In this paper, a segmentation method, supervised FCM, is used to segment multi-spectrum MR imaging. The qualitative evaluation of human brain can be provided by the results for diagnostics. It can improve the results using FCM.

Switching Mechanism At 5′ end of the RNA Transcript(SMART)is a technology used in biology researching,So far,there is no review only about SMART technology.So,the aim is to investigate the research developments of principles,methods and applications of the SMART technology.Based on some researches and combined with the review of the related literature at home and abroad,it analyzed and evaluated the latest development of the research on SMART.As the applications of the SMART technology expand in many fields day after day,it has been proved that the SMART technology is a very useful and efficient skill to construct full length cDNA library.As more and more researchers know this technology,the advantages of the SMART technology become obvious,and meanwhile the disadvantages of the SMART technology also show up.That is to say,the technology needed to be improved.

Objective To investigation the clinical characteristics in myasthenia gravis (MG)patients with thymomas.Methods A total of 856 MG patients admitted to the department during 2008.7-2010.12 were reviewed retrospectively.The patients with MG were divided into two groups based on thymic pathology,which were 162 cases with thymoma and 694 cases without thymoma.We compared the different clinical features including the gender,age of onset,MG symptoms and the incidence rate of myasthenia crisis.And the relationship between the WHO types,Maosaoka stages of thymoma and the severe of MG was also studied.Results The percentage of thymoma-associated MG patients was 18.9 percent of hospitalized MG patients at the same period.Of the 162 thymoma-associated patients,94 were male and 68 were female,with a ratio of 1.38∶1 and a mean age of (42.9 ± 12.4)years old.Thymoma was more frequent in middle-old aged patients than in children.Compared with non-thymoma MG,more thymomatous patients showed generalised MG,but not only ocular muscles weakness (90.1％ vs 62.4％,P ＜ 0.001 ).There were significant differences of the incidence rate of myasthenic crisis in the two groups ( 14.8％ vs 2.3％ ).(2)WHO type B2 and Maosaoka Ⅰ,Ⅱ thymoma were the commonest types among all potentially MG-associated thymoma.No differences of Osserman MG classification was found in thymomatous patients with different pathologic changes.Conclusions The thymomatous MG patients had its distinctive clinical features:thymomas occured in about 19.7％ of MG patients with more men than women,more common in generalized,higher incidence of myasthenia crisis,with B2 type thymic pathology and Maosaoka Ⅰ,Ⅱstages.No correlation was found between pathologic and clinical stagcs.

Aim To explore the apoptotic effect of mimics of manganese superoxide dismutase(MnSODm)on human leukemia cell line K562 in vitro and the possible molecular mechanisms.Methods Human leukemia K562 cells were used as the target cells.The cell proliferating activity was examined by a MTT colorimetric assay,and the apoptosis of K562 cells was assessed with FITC-Annexin V and propidium iodide(PI)double staining and morphological changes.The expressions of bcl-2 and bax mRNA were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and flow cytometry(FCM)was employed to measure the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax protein,mitochondrial inner membrane potential(??m),Cytochrome C(Cyt C)release and Caspase-3 activity.Results The proliferation of K562 cells was obviously inhibited by 0.5~10 mg?L-1 MnSODm(P

AIMTo explore the effect of sodium 4',7-bihydroxylisoflavone-sulfonate (SBIS) on gastric motility in rats and to analyse its mechanisms.

METHODSUsing intraperitoneal (ip) injection and intracerebroventriular (icv) microinjection of drugs and recording the frequency and amplitude of contraction of gastric motility.

RESULTS(1) The injection (ip) of different doses of SBIS could decrease the amplitude of gastric motility, but it wasn't a dose-dependent effect. SBIS also had no effect on the frequency of contraction. (2) The ip injection of naloxone reversed the inhibitory effect of SBIS on the amplitude of gastric contraction. (3) The effect of SBIS could be increased by the ip injection of propranolol and be reversed by the ip injection of phentolamine. (4) After the ip injection of atropine, the effect of SBIS on gastric motility had not been changed remarkably. (5) Different doses of SBIS had been microinjected (icy), but only the small dose decreased the amplitude of gastric motility and also the frequency of contraction had not been markedly changed.

CONCLUSIONBoth the i.p. and icv injection of SBIS can inhibit the gastric motility. Its effect can be achieved at least not only by endogenous opioid peptide and its receptors, but also adrenergic neuron and its alpha-receptors. Adrenergic neuron and its beta-receptors are also involved in the modulating effect of SBIS.

Epithelial architecture is formed in tissues and organs when groups of epithelial cells are organized into polarized structures.The epithelial function as well as signaling across the epithelial layer is organized by polarity proteins.Epithelial polarity complexes form and regulate epithelial integrity.Polarity proteins establish and maintain cell polarity,regulate tight junctions and adherens junctions.Polarity proteins act as neoplasms suppressors in mammals and interact with oncogenes,disrupt cell polarity,induce tumorigenesis.Therefore,polarity mechanisms of epithelial cell could therapeutic targets for clinical therapy.

A retrospective study of endocrine dysfunction in 65 patients with Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) was conducted. Before surgical operation, most patients with RCC had various degrees of pituitary dysfunction.Impaired gonadotropin secretion and prolactinemia were the prevalent abnormalities. Erectile dysfunction or diminished libido in male and menstrual disorder or galactorrhea in female were frequently seen. The panhypopituitarism appeared in a few patients with RCC. The patients would benefit by surgical removal, however,attention should be paid to avoid new damage of the pituitary gland during operation.

ObjectiveTo explore the early diagnostic value of pro-adrenomedullin (pro-ADM) in sepsis. Methods A prospective study was conducted. Eighty-two patients with acute infection admitted to Department of Emergency of Shanxi Medical University Second Hospital from April 2013 to March 2014 were enrolled. According to the diagnostic criteria of sepsis, the patients with acute infection were divided into ordinary infection group [infection without systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS),n = 25] and sepsis group (infection combined with SIRS, n = 57). According to degree of severity of sepsis, the latter group was subdivided into three subgroups: sepsis group (n = 22), severe sepsis group (n = 27) and septic shock group (n = 8). Twenty-four healthy persons were included to serve as healthy control group. The venous blood from all the research objects in hospital was collected within 24 hours. The levels of pro-ADM and procalcitonin ( PCT ) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHEⅡ) score was recorded. The relationship between pro-ADM and PCT and also APACHEⅡ score was analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis. The receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) of pro-ADM and PCT were used to evaluate the diagnostic acuity of sepsis.Results The plasma levels of pro-ADM, PCT and APACHEⅡ score in sepsis group were significantly higher than those in ordinary infection group and healthy control group [pro-ADM (ng/L): 66.69±1.73 vs. 53.43±2.70, 45.87±1.43; PCT (ng/L):1 336.49±40.26 vs. 1 083.09±47.99, 959.04±37.53; APACHEⅡ score: 14.60±0.81 vs. 8.10±1.14, 3.00±1.15,allP< 0.01]. With the aggravation of sepsis, the levels of pro-ADM, PCT and APACHEⅡ score were gradually increased, and there were significant differences among sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock groups [pro-ADM (ng/L): 64.91±2.50, 73.56±2.80, 84.67±4.52; PCT (ng/L): 1 152.65±48.62, 1 233.93±63.06, 1 475.71±109.93;APACHEⅡ score: 12.91±1.15, 14.55±1.14, 19.37±2.40,P< 0.05 orP< 0.01]. Pearson correlation analysis results showed that the level of pro-ADM was positively related with PCT (r = 0.473,P = 0.006), and it was also positively correlated with APACHEⅡ score (r = 0.707,P = 0.008). ROC curve analysis showed that area under the ROC curve (AUC) of pro-ADM for diagnosis of sepsis was 0.823 (P = 0.003). When the cutoff value was 59.40 ng/L, the sensitivity was 80.7%, the specificity was 68.0%, the positive predictive value was 85.2%, and the negative predictive value was 60.7%. AUC of the PCT for diagnosis of sepsis was 0.653 (P = 0.043). When the cutoff value was 1 194.67 ng/L, the sensitivity was 68.4%, the specificity was 64.0%, the positive predictive value was 81.8%, and the negative predictive value was 44.7%. It was proved that the pro-ADM had a higher diagnostic value for sepsis than PCT.Conclusion The plasma levels of pro-ADM can be used as an early indicator in diagnosis and severity evaluation and prognosis in patients with sepsis .

Objective To retrospectively analyze the treatment outcomes and failure patterns in patients with head?and?neck cancer of unknown primary head?and?neck cancer of unknown primary, and to compare the efficacy between elective mucosal irradiation and ipsilateral neck treatment. Methods The clinical data of patients with head?and?neck cancer of unknown primary who were admitted from January 2007 to December 2013 were retrospectively collected. Thirty?one patients received elective pharyngeal mucosal irradiation and 61 patients only received ipsilateral neck treatment. The SPSS 19. 0 software was used for comparison of the survival and local control between the two groups. Results In the 92 patients, the median age was 57 years;79. 3% had metastasis to level Ⅱ lymph nodes;the median follow?up time was 36. 5 months;the 3?year overall survival, mucosal control, and neck control rates were 89. 0%, 86. 6%, and 82. 4%, respectively. Primary sites were found in 15 patients, containing nasopharynx in 4 patients, oropharynx in 3 patients, oral cavity in 3 patients, throat and hypopharyngeal part in 3 patients, maxillary sinus in 1 patient, and esophagus in 1 patient. The patients undergoing elective pharyngeal mucosal irradiation had significantly higher 3?year mucosal control and neck control rates than those undergoing ipsilateral neck treatment ( 100% vs. 74. 9%, P= 0. 040;87. 5% vs. 62. 2%, P= 0. 037 ) . There was no difference in the 3?year overall survival rate between the two groups ( 83. 5% vs. 88. 7%, P= 0. 910 ) . Conclusions For patients with head?and?neck cancer of unknown primary, elective pharyngeal mucosal irradiation can reduce the incidence of primary site and increase the neck control rate. A new standard for target volume delineation should be established as soon as possible for elective prophylactic pharyngeal mucosal irradiation.

Objective To screen and identify International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health (ICF) core sets for spasticity and make a dedicated and comprehensive assessment tool for spasticity after stroke.MethodsFifty patients with spasticity after stroke were involved in this study.Information about them was collected by clinical investigation and self-completed questionnaires.The ICF scale was used to assess the severity of each item.Each item's frequency was calculated and those items with frequencies ≥ 30％ were selected as the first ICF core set for spasticity.The ICF check list was designed as a questionnaire and 8 doctors and 5 therapists were consulted.Items with frequency ≥50％ were chosen as the second level ICF core set for spasticity.The two results (termed ICF core sets Ⅰ and Ⅱ) were integrated with the initial ICF core sets for spasticity and sent to 42 experts in the area of neurological rehabilitation.Items with a frequency ≥80％ were chosen as the final ICF core set for spasticity.ResultsA total of 32 ICF items were included in the ICF core set for spasticity after stroke.There were 10body function items,4 body structure items,13 activity and participation items and 5 environmental items involved.ConclusionThe ICF core set for spasticity was identified in this study.The selected items covered content broader than other common spasm assessment scales.The result is a comprehensive description of spasticity.