One hundred and five patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome were followed up for 1 year.They were assigned to the event group or non-event group according to the presence of endpoint events(cardiac death and nonfatM myocardial infarction).B-type natriuretic peptide level was measured at 30 days and 1 year and compared between the two groups.The results showed that the level of B-type natriuretic peptide was higher in the event group[(235±107)μg/L vs(154±49)μg/L at 30 days;(259±100)μg/L vs(143±57)μg/L at 1 year].Thus,B-type natriuretic peptide is an important prognostic factor for patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome.

Objective To analysis the risk factors of cardiovascular events during periopemtive period undergoing hand surgery . Methods 197 cases of hand surgery in our hospital from 2009 to 2012 ,aged 21 to 74 years were selected .The general condition ,an-esthesia ,operative time and intraoperative hemodynamics (blood pressure> 20% ) were recorded ,postoperative follow-up and record the occurrence of cardiovascular events ,and factor analysis was carried on .Results In 48 hours ,23 patients were suffered from car-diovascular events ,and the total morbidity rate was 11 .7% ,in which sinus tachycardia was 3 case(1 .52% ) ,atrial fibrillation were 2 cases(1 .02% ) ,premature ventricular contractions were 4 cases(2 .03% ) ,the myocardial ischemia were 11 cases(5 .58% ) ,the angi-na pectoris were 3 cases(1 .52% ) ,the myocardial isehemia was 1case(0 .51% ) .Multiariable Logistic regression analysis showed that ,the influencing factors of perioperative cardiovascular events undergoing hand surgery were were diabetes mellitus (OR=2 .012 ,P=0 .023) ,coronary heart disease (OR=2 .301 ,P=0 .028) ,preoperative ST ischemic changes (OR=2 .942 ,P=0 .031) ,lip-id abnormalities(OR=3 .012 ,P=0 .019) and hemodynamics changes during operation(OR=3 .522 ,P=0 .020) .Conclusion The risk factors of perioperative cardiovascular events independent undergoing hand surgery might be diabetes ,coronary heart disease , preoperative ST ischemic changes ,intraoperative hemodynamic changes .

OBJECTIVETo observe interventional effects of anti-viral therapy and Compound Qin-gre Granule (CQG) on host cellular immune functions of acute virus infection patients.

METHODSThirty acute virus infection patients were recruited to detect peripheral lymphocyte subsets. They were randomly assigned to two groups, the Western medicine treatment group (treated with anti-virus Western medicine) and the integrative medicine treatment group (treated with anti-virus Western medicine plus CQG). T-cell subsets were re-examined 7 days later. Changes between before and after treatment were observed. Effect on host cellular immune functions and efficacy were compared between the Western medicine treatment and the integrative medicine treatment.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, the percentage of peripheral T cells increased, and the percentage of B/NK cells decreased in acute virus infection patients (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, in T cell subsets, the percentage of CD8+ T cells and CD8+ CD38+ T cells increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); and percentages of CD4+ T cells, CD4+ CD28 + T cells, and CD8+ CD28+ T cells decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). After one-week treatment, percentages of CD4+ T cells, CD4+ CD28+ T cells, and CD8+ CD28+ T cells increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), while the percentage of CD8+ CD38+ T cells decreased (P < 0.01). More significantly, these changes were greater in the integrative medicine treatment group than in the Western medicine treatment group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSDisarranged cellular immune functions existed in acute virus infection patients. CQG could significantly improve viral infection induced immunologic derangement and immunologic injury.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; Virus Diseases ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo observe preventive and therapeutic effect of Yifei Jianpi Recipe (YJR) on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) model rats and to explore its mechanism from the way of airway inflammation and airway mucus hypersecretion.

METHODSThe COPD rat model was established by using cigarette smoking combined with intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Male SD rats were randomly divided into the blank control group (control group), the model group, the YJR group, 6 in each group. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 0. 1 second (FEV0. 1), FEVO. 1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF) was tested by lung function device. Pathological changes of bronchi and lung tissues were observed by HE staining. Airway Goblet cells were observed using AB-PAS staining. Contents of IL-8, IL-17, and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Protein expressions of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), nuclear factor KB (NF-KB), mucin 5AC (Muc5AC), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in rat airway were detected by immunohistochemical assay. mRNA expressions of TLR4 and Muc5AC in bronchi and lung tissues were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT qPCR).

RESULTSChanges of bronchi and lung tissues in the model group rats were consistent with typical pathological manifestations of COPD. Compared with the model group, the degree of lung injury was significantly alleviated in the YJR group. Compared with the control group, FVC, FEV0. 1, FEVO. I/FVC, and PEF were decreased (P <0. 01), contents of IL-8, IL-17, and TNF-α in BALF were significantly increased (P <0. 01), protein expressions of ICAM-1, NF-KB, Muc5AC, and TLR4, mRNA expression levels of Muc5AC and TLR4 in bronchi and lung tissues were also significantly increased in the model group (P <0. 01). Compared with the model group, FVC, FEV0. 1, FEV0. 1/FVC, and PEF were significantly increased in the YJR group (P <0. 01, P <0. 05), but the rest indices were significantly lowered (P <0. 01, P <0. 05).

CONCLUSIONYJR could decrease contents of IL-8, IL-17, and TNF-α in BALF of COPD model rats, inhibit protein expression levels of ICAM-1, NF-κB, Muc5AC, and TLR4.in airway and lung tissues, thus playing preventive and therapeutic roles by reducing airway inflammation and airway mucus hypersecretion.

Animals ; Bronchi ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Inflammation ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-17 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-8 ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Lung ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Mucin 5AC ; metabolism ; Mucus ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; drug therapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective To observe the improvement effects of Qingshen Granule on the life quality of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with damp-heat syndrome. Methods The CKD patients with damp-heat syndrome were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The control group was treated with Western medicine, and the treatment group was treated with Qingshen Granules additionally for 12 weeks. SCr and eGFR were observed before and after treatment, and the life quality was investigated by KDQOL-SFTM1.3. Results Actually 156 cases were completed, including 77 cases in the treatment group and 79 cases in the control group. The total rate of curative effect was 81.82% (63/77) in teatment group, and (63.29%, 50/79) in control group, with significent difference (P<0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that gender, education level, TCM syndrome score, CKD stage, eGFR and Hb level could affect the life quality. The scores of KDQOL-SFTM and its containing the MOS item short from health survey (SF-36) and kidney disease targeted areas (KDTA) were significantly improved after treatment in experimental group (P<0.05), while the scores in control group were with no significant improvement. The improving effects of PCS, and SPL, SLEEP, PS in KDTA in treatment group were significantly superior to those in control group (P<0.05). The scores of life quality in effective and stable cases increased significantly after treatment compared with before treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Qingshen Granules can effectively improve the life quality of CKD patients with damp-heat syndrome, and the effect is not dependent on the improvement of laboratory indexes (renal function).

Objective To study the effect of zoledronate (ZOL) on Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase Ⅱ δ (CaMK Ⅱ δ) and down-stream gene expressions during osteoclast differentiation.Methods Mouse osteoclast precursors RAW264.7 cells were divided into the control group and ZOL group.The cells in both groups were induced with 50μg/L receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and were harvested on 5 d,while the cells in ZOL group were also simultaneously treated with 1 × 10-6 mol/L ZOL for 2 d.Five days later,the cells were harvested and examined osteoclastogenesis,as well as gene expressions of CaMK Ⅱ δ,nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1),tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cell-sarcoma receptor coactivator (c-Src).Results The number of TRAP positive multinuclear osteoclasts,number and size of dentin absorption lacunae and area in the ZOL group were (20.0±3.2),(18.0±4.2) and (6 335.3± 1 043.2)μm2 respectively,which were significantly lower than (36.0 ± 8.4),(37.2 ± 5.0) and (11 636.2 ± 3 661.1) μm2 in the control group and decreased by 44.4 ％,51.6 ％ and 45.6 ％ respectively (P＜0.01).ZOL also significantly inhibited the gene expressions of CaMK Ⅱ δ,NFATc1,TRAP and c-Src,and the mRNA levels of these genes were decreased by 44.1％,49.0％,53.8％ and 49.6％ respectively,the protein level were decreased by 43.5 ％,32.2 ％,45.5 ％ and 48.0 ％ respectively.The immunofluorescent cytochemistry detection results showed the fluorescence intensity of CaMK Ⅱ δ,NFATc1,TRAP and c-Srcin in the ZOL group was significantly weakened when compared with the control group.Conclusion ZOL could significantly inhibit the osteoclast formation and bone absorption function,and down-regulates gene expressions of CaMK Ⅱ δ,NFATc1,TRAP and c-Src in osteoclast differentiation.

A study was made on the pharmacokinetic regularity of effective components salvianolic acid B and ferulic acid in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (SMRR) and Chuanxiong Rhizoma(CR) in rats, so as to discuss the compatibility mechanism of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Chuanxiong Rhizoma. Rats were randomly divided into three groups and intravenously injected with 50 mg x kg(-1) salvianolic acid B for the single SMRR extracts group, 0.5 mg x kg(-1) ferulic acid for the single CR extracts group and 50 mg x kg(-1) salvianolic acid B + 0.5 mg x kg(-1) ferulic acid for the SMRR and CR combination group. The blood samples were collected at different time points and purified by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. With chloramphenicol as internal standard (IS), UPLC was adopted to determine concentrations of salvianolic acid B and ferulic acid. The pharmacokinetic parameters of salvianolic acid B and ferulic acid were calculated with WinNonlin 6.2 software and analyzed by SPSS 19.0 statistical software. The UPLC analysis method was adopted to determine salvianolic acid B and ferulic acid in rat plasma, including linear equation, stability, repeatability, precision and recovery. The established sample processing and analysis methods were stable and reliable, with significant differences in major pharmacokinetic parameters, e.g., area under the curve (AUC), mean residence time (MRT) and terminal half-life (t(1/2)). According to the experimental results, the combined application of SMRR and CR can significantly impact the pharmacokinetic process of their effective components in rats and promote the wide distribution, shorten the action time and prolong the in vivo action time of salvianolic acid B and increase the blood drug concentration and accelerate the clearance of ferulic acid in vivo.
Animals ; Apiaceae ; chemistry ; Benzofurans ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Coumaric Acids ; blood ; pharmacology ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

Objective To evaluate the effects of dezocine on diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP ) and expression of NMDA receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) in the spinal dorsal horns of rats .Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats , aged 4 weeks , weighing 150-170 g , with DNP induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ) 50 mg/kg (successful induction of diabetes was defined as blood glucose >16.7 mmol/L) , were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n=24 each) using a random number table:DNP group and dezocine group (group D) .Twenty-four normal rats were chosen and served as normal control group (group C) .In group D , dezocine 2.52 mg/kg was injected intramuscularly once a day for 7 consecutive days starting from 2nd week after STZ injection ,while the rats in DNP and C groups received the equal volume of normal saline .Paw withdrawl threshold (PWT) to mechanical stimulation was measured before dezocine injection (T0 ) ,and on 1st ,3rd ,5th and 7th days after dezocine injection (T1-4 ) and on 7th day after the end of dezocine injection (T5 ) .Twelve rats in each group were sacrificed after measurement of PWT at T4 ,and T5 .The lumbar segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of NR2B protein expression (by immuno-histochemistry and Western blot ) and NR2B mRNA expression (by RT-PCR ) in the spinal dorsal horns .Results Compared with group C ,the PWT at T0-5 in group DNP and at T0 and T5 in group D was significantly decreased , and the expression of NR2B protein and mRNA at T4 ,5 in DNP group and at T5 in D group was up-regulated ( P<0.05) .Compared with group DNP ,the PWT was significantly increased at T1-4 ,the expression of NR2B protein and mRNA was down-regulated at T4 ( P<0.05) ,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above at T5 in group D ( P>0.05) . The PWT was significantly lower at T0 and T5 ,and the expression of NR2B protein and mRNA was higher at T5 than at T4 in group D ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion Dezocine can effectively relieve DNP in rats and inhibition of NR2B expression in the spinal dorsal horns is involved in the mechanism .

Objective To investigate prognostic predictors of long-term survival of patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA), and to determine predictive value of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) in CA patients. Methods We recruited 102 consecutive CA cases and followed these patients for 5 years. We described their clinical characteristics at presentation and used a new, high-sensitivity assay to determine the concentration of cTnT in plasma samples from these patients. Results The patients with poor prognosis showed older age (56 ±12 years vs. 50 ±15 years, P=0.022), higher incidences of heart failure (36.92%vs. 16.22%, P=0.041), pericardial effusion (60.00%vs. 35.14%, P=0.023), greater thickness of interventricular septum (IVS) (15 ±4 mm vs. 13 ±4 mm, P=0.034), higher level of hs-cTnT (0.186 ±0.249 ng/mL vs. 0.044 ±0.055 ng/mL, P=0.001) and higher NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic pep-tide) levels (11,742 ± 10,464 pg/mL vs. 6,031 ± 7,458 pg/mL, P=0.006). At multivariate Cox regression analysis, heart failure (HR:1.78, 95%CI:1.09-2.92, P=0.021), greater wall thickness of IVS (HR:1.44, 95%CI:1.04-3.01, P=0.0375) and higher hs-cTnT level (HR:6.16, 95%CI:2.20-17.24, P=0.001) at enrollment emerged as independent predictors of all-cause mortality. Conclusions We showed that hs-cTnT is associated with a very ominous prognosis, and it is also the strongest predictor of all-cause mortality in multivariate analysis. Examination of hs-cTnT concentrations provides valuable prognostic information concerning long-term outcomes.

Althoughtheevidenceoftheevidence-basedmedicinehasshowedthatrecombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator can effectively open the occluded vessels, because of its short therapeutic time w indow and the risk of bleeding, the thrombolytic rate is general y low er currently. Clinical studies have show ed that telestroke can effectively shorten the treatment time of the patients, increase the thrombolytic rate, reduce the risk of bleeding, and improve the outcomes of patients. Although the application of telestroke is restricted in many w ays, such as technology, policy, and funding, w ith the grow ing maturity of the related technologies, telestroke w il play an increasingly important role in the treatment of stroke.