The best characterized methotrexate (MTX) transporter is the reduced folate carrier (RFC),whose gene polymorphism is one of the reasons causing MTX resistance. Based on the studies in rencent years,we have known that synthesis of mutant RFC or loss of RFC transcripts and proteins results in antifolate resistance due to incomplete inhibition of cellular enzyme targets and insufficient substrate for polyglutamate synthesis. So additional human RFC structural and mechanistic studies are absolutely essential. This paper summarizes an association between the polymorphisms of RFC and MTX resistance, which can provide a basis for clinical treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of controlled intensive blood pressure reduction on acute cerebral hemorrhage.Methods Eighty-eight patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage were divided into controlled blood pressure reduction group (controlled group,48 cases) and general blood pressure reduction group(general group,40 cases) by random number table method.Respectively given positive blood pressure reduction and according to the guidelines for treatment.The intracranial hematoma volume after admission,Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score,the United States national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) score,surgery rate within 24 h after admission and fatality rate within 30 d after admission in two groups were compared.Results The initial blood loss between two groups had no significant difference(P ＞0.05).The intracranial hematoma volume,growth rate of intracranial hematoma,intracranial hematoma enlargement ratio in controlled group on 24 h after admission were lower than those in general group,there were significant differences [(19.3 ± 11.6) ml vs.(30.5 ± 10.9) ml,(17.8 ± 12.7)％ vs.(37.1 ±25.7)％,16.7％ (8/48) vs.47.5％ (19/40)] (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).The GCS and NIHSS score between two groups on admission and 1,7,14 d after admission had no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).The surgery rate within 24 h after admission in controlled group was lower than that in general group [8.3％ (4/48) vs.25.0％ (10/40)],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).The fatality rate within 30 d after admission between two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Cerebral hemorrhage early control of blood pressure can not change its recent neural functional recovery and reduce the fatality rate,but may be significantly delayed hematoma enlargement and reduce the rate of surgery.

The breast cancer stem cell theory provides a theoretical basis for explaining phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of breast cancer. These breast cancer stem cells(CSCs)promote tumor growth and are closely related to breast cancer intrinsic drug resistance. Therefore,targeted therapy of breast CSCs has become a hot area in basic and clinical research. There is growing evidence that nanoparticles can kill cancer by targeting breast CSCs ,such as targeted tumor stem cell-specific expressed surface markers(AL-DH1,CD44,and CD90),tumor stem cell stemness-related NOTCH,Hedgehog and TGF-βsignaling pathways. In this review,we summarized the characteristics and research status of breast CSCs ,and the application of nanotechnology in the treatment of breast cancer.In addition,we also summarized the research status of epigenetic drugs aimed to restrain the reprogramming of breast cancer cells.

Objective To investigate a sonic wave device including micro-oscillator and microphone for real-time monitoring the situation of the esophageal motility of lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Methods A micro-oscillator that can actively send sound waves was located at one side of LES, and a microphone located at the other side can be to capture the sound generated from the oscillator. This device was tested in vitro by utilizing a LES simulator in quiet and noisy environment, as well as in vivo in a pilot model corresponding to moments A-D. Results In the in vitro test, the sound can be captured by the microphone, and its power strength was correlated with closing and opening of LES. The measurements showed statistically significant Pearson correlation coefficients. In the in vivo test, the LES was open and closed by an endoscope, which was monitored in real-time by another endoscope inserted into the distal stomach from the duodenum. The sound power strength corresponding to moments A-D were (-89.63 ± 0.79) dB, (-84.74 ± 0.97) dB, (-82.37 ± 1.93) dB and (-89.86 ± 0.75) dB. Conclusion The LES dynamics can be monitored by the acoustic interrogation device, which has the potential to become an effective minimally-invasive technique for studying LES dysfunction.

Objective To perform the research on the domestic hospital marketing. Methods Through deep discussion,data analysis and marketing survey,we conducted a research on the market positioning and marketing strategies for Shanghai Ruijin-Harvard Heart Center which is a Sino-foreign joint venture. Results The demand is much bigger than the current supply in the market for cardiovascular diseases.The establishment of the center meets the demands of the market. Conclusion The center will focus on the adult patients in Shanghai and Yangtze Delta,and combine the external,internal and interactive marketing strategies.It may provide some useful experience for the Chinese hospital management,especially for hospital marketing.

Objective: To observe the influence of radiofrequency catheter ablation of the fat pad at the right pulmonary veinatria junction (RPV fat pad) on Bezold-Jarisch reflex (BJR) induced by veratridine in canine. Methods: Ten mongrel dogs were anesthetized and their chest were opened through a right thoracotomy to expose the RPV fat pad. Veratridine was injected into the left ventricle at bolus doses of 10 μg/kg through a catheter to induce BJR. The sinus cycle length (SCL), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricle systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricle diastolic pressure (LVDP) and mean left ventricle pressure (MLVP) were measured under the baseline and after ablation of the RPV fat pad; the changes of the above parameters (ΔSCL, ΔSAP, ΔAP, ΔMAP, ΔLVSP, ΔLVDP, and ΔMLVP) were calculated. Then the same dose of veratridine was injected under the pad after ablation and the changes of the above parameters were observed. Results: BJR was successfully induced in the 8 animals; the animals has prolonged sinus cycle length (SCL) and decreased MAP and MLVP. After ablation, the prolongation of SCL after injection of veratridine was markedly reduced ([229.2±92.3] ms vs [39.3±14.1] ms,P<0.01). All the pressures were decreased after injection of veratridine, with significant decrease found only for DAP and MAP (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Ablation of the RPV fat pad can effectively attenuate the decrement of heart rate and the decrement of DAP and MAP during the BJR induced by veratridine, which provides a basis for the radiofrequency catheter ablation of vagus ganglions through endocardium.

Objective To study the antidepressant effect of Yiyukang and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods By using the mice forced-swimming models,mice tail suspension models and mice stereotyped behavior models,the antidepressant effect of Yiyukang and its mechanism were observed.Result In the mice forced-swimming test,the im- mobility-time was significantly reduced by high and medium dosage Yiyukang with the reduced rate being 21.65% and 24.84%(P＜0.01).The high dosage can also reduce the immobility time of tail-suspension mice with the rate of 29.58%(P＜0.01).Yiyukang can strengthen the mice head shaking behavior and had synergistic action with 5- HTP on reducing stereotyped behavior in mice.Conclusion Yiyukang has certain antidepressant effect,and the mecha- nism may be associated with promoting the actions of 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine in mice brain.

Objective To analyze the differentially expressed proteomics on T lymphocyte in mice immunized with 14‐3‐3 recom‐bined vaccine and injected with phosphate buffer solution (PBS) .Methods Mice immunized with 14‐3‐3 recombined vaccine were separated in the experiment group and those injected with PBS were selected in the control group .Two weeks after immunization with 14‐3‐3 recombined vaccine ,total protein of T lymphocyte isolated from the two groups was collected and separated by using the two dimensional electrophoresis(2‐DE) .The differentially expressed proteomics were compared .Results The 2‐DE map shown 11 differentially expressed protein plots ,including 7 protein plots spotted in the 2‐DE map of T lymphocyte from 14‐3‐3 recombined vaccine immunized‐mice and 4 protein plots spotted in the 2‐DE map of T lymphocyte from PBS injected‐mice .Conclusion There are differentially expressed proteomics of T lymphocyte in PBS injected‐mice and 14‐3‐3 recombined vaccine immunized‐mice ,which could contribute to clarifing the mechanism on protective immunity of 14‐3‐3 recombined vaccine and optimizing vaccine strategy for improving vaccine effect .

Objective To investigated the relationship between serum matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) and carotid atherosclerosis(AS) in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 93 patients with T2DM were recruited to our study.The intima-media thickness(IMT) and plaques of carotid artery were measured.These patients were divided into 3 groups according to their IMT values: diabetes mellitus(DM) group(n=32),carotid artery intima thicken group(n=31) and carotid artery intima plaque group(n=30).At the same time,30 healthy individuals were selected as control.Serum level of MMP-9 were determined and analyzed.Results The serum MMP-9 in DM group was significantly higher than that in healthy controls([550.26±269.28]μg/L vs.[359.70±215.62]μg/L,t=2.23,P＜0.05).The serum MMP-9 level of intima thicken group(712.15±340.47)μg/L was significantly higher than that in healthy controls(t=4.53,P＜0.01) and DM group(t=2.40,P＜0.05).The serum MMP-9 level of plaque group([889.08±247.80]μg/L) was even more significantly higher than DM group(t=4.89,P＜0.01),IMT group(t=2.53,P＜0.05) and healthy controls(t=7.01,P＜0.01).Conclusion The severity of carotid atherosclerosis in T2DM is closely associated with the serum MMP-9 level.

Objective To investigate the incidence, risk factors and drug-resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods Totally 171 patients with sepsis admitted in ICU were enrolled. Pathogenic bacteria culture and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed. SPSS10. 0 software was used for Logistic regression analysis of the risk factors. Results Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection was confirmed in 37 patients, and 45 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated. Logistic regression revealed that recent antibiotics use ( OR = 4. 291 , 95% CI: 1. 727-10. 662) , length of ICU stay (OR = 1.117, 95% CI: 1.058-1. 181) , mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.400, 95% CI: 1.348-8.579) and central venous catheterization (OR =3. 339, 95% CI: 1.322-8.434) were independent risk factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. The resistance rate of cefotaxime was the highest (68.9%) and 18 strains (40%) were multidrug-resistant. Conclusions Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is common in ICU and it is usually multidrug resistant. The rational use of antibiotics and aseptic technique of invasive catheterization are important for the prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.