Pain is one of important topics in Bioethics.Pain,which looks like a simple physical symptom,involves the crucial ethical value.In Western bioethics,pain has been discussed for some decades.However,pain still hasn't been emphasized as an important topic in Chinese Bioethics world.Therefore,from bioethical perspectives,this article attempts to study pain under four subtitles: the notion of pain;some bioethical debates about pain;narrative of pain and illness,and pain: a way to go further for Bioethics studies.

In modern world,bioethics has become an international social movement since its inception during the mid-twentieth century.In the practices of clinical bioethics,methodology is the most crucial issue concerned by western scholars.Briefly,the article introduces and analyzes the empirical approach in contemporary European world,as well as explains the interaction between bioethics and naturalism.Based on current development of mainstream ethics,the article also tries to answer the question about "is and ought" in the background of clinical practice.The research aims at providing the ideas and experiences for the development of Chinese clinical bioethics.

The actuality of natural medicines in China,Europe,America,and Korea were explained, and analyzing existing problems of research and development of the natural medicines in China combing development trend of natural medicines,research trend,future direction,thought and methods for research of natural medicines were put forward in the paper.

MicroRNA (miRNAs) are endogenous,small and noncoding regulatory RNAs,which widely exist in eukaryotes.MiRNAs regulate the expression of target gene by translating inhibition or mRNA destabilization.MiRNAs have been recognized as a major regulatory fashion of post-transcriptional gene expression and play important roles in many cellular biological processes,including cellular proliferation,diffcrentiation,cell death.Alteration of expression and/or dysregulation of miRNAs are related to a wide variety of severe fundus diseases,such as diabetic retinopathy,age-related macular degeneration and retinoblastoma.This review aimed to provide a summary of the recent progress in the effect of miRNAs on fundus diseases.

Objective: To explore the differences between the internal social adaptation and external social behaviors of freshmen. Methods: Make a survey of 198 freshmen on the internal adaptation and external by General Well-Being Schedule and Undergraduate Social Adaptation Questionnaires. Results:Freshmen' social adaptation mainly involves three factors: interpersonal communication, the state of campus life and performance of studies. The Cronbach alpha of 3 factors were 0.82, 0.87 and 0.90,and the re-test reliability was r=0.73 (P

Objective:To study the cognitive features of text anxiety. Methods: The cognitive features of text anxiety were explored by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis on the basis of interview,questionnaire surveying and criterion.Results:There were 6 cognitive factors leading to test anxiety: self-test, worrying, magnifying conclusion, resistance, preparing, self-efficacy.Conclusion: The 6 factors of cognition about text are related to text anxiety

Acrylonitrile ; toxicity ; Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Testis ; drug effects ; pathology

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; genetics ; Bone Marrow Diseases ; genetics ; pathology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency ; genetics ; pathology ; Glucose-6-Phosphatase ; genetics ; Humans ; Leukocyte Elastase ; genetics ; Lipomatosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Mutation ; Neutropenia ; congenital ; genetics ; Proteins ; genetics ; Transcription Factors ; genetics

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of red peony root decoction (RPRD) on model rats with acute pancreatitis (AP),and the effect on the expression of NF-κB,TNF-α and IL-6.Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal control group (group A),AP model groups (group B,24 h; group C,72 h) and RPRD treatment groups (group D,24 h; group E,72 h).There were 8 rats in each group.The AP models were induced by intraperitoneally injecting with L-arginine.After the model was established,rats of group B and group C were treated with intra-gastric instillation of NS,and rats in group D and group E with RPRD.At 24 and 72 hours after induction of AP,rats in each group were sacrificed and blood samples were taken for the measurement of serum amylase,TNF-α and IL-6.The expression of NF-κB p65 protein in the pancreas were detected by Western Blot,and pathological status of the pancreas were analyzed.Results The serum amylase level in group B and group D was significantly higher than that in group A (P＜0.05),and the level in group D was obviously lower than that in group B (P＜0.05).The serum amylase level in group C and group E was decreased,and there was no difference between group A (P＞0.05).The pathological severity and pathological scores of the pancreas in group D and group E were more lighter than those in group B and group C (P＜0.05).The level of serum TNF-α and IL-6 was significantly decreased in RPRD treatment groups (P＜0.05),group D compared with group B,[ (12.54±2.12)pg/ml,(552.88±81.27)pg/ml] vs.[ (20.53±4.16)pg/ml,(1255.75± 118.82)pg/ml]; group E compared with group C,[ (11.01 ±2.02)pg/ml,(582.87± 88.86) pg/ml] vs [ (23.85 ± 5.59) pg/ml,(1366.33 ± 163.16) pg/ml].The expression levels of NF-κBp65 protein in the pancreas of group D and group E were significantly lighter than those in group C at both time points (group D compared with group B,(0.07±0.055) vs (0.71 ±0.029),P＜0.05; group E compared with group C,(0.15±0.038) vs (0.65±0.026).Conclusion RPRD may alleviate the pathologic changes in AP

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of Radix Paeoniae Rubra decoction (RPRD) on a-cute pancreatitis (AP) in rats, and to study effects of RPRD on the expression of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-6. Method Forty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were, randomly divided into five groups: normal control group (group A), AP model groups (group B, 24 h; group C,72 h) and RPRD treatment groups (group D, 24 h;group E,72 h).There were 8 rats in each group. The AP models were induced by intraperitoneally injecting with L-arginine. After the model was estabhshed, rats of group B and group C were treated with inn'a-gastric instillation of NS, and rats in group D and group E with RPRD. At 24 and 72 hours after induction of AP, rats in each group were sacri-riced and blood samples were taken for the measurement of serum amylase. The expression of NF-κB 1065 protein and TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in the pancreas was detected by Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR, re-spectively, and the pathological status of the pancreas was analyzed. Results The serum amylase level in group B and group D was obviously increased at 24 hours, and were significantly higher than that in group A (P < 0.05) ; the level in group D was lower thaa that in group B (P < 0.05). the level reduced at 72 hours, and there was no difference between group E and group C (P > 0.05). The pathological severity and the pathological score of pan-creatic tissue in group D and group E at 24 hours and 72 hours were more hghter than those in group B and hours C (P < 0. 05). The expression levels of NF-κB p65 protein (Western blotting) in the pancreas of group D and group E were significantly lighter than those in group B and group C at both time points (group D compared with group B, (0.07 ± 0.006) vs. (0.71 ± 0.029), P < 0.05;group D compared with B, (0.07 ± 0.006) vs. (0.71 ±0.029), P <0.05; group E compared with C, 0.18±0.014 vs. 0.65±0.026, P <0.05). The results of real-time quantitative PCR shown that the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in model treatment group were significantly stronger than that in RPRD group at the two time points (P < 0.05). Conclusions RPRD is effective for the treatment of AP rats to inhibit the activity of NF-κB. Inhibition of NF-κB offers a promising strategy to treat AP by down-regulating eytokine expression.