T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is one of the most common types of leukemia in children. With over 50 ％ of activating Notch1mutations in T-ALL,identification of activating Notch1mutations has brought interest toward targeting the Notch signaling pathway in this disease.Small-molecule γ-secretase inhibitors (GSI) can block a critical proteolytic step required for Notch1activation,but the clinical application of GSI has been hindered. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies aim to design of effective antiNotch1therapies in T-ALL are needed, including combination therapies with molecularly targeted drugs and glucocorticoids. This review put emphasis on the molecular basis of Notch1, the mechanisms of action of oncogenic Notch1and clinical significance of Notch 1mutations in T-ALL.

Objective:Research on the feasibility and the availability of problem-based learning(PBL) for electrocardiogram(ECG).Method:The experiment group received PBL while the control group took completely traditional teaching method.The evaluation approaches included examination,questionnaire.Results:It is significant difference in the theoretical record and case analysis(t=2.76,P

The fetal period is the critical time in the development of various organs.The changes in the intrauterine growth environment can cause fetal and neonatal multiple organ system underdevelopment and damage,which is also closely related to the adult diseases,including nervous system damage (such as brain development disorders,functional abnormalities and cerebral palsy,etc.),cardiovascular system damage(such as coronary heart disease,high blood pressure,etc.),growth disorders and metabolic disorders(such as insulin resistance,type Ⅱ diabetes,obesity,growth and development disorders),urinary system damage (such as interstitial renal disease,renal hypertension,etc.),respiratory system damage(such as respiratory distress syndrome,bronchial dysplasia,etc.),etc.In this paper,we introduced this to help clinicians to understand and strengthen the intervention measures to improve the quality of life.

[Summary] Colorectal cancer is the one of the most common malignancies in the world .Currently, surgery is the main treatment for colorectal cancer .Although laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer has been widely accepted , laparoscopic approach for rectal cancer is still in clinical trials .At present, several trails have shown that the short-and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic rectal cancer resection are similar with open surgery , but others have shown that pathological outcomes and total resection rates of laparoscopic surgery are unsatisfactory .Laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery needs more grade Ⅰ evidences .Nowadays , researchers are exploring new ways to treat rectal cancer .

Roux-en-Y procedure has widely been used for digestive tract reconstruction after distal or total gastrectomy,and the Roux stasis syndrome is one of the most common complications.The symptoms of Roux stasis syndrome include abdominal pain,abdominal distention,nausea,vomiting and anorexia.Abdominal movement of the intestinal loop and reversed peristalsis cause delayed passage of gastric contents,which is the main cause of the Roux stasis syndrome.Prokinetic agents and electronic stimulation have been investigated as potential nonsurgical treatment methods for Roux stasis syndrome.Uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis has been found to be effective in preventing Roux stasis syndrome.In the future,precise evaluation of the psychological changes of the digestive tract after the Roux-en-Y anastomosis and understanding the mechanism of Roux stasis syndrome would be more effective to help the surgeons to resolve the problems.

Objective To explore and summarize the experience of professor Wei Kemin treatment of aplastic anemia. [Method]Discuss professor Wei Kemin's clinical experience in the treatment of aplastic anemia from the edology and pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation and treatment, medication features, etc. [Result]The basic pathogenesis of aplastic anemia is deficiency of the kidney, treatment principle is promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis and tonifying kidney to hematogenesis and tonifying spleen to tonify qi and nourishing yin to generate body fluid. Professor Wei Kemin is dialectical y adding and subtracting from Chinese traditional medicine decoction San huang Sanxian decoction,then develops by combining extract from silkworm sand in the development of the Shengxuening, Sodium Copper Chlorophyl in in the treatment of aplastic anemia, gets significant curative effect. [Conclusion]Professor Wei Kemin is good at using Chinese medicine, combined Chinese and western medicine treatment of aplastic anemia, lymphoma, leukemia and other diseases.The characteristics of using drug are tonifying qi to nourish yin and promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis. Curative effect is distinct and it is worth promoting.

Stem cells offer considerable promise in the repair or replacement of damaged tissue in the body.Mature and functional endothelial cells play a pivotal role in neovascularization and maintenance of blood vessel integrity.Although being the best choice for transplantation endothelial,cells isolated from autologous vessels have been heavily obstacled in medical application due to poor resources and limitted proliferation potential in culture.Thus,stem cells have been the focus of the studies soareh for suitable cell sources.Several types of stem cells have been reported to possess endothelial cell differentiation potential.This article summarized the recent study on the sources,distribution,features-differentiation,animal experiments and clinical use of stem cells.Advantages and disadvantages are compared to provide a reference for the choice of evdothelial celia source.

The success of organ transplantation depends on the prevetion of acute rejection. T and B lymphocytes, the major components of the cellular and humoral immunization mediating the rejection response, respectively, have been extensively studied. The importance of matural killer(NK) cells in transplantation has become an increasing area of interest as reagents for their study have become available. Basing on this on the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor in the acute rejection response with kidney transplantation.

The incidence of macrosomia was increasing year by year, which may be associated with gestational diabetes, obesity and pregnancy weight gain. The study showed that macrosomia was prone to obesity in childhood, and diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascu-lar disease in adulthood. The growth and development status of macrosomia in childhood is worthy of attention.

Objective To compare the effect of atropine sulphate and cyclopentolate hydrochloride in the treatment of youth hyperopia cycloplegic refraction,and provide the basis for a reasonable choice of the youth cycloplegic refraction drugs.Methods Ninety hyperopia children met inclusion criteria with refractive errors (180 eyes) were subjected to cycloplegic refratometry by 1％ cyclopentolate hydrochloride followed with 1％ atropine sulphate eye used gel.The refractive results,pupil size,residual adjustment amount and systemic side reactions were measured and compared by TOPCON.Results The coincidence rate of spherical lens degrees,cylinder lens degrees and axis of astigmatism degrees respectively was 84.44％ (152/180),92.78％ (167/180) and 92.78％ (167/180) between atropine sulphate and cyclopentolate hydrochloride.The spherical lens degrees of cyclopentolate hydrochloride was lower than atropine sulphate,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.01),the cylinder lens degrees and axis of astigmatism degrees had no significant difference between two drugs (P＞ 0.05).The pupil size and residual adjustment amount of cyclopentolate hydrochloride had no significant difference with atropine sulphate (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions of cyclopentolate hydrochloride was 3.33％ (3/90),atropine sulphate was 13.33％ (12/90),the cyclopentolate hydrochloride was significantly lower than atropine sulphate (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The cyclopentolate hydrochloride has powerful,fast and secure feature in the treatment of youth hyperopia cycloplegic refraction,has good ciliary muscle paralysis effect,has longer paralysis time,as effective as the atropine sulphate,and has a shorter recovery time and better security,is ideal cycloplegic drugs for youth hyperopia cycloplegic refraction.