Objective To investigate the changes of transcranial Doppler (TCD) patterns and parameters in various intracranial hypertension.Methods Sixty rabbits were randomized into 3 groups:control group,the group of mild-to-moderate intracranial hypertension,the group of serious intracranial hypertension.Acute intracranial hypertension was induced by inflating the balloon inserted into the epidural space.Blood flow velocity was measured with TCD and intracranial pressure (ICP) as well as cerebral perfusion pressure(CPP) was measured.Mannitol was injected to the animals of intracranial hypertension,blood flow velocity and ICP was measured.ResultsTwo characteristic flow patterns vere observed in the group of mild-to-moderate intracranial hypertension:high resistance pattern,systolic flow.At the last stage of extreme intracranial hypertension in the group of serious intracranial hypertension Doppler sonograms showed three characteristic flow patterns in the following sequence:retrograde diastolic flow,very small systolic flow and zero flow.Multiform retrograde diastolic flows were related to the phases of brain death.Very small systolic flow showed three shapes:systolic-spike,small systolic triangular and small double peak.AftermedicinaltreatmentICPdecreasedinthethegroupofmild-to-moderateintracranial hypertension,blood flow velocity also increased.After the same treatment IC,P and blood flow velocity did not change in the group of serious intracranial hypertension.ConclusionsAnalysing patterns and parameters of TCD may be helpful for evaluating ICP indirectly as well as clinical experience.

Objective To explore the influence of situational teaching on the quality of humanistic care for college students of agedness service and managementin profession,and to search a practical teaching method which is appropriate for students of this profession. Methods Take the students of agedness service and managementin profession in our college as the research object,2013 grade as the control group and 2014 grade as the experimental group. During the training of gerontological nursing,the teaching method of the control group was mainly cases discussion,while the experimental group was mainly situational teaching.Using the Humanistic Care Nurses Quality Scale before and after the training compared and evaluated the influence of the situational teaching on the quality of humanistic care for college students of agedness service and managementin profession. Results There were no significant differences between the scores of the two groups before training in terms of humanistic care quality, concept, ability, knowledge, and perceived dimension (P>0.05). The respective scores of the observation group after training were 110.52 ± 9.40, 21.94±5.87, 23.39 ± 5.38, 23.06 ± 5.11, 27.42 ± 6.44, all higher than 88.24 ± 7.08, 16.62 ± 5.03, 16.91 ± 4.61, 17.06 ± 5.24, 18.38 ± 5.33 of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=-10.713 to-3.903, P<0.01). In addition, there was significant difference within the observation group before and after training (t =-0.550 to-0.232, P<0.05). Conclusions The situational teaching can improve the quality of humanistic care for college students of agedness service and managementin profession and it can be used as a practical teaching method.

Objective To explore the analgesic effect of dicaine combined with penetration en-hancer applied to venipuncture with venous indwelling needle. Methods 60 patients treated with selec-five operation under epidural anesthesia were divided into the control group and the experimental group with 30 patients in each group. The control group was treated with conventional method of venipuncture. The experimental group was externally applied with dicaine combined with penetration enhancer 50 min-utes before the venipuneture in basilic or cephalic vein. Local reactions were observed after venipuncture and the analgesic effects were evaluated with visual analogue scale(VAS 0～100 mm). Results The analgesic ef-fect in the experimental group was obviously better than that of the control group with a significantly lower VAS. The maintaince of analgesic time in the experimental group lasted above 90 minutes. Condusious The analgesic effect of dieaine combined with penetration enhancer can be approved with a very high analgesia rate, its onset time is much shorter than conventional method and maintenance time is much longer.

Objective: To explore the relationship between non-dipper pattern of blood pressure circadian rhythm and homocysteine (Hcy), carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A total of 240 T2DM patients including 139 male and 101 female were enrolled. According tonocturnal blood pressure falling rates, the patients were divided into 2 groups: Dipper group,n=80 and Non-dipper group,n=160; based on CAS condition, the patients were divided into another set of 2 groups: CAS group,n=119 and Non-CAS group,n=121. Blood levels of Hcy, carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and 24hSBP, dSBP, nSBP, 24hDBP, dDBP, nDBP were compared between 2 groups in each set; the risk factors of CAS were analyzed. Results: The following indexes were higher in Non-dipper group than Dipper group: Hcy by μmol/L (16.41.0±8.08 vs 12.55±4.07), CIMT by mm (1.00±0.59 vs 0.80±0.30), 24 hSBP by mmHg (138.7±19.2 vs 127.5±15.6), dSBP (139.4±19.2 vs 132.0±16.2), nSBP (136.4±20.0 vs 113.8±15.0), nDBP (74.0±12.0 vs 64.9±9.8), allP<0.01. Multi linear regression analysis indicated that Hcy (β=0.011,P<0.01), nSBP (β=0.021,P<0.01), nDBP (β=0.018,P<0.01) could affect blood pressure circadian rhythm. The following indexes were higher in CAS group than Non-CAS group: CIMT (1.18±0.65 vs 0.69±0.72), age by years (62.33±12.02 vs 59.17±10.80), 24 hSBP (138.2±18.2 vs 131.9±18.9), dSBP (139.5±18.4 vs 134.4±18.5), nSBP (133.9±20.7 vs 123.9±20.9) nDBP (73.3±12.8 vs 68.6±11.0),P<0.05 orP<0.01; while 2 indicators in CAS group were lower than Non-CAS group: SBPF (4.00±7.89 vs 7.66±7.36), DBPF (5.95±8.44 vs 10.19±8.67),P<0.01. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=2.204,P<0.05), nDBP (OR=2.357,P<0.05), SBPF (OR=2.562,P<0.01) were the risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis. Spearman correlation analysis presented that CIMT was positively related to age (0.195,P<0.05) and negatively related to SBPF (r=-0.191,P<0.01). Conclusion: T2DM patients with non-dipper pattern of blood pressure circadian rhythm were usually combining high blood level of Hcy, non-dipper pattern was the independent risk factor for CAS. Restoring blood pressure circadian rhythm is important to prevent atherosclerosis.

Objective To study the relationship between serum level of TNF-? and morphologic changes as well as related factors in 3 and 6 months of diabetic retinopathy rats. Methods This research successfully duplicated a model of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in rats and carried out morphologic observation of retina of diabetic rat when the disease lasted for 3 and 6 months. The serum level of TNF-? by ELISA together with related factors, such as blood glucose (BG)by oxidase method、glucosylated hemoglobin (GHbAlc) 、serum insulin (Ins) and c-peptide (C-P) by RIA were studied. Results In same duration,the levels of TNF-?、BG、GHbAlC in model groups were significantly higher than therapy groups (P

Objective To observe the effect of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction ( HJD) for the treatment of dyslipidemia, thus to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia with traditional Chinese medicine. Methods A total of 80 dyslipidemia patients were randomized into HJD group ( 50 cases) and simvastatin group ( 30 cases) . After treatment for 4 weeks, blood lipid levels, metabolic parameters and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were detected. Results (1) After treatment, HJD group and simvastatin group both had lower total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P<0.01 compared with those before treatment), and HJD group had higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol than that before treatment ( P<0.05), but the differences of TC, TG, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were insignificant between the two groups ( P>0.05). ( 2) After treatment, uric acid was reduced in HJD group ( P<0.05) , but fasting blood glucose only showed a decreasing trend and the other metabolic parameters stayed unchanged ( P>0.05). The inter-group comparison showed that HJD had lower blood glucose level than simvastatin group, and the difference had statisticall significance ( P<0.05). ( 3) During the treatment, the patients showed good compliance, and had no obvious hepatic or renal damage. Conclusion HJD could reduce TC, TG and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol of dyslipidemia patients, the effect being similar to simvastatin. HJD could also significantly reduce uric acid of dyslipidemia patients, showing good safety.

Objective To observe the relationship between psychological factor(anxiety and depression) and postpartum hemorrhage?mode and duration of labor. Methods Ninety two healthy nulliparas who had no gist of cesarean section were involved in our study. Their psychosis were evaluated with Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS),according to which they were divided into two groups:high-score group and low-score group.All women were not interfered during the courses of delivery. Mode, duration of labor and postpartum hemorrhage were observed. Results Among the 92 nulliparas observed, the spontaneous delivery rate was 86.96% (80 cases) and the postpartum hemorrhage rate was 10% (8 cases). The scores of SAS and SDS of the low educational level group, the spontaneous group or the non-hemorrhage group were significantly lower than those of the high educational level group, the dystocia group or the hemorrhage group respectively. Moreover, the duration of first and the second stage of the high SAS score group or the high SDS score group was significantly longer than that of the low SAS score group or the low SDS score group,P

Objective:To obtain the optimal conditions for separating catalpol from leaves of Rehmannia by selecting appropriate macroporous adsorption resins.Methods:The detection indication was the content of catalpol, which was determined by HPLC method. Twelve different kinds of macroporous adsorption resins were studied on the static capacity of adsorption and desorption, and H103 resin was selected for the research of separation and purification.Results:The H103 resin had a good capacity for adsorption and desorption.The best process of purifying catalpol by H103 resin was 1mg/ml concentration, the adsorption rate of 1-2 BV/h,the flow rate of 1-3 BV/h, and 8 BV with 10% alcohol.Conclusion:The method is simple and available, which can simplify the production process and lower costs.

BACKGROUND: The content of aluminium generally increases in the cerebral cells of patients with senile dementia. Aluminium poisoning in brain has inner link with senile dementia. Naloxone is the specific antagonist of opioid receptor, which can be applied in the treatment of senile dementia according to foreign reports.OBJECTIVE: To investigate protective effects of naloxone on aluminium trichloride-induced memory impairment of senescence-accelerated mice and its mechanism.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Jilin Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in Laboratory of Pharmacology of Jilin Medical College (formerly the Jilin Military Medical College) from February 2001 to February 2003. A total of 100 healthy adult Kunming mice were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, model group, naloxone 0.1 mg/kg group, naloxone 0.3 mg/kg group and naloxone 0.9 mg/kg group, with 20 in each group. Except the control group, subcutaneous injection with 70 mg/kg aluminium trichloride was given to the mouse in each group once a day for continuous 7 days; besides this, intraperitoneal injection with 0.1, 0.3, 0.9 mg/kg naloxone was given to the mouse in naloxone groups and the same amount of physiological saline was given to the mouse in the control group.METHODS: The methods of jumping stand and escaping dark were conducted to detect learning ability and memory of mice. Meanwhile, the content of malondialdhehyde in liver and mono-amine oxidase B in brain of mice were also detect.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Results of jumping stand experiment of aluminium trichloride-induced model of senescence. ② Results of escaping dark experiment of aluminium trichloride-induced model of senescence. ③ Comparison of malondialdhehyde and mono-amine oxidase B among each group.RESULTS: ① Results of jumping stand experiment of aluminium trichloride-induced model of senescence: Compared withmodel group, the frequency of electric shocks suffered by aluminium trichloride mice and the amount of suffered animals within 5 minutes significantly decreased in control group and naloxone 0.1, 0.3, 0.9 mg/kg groups. The experiment was repeated 24 hours later, naloxone could significantly prolong the latency of the mouse jumping down from the platform for the first time (P ＜ 0.01).Meanwhile, naloxone could decrease the amount and the frequency of mist&es of aluminium trichloride mouse within 3 minutes (P ＜ 0.01). ② Results of escaping dark experiment of aluminium trichloride-induced model of senescence: Compared with model group, the latency of aluminium trichloride mouse entering dark box was significantly prolonged and the frequency of electric shocks suffered by aluminium trichloride mice obviously increased in control group and naloxone 0.1, 0.3, 0.9 mg/kg groups (P＜0.01). ③ Comparison of malondialdhehyde and mono-amine oxidase B among each group: Malondialdhehyde was more in model group than in naloxone groups (P＜0.01). Mono-amine oxidase B was more in model group than in the other groups (P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Naloxone has protective effects on aluminium trichlorideinduced memory impairment of senescence-accelerated mice, which can improve learning ability and memory. The mechanism is probably relevant to the effects of decrease of mono-amine oxidase B and elimination of lipid peroxide.

OBJECTIVE:To study the percutaneous absorption of 0.03% Tacrolimus ointment,and to compare the difference of domestic test preparation and imported reference preparation. METHODS:Modified Franz diffusion cells were adopted in trans-dermal test in vitro;HPLC-MS method was used to determine permeation amount and rate in vitro,delay time of domestic test preparation and imported reference preparation 0.03%Tacrolimus ointment. RESULTS:24 h in vitro permeation amount of test and reference preparations were(3 907±1 191)and(3 896±1 064)ng/cm2;permeation rates were 186.7 and 182.9 ng/(cm2·h);de-lay time were 1.95 and 2.00 h,respectively(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Test preparation shows good percutaneous property,and is similar to reference preparation in penetration absorbency through nude mice skin.