Objective To discuss the influence of sample hemolysis on the biochemical testing results to provide the basis for the laboratory personnel and clinical doctors correctly analyzing the biochemical testing results of hemolytic samples .Methods Serum from non‐hemolytic samples was taken and performed the detection of 48 biochemical items .Then the sample was stirred for indu‐cing the mild ,moderate and severe hemolysis .Centrifugation was conducted at 3 000 r/min for 10 min .Finally the detections of the same biochemical testing items were performed again .The detection results of non‐hemolysis ,mild ,moderate and severe hemolysis samples were statistically analyzed .Results As compared with the non‐hemolytic samples ,the 16‐item detection results in the mild hemolysis samples showed statistically significant difference ,25‐item detection results in the moderate hemolysis samples showed statistically significant difference and 28‐item detection results in the severe hemolysis samples showed statistically significant difference (P<0 .05) ,respectively .Conclusion The sample hemolysis could produce the significant influence on the majority of bi‐ochemical testing items .Therefore ,the sample hemolysis is encountered and the detection results must be reported in the biochemi‐cal detection ,the clear indication should be given in the report for reminding the doctor and patient to arouse attention .The causes leading to the sample hemolysis should be analyzed for avoiding the occurrence of hemolysis phenomenon and ensuring the truthfull‐ness and accuracy of the detection results .

Objective To investigate the risk factors of pulmonary fungal infection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) .Methods 48 cases of patients with COPD complicated with pulmonary fungal infection in September 2011 to September 2014 in respiratory department of Shaoxing People’s hospital ( observation group) and 48 cases without pulmonary fungal infection of COPD of patients at the same period ( control group) were selected, clinical data of two groups were retrospectively analyzed.The age, sex, antibiotics and hormone usage, serum albumin, mechanical ventilation and complications (diabetes, respiratory failure, heart failure) were compared between two groups.Results The results of sputum culture in the observation group showed that the infection rate of Candida albicans infection was 17 (35.42%), Candida glabrata was 4 (8.33%), Candida tropicalis 3 (6.25%), Aspergillosis was 22 (45.83%) and concurrent infection was 2 (4.17%).The age and sex of the patients between two groups had no statistically significant difference, the levels of serum albumin in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group, combined with diabetes, type II respiratory failure and right heart failure of the patients were significantly higher than that of the control group(all P<0.05).The antibiotics use time, hormone use rate and rate of mechanical ventilation in the observation group were significantly better than that of control group, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, low serum albumin, long-term use of antibiotics, mechanical ventilation, combined with diabetes and type II respiratory failure were the independent risk factors of nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection in patients with COPD.Conclusion There are many risk factors in patients with COPD complicated with pulmonary fungal infection, low serum albumin levels, long-term use of antibiotics, mechanical ventilation, combined with diabetes and type II respiratory failure are major independent risk factors.It should take active prevention and cure measures in clinic to reduce the possibility of fungal infection.

Although the new methods and new ideas have been introduced into researches on modern syndromes, research levels of syndromes have continued to be broadened and deepened gradually. However, understanding of essential theories and general research methods have not yet achieved a broad consensus in TCM field. The phenomenon is caused by the systematic complex features of syndromes, which are difficult to be explained for a short while, and require progressive understanding and development. It is also related to the reason that current main stream researches on syndromes lack general overview and analysis. All of the above lead to the failure of efficient penetration of all syndrome researches and restrict synergetic development among these researches. This article summarized and analyzed the overview of key field of study on syndromes, and expounded their disadvantages and development suggestions, with purposes to improve future syndrome research field, enrich syndrome research methods, and promote necessary penetration of syndrome researches.

Objective: To explore relationship among serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy), interleukin (IL)-10, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and infarct volume in patients with acute cerebral infarction（CI）. Methods: A total of 125 acute CI patients were regard as acute CI group, and another 37 healthy subjects were enrolled as healthy control group. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to measure serum levels of Hcy, IL-10 and MMP-9 of subjects; according to infarct volume, acute CI patients were divided into small infarction group (≤5cm3, n=47), medium infarction group (5~15 cm3, n=41) and large infarction group (≥15cm3, n=37); changes of levels of Hcy, IL-10 and MMP-9 were compared among all groups. Results: Compared with healthy control group, there were significant increase in levels of MMP-9 and Hcy, and significant decrease in IL-10 level in acute CI group. Compared with small and medium infarction groups, there was significant increase in serum Hcy level [(16.11±3.5) μmol/L, (16.79±3.4) μmol/L vs. (18.5±4.2) μmol/L, P<0.01, P<0.05] in large infarction group； Compared with small infarction group, there was significant increase in serum MMP-9 level [(161±27) ng/ml vs. (238±26) ng/ml, (256±35) ng/ml, P<0.05, P<0.01]；Compared with small infarction and medium infarction groups, there were significant decrease in IL-10 level [(0.60±0.17) ng/ml vs. (0.59±0.15) ng/ml, (0.31±0.12) ng/ml, P<0.01 both] in large infarction groups. Conclusion: Serum levels of homocysteine, interleukin-10 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 are related to onset of acute cerebral infarction, and may reflect risk degree of cerebral infarction.

Objective To evaluate the treatment effect of balloon kyphoplasty (Pkp) and Sky expander kyphoplasty (Sky) on vertebral compression fracture, and provide a theoretical basis for clinical application. Methods The database of Ovid medline, PubMed, Web of science, EMbase and CNKI from Jan. 1995 to Oct. 2012 were retrieved with computer, and relevant journals were manually retrieved, for the collection of the literature of therapeutic studies on treatment of vertebral compression fracture with Pkp and Sky method. The literature collected was then selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and analyzed by Metaanalysis software RevMan 5.0.25. Results A total of 4 papers were selected based on that criterion, including 146 cases of Pkp group and 83 cases of Sky group. Random effect model analysis showed no significant difference existed between the two groups regarding postoperative anterior height and column height of vertebral body, Cobb angle and pain relieve (SMD=0.50, 95%CI -0.27-1.27; SMD=0.33, 95%CI -0.11-0.77; SMD=0.46, 95%CI -0.74-1.66; SMD=-0.09, 95%CI -0.37-0.18). However, the subgroup analysis showed the effect of Sky was better than that of Pkp on restoring anterior height and column height of vertebral body and Cobb angle. Conclusion No significant difference was found regarding the treatment effect between Pkp and Sky method in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture, but the clinical effect of Sky was better because of fewer complications and lower medical cost.

Objective:To explore the application and efficiency of unilateral vertebral plate decompresaion,interbody fusion and pedicle screw fixation in treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Methods1From Feb. 2006 to Feb. 2008,24 patients underwent unilateral vertebral plate decompression,interbody fusion and pedicle screw fixation. The patients were followed up for one year and the following data were recorded:operation time,estimated blood loss,duration of hospital-stay,short-term and medium-term clinical outcome. Results1 All patients had their low back pain and/or lower extremity radicular pain improved during the one year follow-up. The last follow-up showed that the numbers of patients with Oswestry Disability Index( ODI) P0-PS were 5 , 11, 6, 2,0, and 0, respectively. The clinical outcomes determined by modified JOA criteria showed that 18 patients had excellent outcomes,4 had good outcomes,and 2 had fair outcomea,with the excellent and good outcomes occupying 91. 67%. Conclusion1 The unilateral fixation can be used in patients with lumbar disc herniations who need lumbar spinal fusion. The medium-term outcomes is satisfactory.

Objective: To study on in vitro release of tetanus toxoid contained in polylactide microsp heres and the influence of additives on the drug release. Methods: Some parameters affecting the rate of release were asse ssed during the in vitro experiments lasted 84 days: (1)the molecular mass of the poly mers , (2)the protein loading of the microspheres, (3)the particle sizes, (4)co-enca p sulation of additives. Results: The polylactide microspheres con taining tetanus toxoid presented considerable sustained release effect. Release kinetics of the microspheres fitted in with zero order equations. The rate of release was shown to dep end on the four parameters mentioned above. Conclusion: The poly lactide microsph eres investigated may be prospective for the development of controlled release v accines.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expressions ofβ-catenin and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta(GSK-3β) proteins in the gastric carcinomas and to elucidate their clinical significance.Methods The expressions of β-catenin and GSK3-β proteins were analyzed with immunohistochemistry staining of gastric tissue array in the normal gastric mucosa (n =48),paracancerous tissues ( n =24),and primary cancer tissues ( n =48).ResultsThe positive expression rate ofβ-catenin and GSK-3β in gastric carcinomas was 66.7％ and 35.4％,respectively,and β-catenin protein expression in carcinomas was higher than normal and paracancerous tissues ( x2 =65.455,P ＜ 0.05 ).The expression of β-catenin was correlated with cell differential degree,pTNM stage,histological type,lymph node memtastasis,and nerve invasion,respectively ( x2 =4.713,8.242,13.662,11.658,4.550,P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ).The positive expression rate of GSK3βin carcinomas was lower than normal and paracancerous tissues ( x2 =26.968,P ＜ 0.05).The expression of GSK-3β was correlated with cell differential degree,histological type,and lymph node metastasis,respectively (x2 =3.868,9.665,9.872,P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ).The expression of β-catenin was negatively correlated with the expression of GSK-3βprotein in the gastric carcinoma tissues ( r =-0.493,P =0.001 ).ConclusionsGSK3-β and β-catenin might play important roles in the progression,differentiation,infiltration,lymph node metastasis of gastric carcinoma,and might be the indicators for diagnosis of a gastric carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the incidence, risk factors and drug-resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods Totally 171 patients with sepsis admitted in ICU were enrolled. Pathogenic bacteria culture and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed. SPSS10. 0 software was used for Logistic regression analysis of the risk factors. Results Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection was confirmed in 37 patients, and 45 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated. Logistic regression revealed that recent antibiotics use ( OR = 4. 291 , 95% CI: 1. 727-10. 662) , length of ICU stay (OR = 1.117, 95% CI: 1.058-1. 181) , mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.400, 95% CI: 1.348-8.579) and central venous catheterization (OR =3. 339, 95% CI: 1.322-8.434) were independent risk factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. The resistance rate of cefotaxime was the highest (68.9%) and 18 strains (40%) were multidrug-resistant. Conclusions Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is common in ICU and it is usually multidrug resistant. The rational use of antibiotics and aseptic technique of invasive catheterization are important for the prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.25.018