MicroRNA (miRNAs) are endogenous,small and noncoding regulatory RNAs,which widely exist in eukaryotes.MiRNAs regulate the expression of target gene by translating inhibition or mRNA destabilization.MiRNAs have been recognized as a major regulatory fashion of post-transcriptional gene expression and play important roles in many cellular biological processes,including cellular proliferation,diffcrentiation,cell death.Alteration of expression and/or dysregulation of miRNAs are related to a wide variety of severe fundus diseases,such as diabetic retinopathy,age-related macular degeneration and retinoblastoma.This review aimed to provide a summary of the recent progress in the effect of miRNAs on fundus diseases.

The actuality of natural medicines in China,Europe,America,and Korea were explained, and analyzing existing problems of research and development of the natural medicines in China combing development trend of natural medicines,research trend,future direction,thought and methods for research of natural medicines were put forward in the paper.

Pain is one of important topics in Bioethics.Pain,which looks like a simple physical symptom,involves the crucial ethical value.In Western bioethics,pain has been discussed for some decades.However,pain still hasn't been emphasized as an important topic in Chinese Bioethics world.Therefore,from bioethical perspectives,this article attempts to study pain under four subtitles: the notion of pain;some bioethical debates about pain;narrative of pain and illness,and pain: a way to go further for Bioethics studies.

In modern world,bioethics has become an international social movement since its inception during the mid-twentieth century.In the practices of clinical bioethics,methodology is the most crucial issue concerned by western scholars.Briefly,the article introduces and analyzes the empirical approach in contemporary European world,as well as explains the interaction between bioethics and naturalism.Based on current development of mainstream ethics,the article also tries to answer the question about "is and ought" in the background of clinical practice.The research aims at providing the ideas and experiences for the development of Chinese clinical bioethics.

Objective:To study the cognitive features of text anxiety. Methods: The cognitive features of text anxiety were explored by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis on the basis of interview,questionnaire surveying and criterion.Results:There were 6 cognitive factors leading to test anxiety: self-test, worrying, magnifying conclusion, resistance, preparing, self-efficacy.Conclusion: The 6 factors of cognition about text are related to text anxiety

Objective: To explore the differences between the internal social adaptation and external social behaviors of freshmen. Methods: Make a survey of 198 freshmen on the internal adaptation and external by General Well-Being Schedule and Undergraduate Social Adaptation Questionnaires. Results:Freshmen' social adaptation mainly involves three factors: interpersonal communication, the state of campus life and performance of studies. The Cronbach alpha of 3 factors were 0.82, 0.87 and 0.90,and the re-test reliability was r=0.73 (P

Acrylonitrile ; toxicity ; Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Testis ; drug effects ; pathology

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; genetics ; Bone Marrow Diseases ; genetics ; pathology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency ; genetics ; pathology ; Glucose-6-Phosphatase ; genetics ; Humans ; Leukocyte Elastase ; genetics ; Lipomatosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Mutation ; Neutropenia ; congenital ; genetics ; Proteins ; genetics ; Transcription Factors ; genetics

BACKGROUND: Gallie, Brooks steel wire, and Halifax vertebral plate clamp are tools for internal fixation of atlas-axis joint. They can keep the flexion-extension stability of atlas-axis joint, but weaken the ability to against lateral bending and rotation. Magerl+Gallie implantation shows good biomechanics stability, but cannot well prevent axial dislocation. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the surgical technique from posterior approach for atlas, and explore the effect on biocompatibility and biomechanics of implants. RETRIEVAL STRATEGY: The articles related to atlas-axis joint dated between January 1970 and June 2007 were retrieved through Pubmed, PML, OVID and Wanfang database using of "atlas, axis, dislocation, fixation, posterior" and "atlas, dislocation, internal fixation, implant, posterior approach, biocompatibility, biomechanics" in Chinese. All collected articles were selected firstly and the articles related to implants, surgical skills, and biomechanics were selected. For articles in identical field, only those published in recently or in authoritative journals were selected. Repetitive articles and Meta analysis were excluded. 127 articles met the criteria and 30 of them were involved. LITERATURE EVALUATION: The articles involved were related to the surgical treatment of dislocation of atlas-axis joint. Of 30 articles, 3 were review articles, 3 were monographs, and the others were clinical or basic researches. DATA SYNTHESIS: ①Lateral mass and pedicle screw implantation techniques can achieve three-dimensional fixation. ②The screw entrance points of atlantoaxial pedicle screw implantation is higher than lateral mass technique, it is unnecessary to expose C1, posterior arch and other deep parts of anatomic structures. C2 nerve root and venous plexus are not separated completely, which reduce injury rate and blood loss. In addition, screw passage of pedicle screw is longer than Harms technique, so screw can completely contact with skeleton to enhance the fixation. CONCLUSION: Atlantoaxial fixation by posterior pedicle screw implantation shows good biomechanics and biocompatibility. It may become the optimal approach for atlantoaxial short segmental fixation.

Bone marrow mesenchyma stem cells are stem cells that occupy self-renewal and multiple differentiations into cells,which have been recognized as the optimal origin for liver cell.With an increasing number of studies addressing marrow mesenchyma stem cells,more attention has been drawn to treating liver disease using the stem cell and organ reconstruction,especially seeks for the appropriate in vitro induction system.This paper comprehensive summarized the differentiation characteristics of marrow mesenchyma stem cell under many kinds of micro environment,and explains the superiority,as well as existence question of each kind of induction condition.