Recent studies demonstrate that autistic spectrum disprders children have deficits in executive functiony, particularly the function referred response inhibition. The antisaccade task provides a new tool for direct evaluation of inhibitory function and a new way to explore the character of response inhibition in children with cognitive impairment. Researchers have used the technologies of eye movement to reveal the ability of oculomotor inhibition in children with autistic spectrum disprders, which is poorer than that of normal children.

Inflammation reaction and immune response are in-separable in the levels of system, tissue, cell and molecule. In-flammatory immune responses ( IIR) is proposed in this paper, which is defined a moderate or abnormal system responses of in-flammatory immune related cells in responding to the internal and external environment changes of body. It is described briefly that the research progresses of inflammatory immune cells ( e. g. , macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells and B cells, etc. ) and non-inflammatory immune cells ( e. g. , glial cells, endothe-lial cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, synovial cells and liver cells, etc. ) , and cytokines/receptor signal transduction in-volved in IIR. Moreover, the existing problems about regulating IIR drugs clinically are summarized. It is firstly put forward that soft regulation of inflammatory immune responses ( SRIIR) is a new direction of discovery and development of new drugs for the treatment of IIR related diseases.

The state of scale management,structure of hierarchy,professional institutions,educational system and degree,situation of academy and cost of medical education in developed countries was summarized in this article respectively to provide reference for our medical education reform.

Objective To compare the spray characteristics of domestic and foreign nasal spray delivery devices for live attenuated influenza vaccine(LAIV). Methods The particle size distribution(DV10,DV50 and DV90),the proportion of droplets smaller than 10 μm and Span of atomized particles of two brands of nasal spray delivery devices at home and abroad were measured by laser diffraction method,the spray pattern[maximum diameter(D_(max)),shortest diameter(D_(min))and ovality(D_(max)/D_(min))]and spray geometry(spray angle and width)were detected by Spray view,and the comparative analysis was performed. Results There was no significant difference in DV10,DV50,DV90 particle size distribution,proportion of droplets smaller than 10 μm and Span of atomized particles between the two kinds of domestic and foreign nasal spray delivery devices[F-values of Levene's test for equality of variances were 0. 622,0. 135,3. 067,0. 212 and 0. 058,P-values were0. 434,0. 714,0. 085,0. 647 and 0. 810,and significance(two-tailed)values of equal variances assumed were 0. 439,0. 228,0. 281,0. 539 and 0. 910,respectively];D_(max),D_(min)and ovality of the spray patterns showed no significant difference[F-values of Levene's test for equality of variances were 2. 102,2. 666 and 0. 514,P-values were 0. 158,0. 114 and0. 479,and significance(two-tailed)values of equal variances assumed were 0. 651,0. 407,and 0. 160,respectively];The geometric mean ratios of spray angle and width were 0. 92 and 0. 91,respectively,which ranged from 0. 90 to 1. 11.Conclusion Both the domestic and foreign nasal spray delivery devices meet the delivery requirement of the nasal spray LAIV,which can be used for the delivery of nasal spray vaccines and drugs.

Asia ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; epidemiology ; Prevalence

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers are promising therapeutic agents for patients with conventional therapy insensitive inflammatory diseases.Unfortunately,their use has been associated with an increased rate of malignancies,leukemia,psoriasis and other immune diseases. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA) is requiring stronger warnings in the prescribing information for TNF blockers. Healthcare Professionals should pay close attention to severe adverse effects of TNF blockers and drug safety.

The constitutional medical thoughts in Inner Canon of Huangdi is the foundation for TCM constitution theory, it discusses the influence of constitution on disease in detail. Constitution factors determine the disease onset or not; Constitution factors determine the tendency and character of disease. Constitution factors effect the changes of pathogenesis, the character of syndrome, the therapeutic principle and methods; Constitution factors effect the turnover and prognosis. Constitution therapies are profit to correct the partial body, preventing the development of disease and heal the disease.

Objective To investigate the effects of amino acid receptor antagonists in the treatment of vascular dementia after cerebral apoplexy in elder in the function of study and memory.Methods 68 elder patients(≥65 years older) with vascular dementia caused by stroke from August 2014 to December 2015 in tongde hospital of zhejiang province were selected and randomly divided into study group and control group , 34 cases in each group.The control group received the convention treatment and combined with compound haishe capsule three pills each time , three times/day,the study group received convention treatment and combined with memantine three weeks before 5-15 mg/day,fourth week 20 mg/day,two groups were treated for six months.Cerebrospinal fluid,hematological and clinical indexes were compared before and after treatment.Results Compared with before treatment, levels of SS and AVP of cerebrospinal fluid in two groups after treatment increased,levels of MMSE and HDS-R increased,scores of ADL decreased, levels of P300 in latency decreased and levels of P300 in amplitude increased,levels of VEGF and BDNF increased,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Compared with the control group,levels of SS and AVP in cerebrospinal fluid in the study group were higher,levels of MMSE and HDS-R were higher,scores of ADL were lower,levels of P300 in latency were lower and levels of P300 in amplitude were higher,and levels of VEGF and BDNF were higher,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Amino acid receptor antagonists can increase the ability of learning and memory in patients with senile vascular dementia after stroke, and it can improve the cerebrospinal fluid and blood indexes.

Objective:To compare the diagnostic accuracy of cerebral lacunae infarction by a dry laser printer and by a paper printer. Methods:The films of a dry laser printer(Konica Drypro 752) and a paper printer (Locus) on 100 patients were interpreted by three radiologists(with five years and above experience).The time interval was two weeks .Results:There was no significant difference between the dry laser printer and paper printer for cerebral lacunae infarction.Concusion:For cerebral lacunae infarction, images obtained from a dry laser printer are similar to those from a paper printer.Thus, the former printer can be used for cerebral lacunae infarction.

Age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) is one of the important eye diseases of the WHO present three big blindness, is one of the main blinding eye disease in people over the age of 50, people over the age of 65, about 2% of the disease caused by monocular blindness, as the population ages, AMD prevalence is increasing in our country. AMD with respect to its clinical manifestations can be divided into dry AMD and wet AMD, wet AMD is the most harmful for the vision of patients, at present there are many treatments for AMD ( mainly for wet age-related macular degeneration ) , mainly including laser treatment, drug therapy, surgical treatment, gene therapy, etc. The treatments of AMD would be illuminated in this article.