Signaling pathways such as MAPK and P13K have been confirmed to be important in the mechanism of tumor genesis, development, prevention and treatment. Thyroid hormone (TH) and its receptor (TR) can affect the pathways resulting in inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis, thus they have gradually become the focus of recent research. However, numerous studies showed that TR gene mutation was often observed in a variety of cancers and resulted in the deregulation of TH/TR mediated downstream pathways, and TR gene mutation became an causative agent to activate downstream proto-oncogene. Recent studies showed that TH/TR might play a role in the regulation of β-catenin degradation, the knowledge of which allows us not only to further understand the function of TR gene in the inhibition of tumor development, but also provide a theoretical basis for the continuous activation of downstream proto-oncogene by TR mutation. To study the downstream pathway of TR gene could eventually guide the clinician and provide a new theoretical basis for cancer prevention and molecular target gene therapy.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the C161T polymorphisms in peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) gene and atherothrombotic infarction (ATI) in a Chinese Han population.Methods The patients with atherothrombotic infarction and controls,who without histories of stroke,transient ischemic attack and myocardial infarction were enrolled.Genotypes of the PPARγ C161T polymorphisms were determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.The frequencies of genotype and allele in patients with ATI and controls were compared.Results A total of 112 ATI patients and 112 controls were enrolled.There were no significant differences in the age (67.9± 11.73 years vs.66.5 ± 10.35 years; t =0.386,P =0.701) and the proportion of male (61.61％ vs.58.04％ ;x2 =0.297,P =0.586) in the ATI group and the control group.The proportions of hypertension (59.82％ vs.44.62％ ;x2 =5.171,P =0.023),type 2 diabetes mellitus (26.79％ vs.9.82％;x2 =10.778,P =0.001) in the ATI group were significantly higher than those in the control group.Body mass index (25.13±1.86 kg/m2 vs.24.11 ± 1.81 kg/m2; t =3.543,P=0.001),systolic pressure (158.84 ± 20.15 mm Hg vs.135.82 ± 19.58 mm Hg; t =7.350,P =0.000),diastolic pressure (76.90 ± 13.64 mm Hg vs.68.90 ± 8.52 mm Hg; t =4.374,P =0.000) and the level of fasting blood glucose (6.523 ± 2.831 mmol/L vs.5.706 ± 2.177 mmol/L; t =2.026,P =0.044) in the ATI group were significantly higher than those in the control group.The genotype frequencies of CC,CT and TT in the ATI group were 77.7％,17.0％ and 5.4％,respectively,and in the control group were 69.6％,22.3％ and 8.0％,respectively.There were no significant difference between the two groups (x2 =1.909,P =0.385).The allele frequencies of C and T in the ATI group were 86.2％ and 13.8％,respectively,and in the control group were 80.8％ and 19.2％,respectively.There were no significant difference between the two groups (x2 =2.331,P =0.127).Conclusions PPARγ C161T polymorphisms may be not associated with the onset of ATI in a Chinese Han population.

As a transmembrane protein, CD47 is widely distributed in a variety of cells. It can bind to signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) on macrophages and release inhibitory signals, thus avoiding phagocytosis of macrophages. In lymphoma cells, the expression of up-regulation of CD47 expression in lymphoma cells is one of the important mechanisms for inducing immune escape, and it is also a potential therapeutic target. This article reviews the research progress of CD47-induced immune escape, monoclonal antibodies targeting CD47 and cellular immunotherapy in the treatment of lymphoma.

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease of chil-dren in Zhongshancity from 2011 to 2015 and provide etiological evident for the prevention and control of Hand -Foot -Mouth Disease of children in Zhongshan city. Methods We analyzed the data of children with Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease in Zhongshan Boai 's Hospital from 2011 to 2015. The enterovirus nucleic acid of Hand-Foot-Mouth Diseaseof children were detected. Results Atotal of 31164 cases of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease were diagnosed in Zhongshan Boai′s Hospital during 2011-2015,the ratio of male to female was 1.62:1. Every year,the peak inci-dence of the disease is not the same. During 2011-2015,there were 10147 cases of Hand-Foot-Mouth Diseaseof children,among which,through viral nucleic acid EV71and CoxA16testing,2062 cases were positive and the positve rate was 20.32%. Pathogen of Hand-Foot-Mouth Diseasewas mainly based on EV71 in 2011,2012, 2013and2015,accounting for the total positive rate of 79.04%,72.46%,81.60%,73.73%respectively;Pathogen of Hand -Foot -Mouth Diseasewas mainly based on Cox16 in 2014,accounted for 54.47% of the total positive. In different years EV71 and CoxA16 positive rate was significant different.There were 1982 cases repeated Hand-Foot-MouthDiseaseinfectioins .Conclusion The incidence of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease of children is related to age , sex and season in Zhongshan city. It is mainly based on clinical diagnosis ,the preventive measures and the clinical recognition in time to provide help for the treatment and control of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease of children.

Leveraging the centralized drug purchase platform of medical institutions in Beijing, the study measured the drug price index (DPI) and the DDD price index from 2005 to 2013, and the outcomes indicate a drop of both the drug price index and the drug price index calculated by DDD.Despite such drops however, drug price drop by itself could not curb the constant rise of drug expenses and medical costs due to changes in the structure and interval of drug administration.

Objective To determine the treatment outcome and prognosis after resection of esophageal cancer.Methods 312 patients who developed recurrence after curative resection for squamous cell cancer of the thoracic esophagus were analyzed retrospectively.Results Recurrence was found after a mean period of 17.8 months(range 2～56 months).Recurrence pattern was catagorized into lymphatic,hematogerous,mixed and anastomotic.The number of patients in each recurrence group was 188,42,60,22.312 patients were enveloped into a noadjuant treatment group(NT,68),a radiotherapy alone group(RT,110),a chemotherapt group(CT,72) and a radiotherapy combined chemothepapy(CRT+CT,32).The 0.5-,1-,2-and 3-year overall survival rates for NT were 63.5%,35.2%,16.3% and 13.1%;For CT were 65.7%,52.3%,11.9% and 9.2%;For RT were 75.6%,49.2%,32.2% and 14.2%,respectively.Compared with CT there were significant differences in survival for patients receiving RT alone or combined with CT(P0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that depth of tumor invasion,lymph node metastasis,operative procedure and different regimens of therapy were significant prognostic factors.Conclusion Esophagectomy with cervical anastomasis is recommened for esophageal carcinoma,additional cervical lymphadenectomy is benefical in a few patients.Radiotherapy or combined with chemotherapy to be effective in prolonging the survival of patietns with recurrenes after esophageal resection for cancer.Investigation for more effective drugs and regimens of chemotherapy need to be taken.

Aim To study the effect of Astragalus injection on tumor growth inhibition of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell strain CNE2 xenograft in BALB/c nude mice,and explore the possible mechanisms.Methods CNE2 cells were injected subcutaneously into nude mice to establish model of transplanted tumor.Twenty one model nude mice were divided randomly into three groups treated with intraperitoneal injection,viz the model group given normal saline 10 ?l?(g?d)~-1,the positive control group given Cisplatin 30 mg?m~-2 every fourteen days and given normal saline sodium 10 ?l?(g?d)~-1 in other days,and the treatment group given Astragalus injection 10.40 mg?(g?d)~-1.The above administrations for groups lasted 4 weeks.The inhibitory effect of Astragalus injection on the growth of tumors in nude mice was observed,and the inhibitory rate and the relative tumor proliferation rate were calculated.The expression levels of p53 mRNA in tumor tissues were determined by FQ-PCR.Results After four weeks′treatment,the volumes of tumors in nude mice from the model group,the Cisplatin group,the Astragalus injection group were(1.51?0.25)cm~3,(0.91?0.35)cm~3 and(1.04?0.51)cm~3 respectively.Compared with the model group,the tumor volumes in the Cisplatin group and in the Astragalus injection group were smaller(P0.05).Conclusions The results suggest that Astragalus injection shows inhibitory effect on the growth of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell strain CNE2 xenograft in BALB/c nude mice,while it can not be claimed that Astragalus injection may affect the expression level of p53 mRNA in transplanted tumor tissue.

Female ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tracheotomy ; methods

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is characterized by heterogeneity with respect to morphology, immune phenotype, molecular pathogenesis, clinical presentation and prognosis. With the development of genome and transcriptome sequencing, DLBCL was classified as four subtypes (EZB, BN2, MCD, and N1) or five subtypes (C1-C5). The new molecular pathological typing has a deeper understanding of DLBCL from the levels of genes and molecules which makes the judgment of prognosis more accurate and specific, and it is conducive to the clinical screening of more accurate targeted therapy.

The microenvironment of lymphoma is an important factor affecting the development of lymphoma, which is involved in regulating the recognition and immune response of lymphoma cells by the immune system. In the era of immunotherapy of lymphoma, the state of microenvironment also affects the effect of monoclonal antibodies, small molecular compounds and other immune targeting drugs on lymphoma cells. Among them, microenvironment-related immune escape is one of the key factors leading to the failure of lymphoma treatment. This article reviews some microenvironment factors such as stromal immune cell subsets, vascular proliferation, hypoxia, immune checkpoint and the recent research progress of immune escape.