECLIA) were used to detect the serum content of MMP-9,Hpa,CL in 217 cases with untreated ovarian cancer before surgery( in FIGO Ⅰ - Ⅱ stage 83 cases,Ⅲ-Ⅳstage 134 cases),100 cases with benign ovarian tumors and 101 healthy women control.All of the patients from Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital,from September 2003 to October 2009.The relationship between the clinical pathological factors of ovarian cancer and serum content of MMP-9,Hpa,CL was analyzed.On the basis of clinical pathological diagnosis as “gold standard”,the ROC curves was drawed to evaluate the clinical value of serum CL,MMP-9,Hpa combined detection in determining the degree of ovarian cancer invasion and metastasis before surgery.Results The serum content of CL,MMP-9 and Hpat in patients with ovarian cancer were (21.23 ± 8.17),( 193.95 ± 42.49),(7.68 ± 2.32) μg/L respectively,which was higher than that in patients with benign ovarian tumors [ ( 10.97 ± 3.84),( 143.66 ± 28.47),( 4.86 ± 1.37) μg/L respectively ] and normal control [ (5.59 ± 1.75),( 57.99 ± 1 1.42),( 2.77 ± 0.80) μg/L respectively ],there was difference statistically significant ( t value CL was - 13.242,- 13.498 respectively; MMP-9 was - 14.521 and - 21.290 respectively; Hpa was - 10.896 and - 18.280 respectively,P ＜ 0.001).The serum content of CL [ ( 21.59 ± 8.24) μg/L ] in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer ( EOC) was significantly higher than that [ ( 19.57 ± 7.69) μg/L ] in non-epithelial carcinoma ( F =1 1.209,P =0.048).The serum CL,MMP-9 and Hpa content in FIGO Ⅰ -Ⅱ stage patients was (19.66 ± 7.83),(182.63 ±42.30),(7.21 ±2.05) μg/L,which was lower than that (22.64 ±8.31),(202.81 ±39.74),(8.51 ± 1.92) μg/L in FIGO Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage patients ( F value was 12.452,70.565 and 195.122respectively,P value was 0.030,0.002 and 0.000 respectively).In patients with EOC,the serum CL,MMP-9 and Hpa content in eases with poorly differentiated was ( 23.04 ± 7.67),( 200.12 ± 40.82),(8.22 ± 1.92) μg/L respectively,which was also higher than that in cases with high-moderate differentiated [ ( 18.54 ± 7.30),( 173.43 ± 39.37),(7.20 ± 2.51) iμg/L respectively;F value was 24.545,60.286 and 9.077 respectively; P was 0.004,0.035 and 0.001 respectively ].The serum content of CL and MMP-9(22.96 ± 8.41),(200.44 ±43.82) μg/L respectively in patients with invasion and metastasis in the abdominal cavity was higher than that without invasion and metastasis in the abdominal cavity [ ( 19.07 ±7.36),( 181.04 ± 36.10) μg/L,F value was 12.210,18.084 ; P value was 0.030,0.010 ] ; There was statistically significant relatioship between serum levels of Hpa and patients with distant metastasis ( F =9.430,P =0.042).On base of pathological diagnosis as gold standard,ROC curve showed the sensitivity was 60.9％ (70/115),69.6％ ( 80/115) and 72.2％ ( 83/115) and specificity was 57.4％ ( 26/62),67.2％(20/62) and 68.9％ (19/62),as serum levels of CL,Hpa,MMP-9 preoperative were detected as tumor markers to determine whether there was cancer invasion and metastasis outside the pelvis.Conclusions There is related with CL,MMP-9 and Hpa levels increase and tumor occurrence and progression in ovarian cancer.The serum content of MMP-9,Hpa,CL detection would be certain clinical reference value to determine extent of invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer before surgery.

Guangxi Medical University had taken a lot of measures to construct systematic general medicine education system consisting of medical college education, post graduation education and continuing medical education. These measures included constructing the organization, modifying the personnel training program, training rural-order directional medical students, standardizing resi-dent training, providing on-the-job training and postgraduate degree education for general practitioners.