Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide.It is mainly caused by glaucomatous optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) loss,which leads to visual field loss and blindness.There are many risk factors other than intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation are thought to be responsible for RGCs damage induced by glaucoma,such as neurotrophic factors deprivation,excitotoxicity,oxidative stress and enhanced microglia activity,and these factors are essential for glaucomatous optic neuropathy,especially in normal tension glaucoma (NTG).Up to date,the major attempt of glaucoma therapy is to protect optic nerve function by lowering IOP through surgery and drugs.However,the therapies can not arrest RGCs damage although effectively lowing IOP in a number of patients.Novel study is turning to find and develop some new approaches to solve neuroprotection problem targeting to the pathogenic factors of glaucomatous optic neuropathy out of IOP.This review paper mainly focused on the neuroprotective therapies that are developed in the past few years.

Objective To investigate the relationship of the C-reactive protein (CRP) and metabolic syndrome.Methods The serum level of CRP was determined in 48 cases of obese children and 36 cases of healthy individuals.All children were 10 years old.The differences between the two groups and whether CRP was associated with metabolic syndrome were analyzed.Results The obese children had significant higher serum insulin,TG,TC,CRP,BMI,SBP and HOMA-IR [for respectively (16.1 ± 3.7) mU/L,(1.38 ± 0.29) mmol/L,(4.79 ± 0.88) mmol/L,(1.83 ± 0.89) mg/L,(28.7 ± 5.3) kg/m2,(129.4-11.3) mmHg,(3.81 ± 0.92)] than those of the normal controls [for respectively(10.4 ±2.8) mU/L,(0.75 ±0.12) mmol/L,(4.12 ± 0.65) mmol/L,(0.78 ± 0.22) mg/L,(22.4 ± 3.9)kg/m2,(117.2 ±8.9) mnHg,(2.37 ±0.78)] (t =7.727,12.260,3.846,6.912,6.012,5.349,7.568,all P ＜0.05).The results of correlation analysis showed that CRP had a positive correlation with serum insulin,TG,BMI,SBP and HOMA-IR (r=0.693,0.293,0.525,0.212,0.195,all P＜0.05),but not TC.Conclusion There are significant increases of serum CRP level in obese children,and the increased CRP was closely related with metabolic syndrome.

Objective To explore the role of growth hormone (GH),leptin (Lep),T3,T4,TSH in cord blood in intrauterine growth.Methods 120 healthy newborns (60 males,60 females) were enrolled in this study.The neonates were divided into AGA,LGA and SGA groups according to the relationship between birth weight and gestation.The head circumference,birth length,birth weight,body mass index,biparietal diameter,and placental weight,the levels of GH,Lep,T3,T4,TSH in the cord blood were measured.Results There were significantly statistical differ ences in growth indexs (all P ＜ 0.05),the levels of GH and TSH were significantly increased [(21.52 ± 2.13) ng/L vs (15.64 ± 1.28) ng/L ; (8.6 ± 0.67) mIU/L vs (3.34 ± 0.29) mIU/L,t =3.042,4.367,all P ＜ 0.05] and Lep,T3,T4 were significantly decreased in LGA group when compared with the AGA group [(7.53 ±0.81) g/L vs (9.55 ± 1.26) g/L; (1.25 ± 0.42) nmol/L vs (1.48 ± 0.37) nmol/L; (69.45 ± 10.07) nmol/L vs (76.68 ± 8.22) nmol/L; t =1.749,1.905,1.783,all P ＜ 0.05],the level of Lep in LGA group was significantly higer than that in AGA group [(14.61 ±2.05) g/L vs (9.55 ±1.26) g/L,t =3.064,P ＜0.05].And GH,Lep,T3,T4 were positively correlated with head circumference,birth length,birth weight,body mass index,biparietal diameter,and placental weight (all P ＜ 0.05).TSH was negatively correlated with growth indexs.Conclusion The levels of Lep,T3,T4,TSH in cord blood were associated with fetal growth and could be used as indicators of intrauterine growth.

AIM: To observe the recent curative effect of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) to patients with recurrent aphthous ulcer(RAU). METHODS: 60 patients with RAU were treated by locally spraying compound bFGF preparations composing of calculated quantity of bFGF, tinidazole and dicaine on the surface of ulcerations,?other?40?patients?were?treated?by?alternatively smearing Xi Leisan and Smecta on the surface of ulcerations as routine treatment group, tid, for 5 d. RESULTS: The improvement of three indexes including the size, the degree of ache and hyperemia of the ulcerations are greater in compound bFGF treatment group than those in routine treatment group (P

“金属材料与热处理技术”是首都医科大学假肢矫形工程专业本科生必修的专业基础课程。金属的晶体结构与滑移系的概念以及铁碳合金相图是“金属材料与热处理技术”教学中比较复杂的知识点。本文对此进行探讨，并提出一些解决方法。

Child ; Critical Illness ; classification ; Emergency Medical Services ; standards ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; standards ; Quality Assurance, Health Care ; Severity of Illness Index

Diplopia ; etiology ; Fracture Fixation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Humans ; Orbital Fractures ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Orbital Implants ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Magnitude and action ways of flow shear stress are important for the endothelialization of small diameter tissue-engineered vessels (TEV), and the TEV resistance ability to blood flow even decides the destiny of implantation. There are many studies on how to construct the TEV and improve anticoagulant ability of TEV after host cell implantation, but the effects of different flow shear stresses on the TEV endothelialization is rarely reported, which may be helpful for increasing the success rate of TEV implantation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of flow shear stresses in single level or stepwise increased on the endothelialization of small diameter TEV and to optimize the TEV in the aspects of shear stress magnitude and loading method. METHODS: The number, morphology and adhesion ability of endothelial cells on the inner wall of TEV were observed through silver nitrate and F-actin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Single-level shear stress at 2.5, 3.0 N/m2 for 2 hours removed almost all the endothelial cells seeded on the inner wall of TEV. In contrast, stepwise increased shear stress from 0.5 N/m2 to 3.0 N/m2 at an increase of 0.2 N/m2/2 hours maintained the integrity and oriented along the flow direction, and could induce stress fibers productionin endothelial cells. These results suggest that the stepwise increased flow shear stress can improve the endothelialization of TEV.

Venous thromboembolism, which is a common thrombotic disease, is prone to become a fatal pulmonary embolism due to the lack of existing treatments.Although the anticoagulant drugs are widely used, the disease relapses easily.In recent years, there are much progress in the formation of venous thrombosis and diagnosis, and antiplatelet agents may play a certain role in the prevention of venous thrombosis.These new developments provide a new train of thought that platelets play as a breakthrough to find more effective treatments.This article summarizes the progress in the diagnosis of venous thrombosis on platelets in recent years, which discusses whether antiplatelet strategies could be applied in venous thrombosis so as to provide reference for further research.

Objective To investigate the effect of Astragalus membranaceus on the antioxidant capacity and liver and kidney function in patients with chronic schizophrenia and metabolic syndrome.Methods 110 cases of patients with chronic schizophrenia and metabolic syndrome were selected as subjects.They were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group by random number table method.Both groups were treated with routine antipsychotic drugs, and the observation group were additionally treated with Astragalus injection, once per day.10~14 d as a course of treatment, they were treated for a total of 6 courses.The antioxidant capacity and the liver and kidney function were compared between the two groups.The mental symptoms was evaluated with the positive and negative symptoms scale(PANSS).Results After treatment, the antioxidant capacity of the two groups was significantly increased while MDA was significantly decreased, and the changes were more obvious in observation group than the control group.After treatment, indexes of liver and kidney function were significantly increased.Except BUN and SUA, the other indicators were better in the observation group than the control group(P<0.05).After treatment, PANSS score (61.4±7.8)in the control group was significantly higher than that of the observation group(54.5±8.2)(P<0.05).Conclusion Astragalus membranaceus can be used as an assisted drug for treating chronic schizophrenia and metabolic syndrome.It can effectively improve the antioxidant capacity, reduce the damage to liver and kidney function and improve symptoms of mental illness, so as to improve the quality of life.