Objective To analyze the dermal irritation characteristics of 8 types of cosmetics.Methods The selected 917 cosmetics samples of 8 types,which were underwent the health safety test in China during 2005-2007,were assessed in the acute dermal irritation according to the related standards and the data were statistically analyzed using CMH method.Results The dermal-irritant samples were detected in different levels in 8 types of cosmetics.In terms of the irritation of cosmetics and the dermal damage caused by cosmetics,the cosmetics for hair,for face clean and for bath showed a significant higher proportion compared with the other types of cosmetics and the dermal damage could last for more than 14 days.Conclusion The acute dermal-irritability is different in 8 types of cosmetics,the cosmetics for hair,for face clean and for bath can cause the irritation and damage in the skin in degrees.

BACKGROUND: The reaction of osteoblasts is important role in the reconstruction of osteocytes, and the mechanism of bone remodeling can be known from the cytological level through analyzing the mechanical reaction of osteoblasts under different loading.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of low frequency vibration on the proliferation and differentiation as well as the matrix excretion of cultured human osteoblasts.DESIGN: A comparative observation.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the laboratory of Nanfang Hospital from January to December in 2002. Human osteoblasts were isolated from the iliac cancellous bone of adults.METHODS: The osteoblasts were cultured for 48 hours, and then treated with low frequency vibration of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 2 and 5 Hz. The proliferation of the osteoblasts was detected with flow cytometry, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and content of osteocalcin were assayed by spectrophotometric methods and radioimmunoassay respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Effects of low frequency vibration on the ALP activity and osteocalcin excretion of osteoblasts; ② Effects of low frequency vibration on the proliferation of osteoblasts detected with flow cytometry.RESULTS: ① 0.2 and 0.5 Hz vibrations could markedly increase the ALP activity of osteoblast (P ＜ 0.01), but that of 5 Hz obviously decreased the ALP activity (P ＜ 0.01). 0.1 and 2 Hz vibrations had no obvious effects on the ALP activity of osteoblasts. ② 0.2 and 0.5 Hz vibration could significantly increase number of osteoblasts at S phase from 10.4% to 12.45% and 16.12%, and the proliferative index increased from 20.14% to 26.21% and 28.75%; 0.1 and 2 Hz vibration has not obvious effects in osteoblast proliferation index; 5 Hz vibration obviously decreased the proliferative index value to 13.22% (P ＜ 0.05). 0.1 and 2 Hz vibrations had no obvious effects on the proliferative index of osteoblasts (P ＞ 0.05). ③ 0.2 and 0.5 Hz vibrations could obviously increase the amount of osteocalcin excretion to 1.87 μg/L and 2.47 μg/L(P ＜ 0.05), but 2 and 5 Hz vibrations decrease the amount of osteocalcin excretion (P ＜ 0.05), and that of 0.1 Hz had no obvious effect on amount of osteocalcin excretion (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Low frequency vibrations of 0.2-0.5 Hz could accelerate the proliferation and differentiation as well as the excretions of active materials of osteoblasts, and it plays an instructive role for low frequency vibration to treat fracture.

Objective To study the effect of shortening the time of initial oral intake and fluid intake after general anesthesia in patients receiving oral and maxillofacial surgery on promotion of postoperative recovery. Methods A total of 116 patients were divided into the control group and the observation group with 58 cases in each group by random digit table from January 2014 to December 2015. Patients in the control group were allowed to take food orally 6 h after they regain analepsia from anesthesia;while those in the observation group were allowed to drink water after 2 h upon analepsia from anesthesia and take liquid food after 4 h. The mis-aspiration, the fasting glucose, blood pressure, heart rate and the rate of hunger, thirst, nausea, vomiting as well as blood pressure and heart rate were observed. Results The rates of hunger, thirst, nausea, vomiting in the observation group were 17.2%(10/58), 5.2%(3/58), 12.1%(7/58), 1.7%(1/58), which were significantly lower than those in the control group, which were 94.8%(55/58), 91.4%(53/58), 36.2%(21/58), 10.3%(6/58), and there were significant differences(χ2=7.484-54.772, all P<0.05). The fasting plasma glucose level in the observation group [(4.93 ± 0.85)mmol/L] was higher than that in the control group [(4.05 ± 0.51)mmol/L],and there was significant difference(t=-7.152, P<0.05). There were significant differences in blood pressure 3 h and 5 h after operation compared with those of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusions Shortening the time of taking food for patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery can relieve uncomfortable symptoms , prevent hypoglycemia and the hemodynamic disturbance after anesthesia and promote recovery,early postoperative feeding should be suggested on the premise that they are fully awake.

Objective To investigate clinical and pathological characteristics of acquired digital fibrokeratoma (ADF).Methods Clinical data were collected from 12 patients with ADF,and their clinical manifestations,histopathological features,treatment and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively.Results The mean age at onset of ADF was 39.75 ± 17.69 years (range,17-64.5 years),and the average disease duration was 4.83 ± 5.77 years (range,0.5-20 years).The ratio of male to female was 1.4:1.Most skin.lesions were polymorphic,and mainly involved fingers,toes and nail grooves.Sometimes non-extremity sites are also involved.Histopathological examination of skin lesions showed epidermal hyperkeratosis,acanthosis and broadened dendroid rete ridges.The dermis consisted of mature collagen bundles,fibroblasts and a large number of dilated capillaries.The characteristic manifestation was that most collagen bundles were vertical to the epidermis.Conclusions ADF,a rare benign fibrous tumor with unknown etiology,usually occurs in adults as a solitary lesion on fingers or toes,sometimes in non-extremity sites.Surgery and laser therapy are common treatments for ADF with low recurrence rate.

A Review: A concept of tissue adaptation to hypoxia (i. e. hypoxic preconditioning) was developed and its corresponding animal models were reproduced in 1966s. The methods of model reproduction in rat, rabbit, and mouse in particular and the main results are briefly introduced in this review. The tolerance to hypoxia of preconditioned animals is significantly increased. Regular changes in animals' behavior, neurophysiology, respiratory and circulatory physiology, neuron morphology in vivo and function of brain and spinal cord in vitro are briefly demonstrated. The protective effects in vivo and in vitro of homogenate extract taken from the brain of preconditioned animals, neurochemicals and molecular neurobiological alterations are briefly presented. The essence and significance of tissue adaptation to hypoxia/hypoxic preconditioning are discussed in the review in terms of evolution and practical implication.
Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; Mice ; Rabbits ; Rats

Objective To investigate the knowledge and attitude of clinicians in the departments of pediatrics and otolaryngology to pediatric obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), since in China, the clinicians in these two departments had closest relationship with the diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS in children. Methods A validated questionnaire from USA which was the obstructive sleep apnea knowledge and attitudes questionnaire in children (OSAKA-KIDS) was used and permissioned by original author. The questionnaire was mailed to ENT doctors and pediatricians in 43 public hospitals in Shandong province. Results OSA-KIDS in Chinese version was re-tested by 30 physicians, r = 0. 92. Totally, 391valid questionnaires (87. 7% ) were returned. Average of correct rate ((x-)± s) in 18 knowledge items was 64. 1% ± 19. 1%. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0. 76. There was no difference between ENT doctors and pediatrics in total knowledge score. However, there was significant difference in below 2 questions: ENT doctors had more correction in answer "nearly 2% of children have OSAHS" and pediatrics had more correction in answer "pediatric OSAHS may be associated with pulmonary hypertension". Only 24. 3% clinicians correctly know the degree of snoring (mild to severe) was not correlated with the severity of obstructive apnea in children. Only 16. 1% could correctly answer the question about cardio-respiratory monitor could not reliably detect both central and obstructive apnea in infant. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0. 72 in 5 items which was about importance of disease and serf-evaluation in confidence. While more than 90% clinicians stated that "As a clinical disorder OSAHS is important or very, extremely important".However, among them, only about 36% felt confident in identifying or managing children with OSAHS.Total knowledge score about OSAHS was not different by gender or specialty ( P ＞ 0. 05 ), but more knowledge was associated with more positive attitudes overall ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) and more elder in age or longer years in practice (r = 0. 384, P ＜ 0. 0001 ). Conclusions It should be paid more effort to elevate the knowledge and attitude about pediatric OSAHS in pediatricians and otolaryngologists.

Here we discuss whether N terminal sequencing is appropriate as one of the conventional control methods for monoclonal antibody products. We determined the N terminal sequences of two monoclonal antibody products targeting two antigens separately with both Edman degradation and mass peptide spectrometry. We also identified the characteristic peptide fragments with mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we analyzed their heterogeneity with ion exchange chromatography, capillary zone electrophoresis and Imaged Capillary Isoelectric Focusing. Edman degradation method showed that the N terminal 15 amino acids of heavy and light chains of the two monoclonal antibodies were identical. Peptide mass spectrometry demonstrated that T1 peptide fragments of heavy and light chains of the two antibodies were also the same. But in contrast, peptide mapping and the three analytical methods for heterogeneity analysis could effectively identify and differentiate the two antibodies. The N terminal sequences of two monoclonal antibodies are identical because the number of framework sequences of humanized or human monoclonal antibodies is relatively limited, so whether N terminal sequencing analysis could be regulated as one of the practical control methods should be carefully discussed. Our work also proves that the above analytical methods could combinatorially applied to the identification of monoclonal antibody products, and are more objective compared to N terminal sequencing.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; Humans ; Isoelectric Focusing ; Mass Spectrometry ; Peptide Mapping ; Peptides ; Sequence Analysis, Protein ; methods

The modern literatures on the diseases treated with acupuncture at Shenmen (HT 7) were collected. Using literature statistical analysis in bibliometrics, the common compatibility of Shenmen (HT 7) and the disease spectrum were analyzed so as to provide the references of the diseases that can be treated with acupuncture at Shenmen (HT 7). It was found that 39 kinds of diseases and symptoms, mainly nerve system disedses, could be treated with acupuncture at Shenmen (HT 7), including insomnia, depression, anxiety and dementia. Shenmen (HT 7) was seldom used alone. Instead, it was commonly used along with Baihui (GV 20), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Neiguan (PC 6), Sishencong (EX-HN 1) and Taicong (LR 3).
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; statistics & numerical data ; Bibliometrics ; Humans

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the anti-tumor activities of WX-127-07,a new microtubule-tar-geting agent invitroand probe its molecular mechanism. METHODS The well-known microtubule-targe-ting anti-tumor drugs taxol,vincristine and anti-gout drug colchicine were used as positive controls. The anti-proliferation activity was examined in five different cell lines after treatment with WX-127-07(0.3 -300 nmol·L-1 )for 72 h by SRB assay. The cell cycle arrest profile was assayed by flow cytometry. The multiparameters of cytotoxicity,cell morphology,apoptosis and different signaling pathways related to tumorigenesis and inflammation were analyzed using the high content analysis platform. Tubulin tryptic digestion and competition inhibition assay for colchicine or vinblastine site were used to confirm the bind-ing site in microtubules at a molecular level. RESULTS All the tested compounds obviously inhibited the growth of A549,HepG2,HeLa,HLF and HUVEC cells. The lC50 values of WX-127-07 were 4.47±0.05, 5.18±0.08,4.90±0.19,4.10±0.16 and(5.04±0.08)nmol·L-1 respectively,lower than those of colchicine〔the lC50 values were 21. 17 ± 1. 22,14. 19 ± 0. 53,43. 80 ± 1. 64,145. 89 ± 10. 97 and( 27. 67 ± 1.79)nmol·L-1 ,respectively〕and those of vincristine〔the lC50 values were 16.51±0.36,16.76±0.33, 27.80±2.75,43.80±1.48 and(9.15±0.78)nmol·L-1 ,respectively〕,but were similar to or lower than those of taxol〔the lC50 values were 10. 68 ± 0. 61,12. 86 ± 0. 25,4. 81 ± 0. 61,102. 07 ± 15. 17 and( 3. 04 ± 0.12)nmol·L-1 ,respectively〕. High content multi-parameter analysis revealed that WX-127-07 induced a concentration-dependent microtubular depolymerization(P=0.0075)with the same pattern as colchicine and vincristine,but at a lower concentration. Both WX-127-07 and positive drugs could induce cell cycle arrest in A549 cells,increase nuclear membrane permeability and early signs of apoptosis in HepG2 cells,but neither cancer related pathways nor inflammation related pathways were affected. Microtubular competition inhibition assay showed that WX-127-07 inhibited the binding of colchicine with tubulin(P =0.0259). Tryptic digestion of tubulin-WX-127-07 premixture showed a similar electrophoretic band to that of tubulin-colchicine premixture. CONCLUSION WX-127-07 is a novel microtubule-depolymerizing agent with anti-proliferation activity and acting on the colchicine binding site.

Objective To analyze the differences of size and charge heterogeneities between origi-nal humanized anti-TNF-αantibody and four similar biotherapeutic products ( SBP ) .Methods The size exclusion chromatography ( SEC-HPLC ) and weak cation exchange chromatography ( WCX-HPLC ) were used to analyze the size and charge heterogeneities , respectively.Carboxypeptidase B (CpB) treatment was employed to analyze the source of charge heterogeneity of the antibody products .Results Four SBPs showed the same pattern with the originator in SEC-HPLC, and no significant difference with the percentage of mono-mer was observed .The percentages of the aggregates of SBP-3 and SBP-4 were a little higher than those of the originator .The charge distribution of SBPs was significantly different from the originator ′s, especially in the basic region .The results from the samples treated with CpB indicated that the difference of charge distri -bution in the basic region might be caused by the C-terminal lysine variants .Conclusion Four SBPs showed similar size heterogeneity with the originator , but significant differences with charge heterogeneity were observed among them .The study suggested that more attention should be paid to the charge heterogene -ity analysis of the biosimilar products .