Megaureter was put forward firstly by Caulk in 1923.The common causes of children obstructive megeureter have been divided into congenital(congenital ureteral stricture,congenital lower segment ureteral valve,no performance of ureteral distal and ectopic ureter openings),and secondary (urethral valve disease,ureter cyst and polyp,neurogenic bladder and iatrogenic traumatic).Now commonly used surgical treatments has approved by bladder ureter bladder reimplantation,the bladder ureter bladder reimplantation,bladder disc ureteral reimplantation,etc.This paper summarizes the research progress of obstructive megaureter.

Objective To explore the incidence of nosocomial pulmonary infection in elderly patients with cerebral infarction and its prognosis.Methods Six hundred and sixty-nine patients with cerebral infarction were divided into elderly group (384 cases,≥75 years) and control group (285 cases,40-74 years).Logistic regression analysis was used to research the risk factors for pulmonary infection.According to in-hospital heart disease,neurological damage and hospital death,the prognosis of patients in elderly group was analyzed.Results The proportion of female patients,and patients with hypertension,atrial fibrillation and congetive heart disease in elderly group was significantly higher than that in control group,the incidence of patients with nosocomial pulmonary infection was significantly higher than that in control group,the proportion of patients with smoking and diabetes was lower than that in control group,there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).The proportion of patients with high cholesterol,ischemic heart disease,peripheral arterial disease between 2 groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes and smoking were independent risk factors for nosocomial pulmonary infection (P ＜ 0.05).The proportion of patients with the United States National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) score 11-15 scores in elderly group was higher than that in control group[33.59％(129/384) vs.25.96％(74/285)],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05),but the proportion of patients with other NIHSS score had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The proportion of patients with cardioembolism in elderly group was higher than that in control group (x2 =4.38,P ＜ 0.05),the proportion of patients with large artery atherosclerosis was lower than that in control group (x2 =4.57,P ＜ 0.05).The complication rate of in-hospital heart disease,the proportion of patients with severe nerve dysfunction (modified Rankin score ≥ 2 scores) and hospital mortality in elderly group was significantly higher than that in control group,there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Nosocomial pulmonary infection is more common in elderly patients with cerebral infarction,and prognosis may be even worse.Prevention and control of pulmonary infection is very important for elderly patients with cerebral infarction.

Nowadays more and more evidences suggest that glycemic management of the patients in intensive care units needs to be individualized.We should pay more attention to the diabetes history in these patients besides the primary diseases.A brief literature review and a commentary about this topic were presented in this article.

Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Translations

High salt intake over four months caused high blood viscosity as well as hypertension in rats, reflected by the obvious increases of blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and hematocrit, and the decrease of erythrocyte sedimentation rate. With some vicious circle resulted from certain blood viscous factors in circulatory (especially in microcirculatory) system the high blood viscosity might relate to chronic sodium chloride toxicity and easily induce hypertension.

Objective To evaluate the CT features of solitary inflammatory nodules of the lung. Methods CT features in twenty-three cases of solitary inflammatory nodules of the lung confirmed by operation or clinical were analyzed retrospectively. Spiral CT including plainscans and contrast enhanced scans was done in all patients. Thin-slice target scan and multiple plane reconstruction were used on the area of nodule. Different width and level of window were used to show the characteristic sign of the nodule.Results No calcification,satellite lesion,concentrated vessels and enlarged lymph nodes were found in or around all of the nodules. The size of these nodules were 10 mm?15 mm～30 mm?40 mm with round or irregular margin. Superficial lobular or spiculated margin was seen in only three nodules. Hyperemia and clouding appearance were found in 19 nodules and reflecting thickening pleura in 18 nodules. Unsteady edge enhancement were found in 18 nodules and no enhancement in 5 nodules. Effused change around the nodules could be seen perfectly when the level was about -400. MPR was the most accurate technique to show the relationship of nodule and pleura. Conclusion Solitary inflammatory nodules of the lung have obvious CT characterizes. By analyzing various CT manifestations comprehensively most nodules can be diagnosed correctly. Suitable width and level of window as well as MPR are helpful in showing the characterizes of the nodules.

Objective To analyze the characteristic of articles,authors and citations in Journal of Clincal Neurology from 2005 to 2007. Methods The data about articles,authors and citations in Journal of Clincal Neurology from 2005 to 2007 were analysed by bibliometrics method.Results There were 674 papers published in Journal of Clincal Neurology during the 3 years. The average number of articles per isseu was 37.4. The average number of article per paper was 0.47.The papers with funded projects were 142( 21.1%).The authors distributed in 28 mainland provinces,municipality cities and autonomous region. And main of them came from Jiangsu,Shandong,Shanghai and Beijing,and 93.1% of them shared with co-author. The coporation rate was 4.1. The ratio of the papers with citation was 86.6%,and 97% of all the citations came from journals. The average number of citation per paper were 8.6 items. The Price's indicator was 43.7%. Conclusion Journal of Clincal Neurology is an academic journal of higher quality,with stronger influence in field of clincal neurology.

Objective:To construct the recombinant adenovirus expressing human mdr1 gene.Methods:The cDNA of mdr1 gene was subcloned into the shuttle plasmid pAdTrack-CMV and then clone the homologous recombinant adenovirus genomic plasmid pAdEasy in bacteria.We tranfected the DNA of identified recombinant plasmid into 293 cells via liposome,and then did the package and amplification of adenovirus.The mononuclear cells of mouse were infected with Ad5-mdr1 and the target gene was determined by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry.Results:Restriction endonuclease and PCR analysis confirmed that the recombinant adenovirus vector of mdr1 gene was successfully constructed.The titer of the recombinant adenovirus was 8.3?1011pfu/ml,and the infection efficiency to the mononuclear cell achieve 10%~15%.The expression of mdr1 gene was observed at 48h after the transfection of the mononuclearcell with Ad5-mdr1.Conclusion:The recombinant adenovirus expressing mdr1 gene was successfully constructed,which paves the way for the following studies related to mdr1.

OBJECTIVE:To establish an LC-MS method for the determination of nimesulide in human plasma. METHODS:The separation was performed on Agilent Zorbox SB-Cl8 column,using acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid (65 ∶ 35) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1. The column temperature was set at 35 ℃ and valsartan was served as internal standard. Positive electrospray ionization detection was applied to monitor m/z 309(nimesulide,[M+H]+)and m/z 436(valsartan,[M+H]+). RESULTS:The linear range of nimesulide was 5～50 ng?mL-1(r=0.998 9). The method recovery of nimesulide ranged from 87.1% to 92.9%. The intra-day and inter-day RSD were 3.1%～5.8%,6.4%～9.2%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The method is sensitive,simple,convenient,accurate and reproducible,and it is suitable for clinical plasma concentration monitoring and pharmacokinetics research of nimesulide.

Objective: To explore risk factors of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-induced vagal reflex and its emergency treatment strategies.Methods: Clinical data of 214 patients undergoing successful PCI in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.According to presence of vagal reflex or not, they were divided into vagal reflex group (n=56) and no vagal reflex group (n=158).Clinical features were compared between two groups.Logistic analysis was used to analyze related risk factors for PCI-induced vagal reflex, meanwhile, those patients with vagal reflex received emergency treatment and observation;and prevention and treatment plans were analyzed.Results: Single factor Logistic regression analysis indicated that age, diabetes mellitus, repeated puncture, indwelling sheath, previous PCI and hemostasis time by compression were risk factors for induced vagal reflex (OR=1.155~3.005, P<0.05 or <0.01).Multifactor Logistic analysis found that diabetes mellitus, indwelling sheath time and hemostasis time by compression were independent risk factors for induced vagal reflex (OR=1.846~2.998, P<0.05 all).Symptoms of those patients with vagal reflex were effectively controlled via rapid intravenous rehydration, blood volume expansion, intravenous injection of dopamine and atropine etc.Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus, indwelling sheath time and hemostasis time by compression are related factors for PCI-induced vagal reflex;high risk patients should be closely monitored, given standardized treatment rapidly.