?Color vision has been an important part of the human visual function.It is determined by the phytochrome of cone.In many clinical cases of ocular fundus diseases, patients had color vision loss, which shows that color visions tests is necessary and meaningful.At present, doctors have not paid attention to it and adopt the tests rarely. The article summarizes the tests of color in common use and applications on the diagnosis and treatment for common ocular fundus diseases to be a theory basis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of pretreatment with nerve growth factor-beta (NGF-β) on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts by comparing it with NGF-β preconditioning.Methods Pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-300 g,aged 8-10 weeks,were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10％ chloral hydrate 300 mg/kg.Their hearts were excised and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with KH solution aerated with 95％ O2 and 5％ CO2 at 37℃.Twenty-four isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:I/R group,NGF-β pretreatment group (group NGFPt) and NGF-β preconditioning group (group NGFPc).The hearts were perfused with K-H solution for 10 min (equilibration) in each group.In group I/R,the hearts were continuously perfused with K-H solution for 30 min.The hearts were continuously perfused with K-H solution containing NGF 0.1 μg/ml for 20 min before ischemia in group NGF-Pt.The hearts were continuously perfused with K-H solution containing NGF 0.1 μg/ml for 20 min followed by 10 min washout before ischemia in group NGFPc.The perfusion was suspended for 30 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion with K-H solution in each group.HR,left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP),left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and + dp/dtmax were measured at the end of 10 min equilibration (baseline,T1),immediately before suspension of perfusion (T2),and at 5,30,60 and 120 min of reperfusion (T3-6).The activities of creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in coronary effluent were measured at T1 and T3-6.Myocardial specimens were obtained at T6 for detection of myocardial apoptosis (by TUNEL) and for microscopic examination.Apoptotic index (AI) was calculated.Results Compared with the baseline value at T1,+ dp/dtmax was significantly decreased,and LVEDP and activities of CK-MB and LDH were increased at T3-6 in each group,LVDP and HR were decreased at T3-6 in group I/R,LVDP was decreased at T3,4 in group NGFPt and at T3-6 in group NGFPc,and HR was increased at T2-6 in NGFPt and NGF Pc groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group I/R,LVDP,+ dp/dtmax and HR were significantly increased and LVEDP and activities of CK-MB and LDH and AI were decreased in NGFPt and NGFPc groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group NGFPc,LVDP,+ dp/dtmax and HR were significantly increased,while the LDH activity and AI were decreased (P ＜ 0.05) and no significant changes were found in LVEDP and CK-MB activity in group NGFPt (P ＞ 0.05).The pathologic changes of myocardium were significantly reduced in NGFPt and NGFPc groups as compared with I/R group.Conclusion Pretreatment with 0.1 μg/ml NGF-β attenuates I/R injury in isloated rat hearts,and the efficacy is superior to that of NGF-β preconditioning.

0.05). The production of TNF-? in LPS group was higher than that in control group (61 ng/L vs 156 ng/L, q=5.12, P

Objectves To investigate the effectiveness and safety of bronchoalveolar lavage for the treatment of neonatal pulmonary atelectasis under ultrasound monitoring.Methods Thirty-two neonates diagnosed with pulmonary atelectasis by lung ultrasound,and hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Bayi Children's Hospital,the General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army between July 2014 and June 2016,were included in this study.Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in all the patients by injection of lavage fluid (0.9％ NaC1 or 0.9％ NaCl plus ambroxol hydrochloride and/or exogenous pulmonary surfactant) 1.5 to 3.0 ml via tracheal intubation.Lung ultrasonography was performed immediately after each lavage to reveal the status of lung recruitment.Repeated lavage one to three times made up of one course of treatment.The bronchoalveolar lavage could be performed for one to two courses daily according to the status of atelectasis recovery.Medical records were reviewed to analyze descriptively the effectiveness,side effects and complications of the bronchoalveolar lavage.Results Bronchoalveolar lavage was significantly effective in 25 patients (78.1％) with disappearance of pulmonary atelectasis after one course of treatment;effective in five cases (15.6％) with disappearance or reduction of atelectasis after two or three courses;with a total effectiveness rate of 93.8％(30/32).Bronchoalveolar lavage was ineffective in two cases (6.2％) with no remarkable change in atelectasis after three courses of treatment.Vital signs were stable in all the infants during the bronchoalveolar lavage,and no adverse effects and complications occurred.Conclusions Bronchoalveolar lavage is effective for the treatment of neonatal pulmonary atelectasis under ultrasound monitoring,and it is easy to operate and with no adverse effects and complications,and thus worth of clinical application.

Objective To investigate the effects of preconditioning with different concentrations of nerve growth factor (NGF)-β on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts.Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-300 g,aged 8-10 weeks,were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10％ chloral hydrate 300 mg/kg and heparin 500 IU/kg.Their hearts were excised and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution oxygenated with 95％ O2-5％ CO2 at 37 ℃.After 10 min of stabilization,the isolated hearts were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8 each): I/R group and different concentrations of NGF-β groups (groups N1-N3).In group I/R,the hearts were continuously perfused with K-H solution for 30 min,perfusion was suspended for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion.In groups N1-N3,the hearts were continuously perfused with K-H solution containing NGF-β0.1,0.2 and 0.4 ng/ml,respectively,for 20 min,followed by 10 min washout,and perfusion was suspended for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion.HR,Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LV-EDP),left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and + dp/dtmax were measured at the end of 10 min stabilization (baseline,T1),immediately before suspension of perfusion (T2),and at 5,30,60 and 120 min of reperfusion (T3-6).The activities of creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the coronary effluent were measured at T1 and T3-T6.Myocardial tissues were obtained at T6 for detection of apoptosis (by TUNEL) and for microscopic examination.Apoptotic index (AI) was calculated.Results Compared with the baseline value at T1,LVDP and + dp/dtmax were significantly decreased,and LVEDP and activities of LDH and CK-MB were significantly increased at T3-T6 in each group,HR was significantly decreased in groups I/R,N2 and N3,while HR was significantly increased in group N1 (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group I/R,LVDP,+ dp/dtmax and HR were significantly increased,LVEDP,activities of LDH and CK-MB and AI were significantly decreased in group N1,LVDP,+ dp/dtmax and HR were significantly decreased,and activities of LDH and CK-MB were significantly increased in group N2,and LVDP,+ dp/dtmax and HR were significantly decreased,and LVEDP,activities of LDH and CK-MB and Al were significantly increased in group N3 (P ＜ 0.05).LVDP,+ dp/dtmax and HR were significantly lower,and LVEDP,activities of LDH and CK-MB and AI were significantly higher in groups N2 and N3 than in group N1,and in group N3 than in group N2 (P ＜ 0.05).The pathologic changes were reduced in group N1 compared with I/R,N2 and N3 groups.Conclusion Preconditioning with the optimum concentration of NGF-β can at-tenuate I/R injury in isolated rat hearts,however,the injury can be aggravated when the concentration is too large,and inhibition of apoptosis in myocardial cells is involved in the mechanism of myocardial protection.

This study examined the effect of astilbin on the proliferation of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) induced by angiotensin II (AngII) and explored the possible mechanisms. Cell proliferation model of RASMCs was induced by treatmente with AngII. Cells were randomly divided to 8 groups. Normally cultured VSMCs serves as blank control group; in AngII model group, cells were treated with AngII at 10(-7) mol/L; in three astilbin groups, cells were treated with 10, 15, 30 mg/L of astilbin; in three AngII+astilbin groups, cells were treated with AngII (at 10(-7) mol/L) and astilbin at 10, 15, 30 mg/L. Cell proliferation ability was detected by MTT method and the cell cycles and proliferation index were flow cytometrically determined. The expression of c-myc mRNA was assessed by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the expression of NF-κB in RASMCs was immunocytochemically observed. Our results showed that MTT metabolism in RASMCs in the basic and AngII stimulated situation was inhibited by astilbin, and the cells numbers of G(0)/G(1) phase were increased and that of G(2)/S phase were decreased markedly. Not only highly expression of c-myc gene stimulated by AngII could be inhibited by Astilbin significantly, but also the expression of NF-κB protein can be down regulated by Astilbin. We are led to conclude that astilbin astilbin can inhibit the AngII-mediated proliferation of RASMCs by blocking the transition of RASMCs from G(0)/G(1) phase to S phase and by down-regulating the expression of NF-κB, c-myc gene.

There were 48 strains of bacilli obtained from 20 Chinese traditional medicines. Twenty-five strains had antagonistic effect against at least one of ten plant pathogens. Seven strains had antibiosis to more than four pathogens and the best strain had antibiosis to nine pathogens. After physiological and biochemical experiments,eight strains of 25 antagonistic bacilli were proved to be Bacillus subtilis,three were Bacillus cereus,one were Bacillus natto and one were Bacillus licheniformis. At the same time,two kinds of Chinese traditional medicines,which probably had antibacterial effect,were found.

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on genu recurvatum after stroke. Methods 80 stroke patients with genu recurvatum were randomly assigned to treatment group (n=40) and control group (n=40). The control group accepted routine rehabilitation, and the treatment group accepted electroacupuncture at Yanglingquan (GB34), Futu (ST32), Weizhong (BL40), Chengshan (BL57) and Zusanli (ST36) in addition, for 30 days. The incidence of effectiveness was compared between groups. All the patients were assessed with range of motion (ROM) of knee and Fugl-Meyer Assessment of lower limbs (FMA) before and after treatment. Results The incidence of effectiveness was 72.5% in the treatment group, which was more than 55% in the control group (P<0.05). The ROM and score of FMA improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The electroacupuncture can promote the recovery of genu recurvatum after stroke.

Background::Visual inputs are critical for locomotor navigation and sensorimotor integration in the elderly; however, the mechanism needs to be explored intensively. The present study assessed the gait pattern after cataract surgery to investigate the effects of visual restoration on locomotion.Methods::The prospective study recruited 32 patients (70.1 ± 5.2 years) with bilateral age-related cataracts in the Department of Ophthalmology at Peking University Third Hospital from October 2016 to December 2019. The temporal-spatial gait parameters and kinematic parameters were measured by the Footscan system and inertial measurement units. Paired t-test was employed to compare data normally distributed and Wilcoxon rank-sum test for non-normally distributed. Results::After visual restoration, the walking speed increased by 9.3% (1.19 ± 0.40 m/s vs. 1.09 ± 0.34 m/s, P=0.008) and exhibited an efficient gait pattern with significant decrease in gait cycle (1.02 ± 0.08 s vs. 1.04 ± 0.07 s, P=0.012), stance time (0.66 ± 0.06 s vs. 0.68 ± 0.06 s, P=0.045), and single support time (0.36 ± 0.03 s vs. 0.37 ± 0.02 s, P=0.011). High amplitude of joint motion was detected in the sagittal plane in the left hip (37.6° ± 5.3° vs. 35.5° ± 6.2°, P=0.014), left thigh (38.0° ± 5.2° vs. 36.4° ± 5.8°, P=0.026), left shank (71.9° ± 5.7° vs. 70.1° ± 5.6°, P=0.031), and right knee (59.1° ± 4.8° vs. 56.4° ± 4.8°, P=0.001). The motor symmetry of thigh improved from 8.35 ± 5.30% to 6.30 ± 4.73% ( P=0.042). Conclusions::The accelerated gait in response to visual restoration is characterized by decreased stance time and increased range of joint motion. Training programs for improving muscle strength of lower extremities might be helpful to facilitate the adaptation to these changes in gait.

This study is to establish the methods for determination of iridoid glycosides and triterpenic acids in Corni Fructus and provide technical support for the quality control of Corni Fructus. Morroniside, loganin and sweroside were determined by HPLC-UV method with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase, and the detective wavelength was set at 240 nm. Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid were determined by HPLC-ELSD method with methanol-0.5% ammonium acetate (87:13) as the mobile phase. The results showed that the linear ranges of morroniside, loganin and sweroside were 5.335-213.4 mg · L(-1) (r = 0.9999), 5.515-220.6 mg · L(-1) (r = 1.0000), 1.992-79.68 mg · L(-1) (r = 1.0000), respectively. The average recoveries of the above three iridoid glycosides were 98.49%-99.28% with RSDs of recoveries being less than 2%. The linear ranges of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid were 7.74-154.8 mg · L(-1) (r = 0.9964), 10.82-216.4 mg · L(-1) (r = 0.9996), respectively. The average recoveries of the above two triterpenic acids were 98.11%-99.27% with RSDs of recoveries being less than 3%. The method established in this research is simple, rapid and reliable, and can be used for quality control of Corni Fructus. Furthermore, the research provided experimental data for the improvement of present quality standard of Corni Fructus, which has important significance to guarantee its quality and clinical curative effect.
Cornus ; chemistry ; Drug Stability ; Oleanolic Acid ; analysis ; Quality Control ; Triterpenes ; analysis