Recent studies demonstrate that autistic spectrum disprders children have deficits in executive functiony, particularly the function referred response inhibition. The antisaccade task provides a new tool for direct evaluation of inhibitory function and a new way to explore the character of response inhibition in children with cognitive impairment. Researchers have used the technologies of eye movement to reveal the ability of oculomotor inhibition in children with autistic spectrum disprders, which is poorer than that of normal children.

The state of scale management,structure of hierarchy,professional institutions,educational system and degree,situation of academy and cost of medical education in developed countries was summarized in this article respectively to provide reference for our medical education reform.

Inflammation reaction and immune response are in-separable in the levels of system, tissue, cell and molecule. In-flammatory immune responses ( IIR) is proposed in this paper, which is defined a moderate or abnormal system responses of in-flammatory immune related cells in responding to the internal and external environment changes of body. It is described briefly that the research progresses of inflammatory immune cells ( e. g. , macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells and B cells, etc. ) and non-inflammatory immune cells ( e. g. , glial cells, endothe-lial cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, synovial cells and liver cells, etc. ) , and cytokines/receptor signal transduction in-volved in IIR. Moreover, the existing problems about regulating IIR drugs clinically are summarized. It is firstly put forward that soft regulation of inflammatory immune responses ( SRIIR) is a new direction of discovery and development of new drugs for the treatment of IIR related diseases.

Objective To compare the spray characteristics of domestic and foreign nasal spray delivery devices for live attenuated influenza vaccine(LAIV). Methods The particle size distribution(DV10,DV50 and DV90),the proportion of droplets smaller than 10 μm and Span of atomized particles of two brands of nasal spray delivery devices at home and abroad were measured by laser diffraction method,the spray pattern[maximum diameter(D_(max)),shortest diameter(D_(min))and ovality(D_(max)/D_(min))]and spray geometry(spray angle and width)were detected by Spray view,and the comparative analysis was performed. Results There was no significant difference in DV10,DV50,DV90 particle size distribution,proportion of droplets smaller than 10 μm and Span of atomized particles between the two kinds of domestic and foreign nasal spray delivery devices[F-values of Levene's test for equality of variances were 0. 622,0. 135,3. 067,0. 212 and 0. 058,P-values were0. 434,0. 714,0. 085,0. 647 and 0. 810,and significance(two-tailed)values of equal variances assumed were 0. 439,0. 228,0. 281,0. 539 and 0. 910,respectively];D_(max),D_(min)and ovality of the spray patterns showed no significant difference[F-values of Levene's test for equality of variances were 2. 102,2. 666 and 0. 514,P-values were 0. 158,0. 114 and0. 479,and significance(two-tailed)values of equal variances assumed were 0. 651,0. 407,and 0. 160,respectively];The geometric mean ratios of spray angle and width were 0. 92 and 0. 91,respectively,which ranged from 0. 90 to 1. 11.Conclusion Both the domestic and foreign nasal spray delivery devices meet the delivery requirement of the nasal spray LAIV,which can be used for the delivery of nasal spray vaccines and drugs.

Asia ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; epidemiology ; Prevalence

The constitutional medical thoughts in Inner Canon of Huangdi is the foundation for TCM constitution theory, it discusses the influence of constitution on disease in detail. Constitution factors determine the disease onset or not; Constitution factors determine the tendency and character of disease. Constitution factors effect the changes of pathogenesis, the character of syndrome, the therapeutic principle and methods; Constitution factors effect the turnover and prognosis. Constitution therapies are profit to correct the partial body, preventing the development of disease and heal the disease.

Network labs built with virtual instruments promote the reform of the teaching concept. They also improve the network teaching and reduce the cost of teaching. The application of virtual instruments in the hygiene analytical chemistry network teaching is very necessary.

The effects of active constituents of traditional Chinese medicine are grossly divided into four categories, i.e. antiinflammatory , immunosuppressive , immunostimulating and analgesic effects. This papes reviews these effects and related mechanisms of common researched active constituents.

Total glucosides of paeony (TGP)is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis(RA)as the first immunoregulatory drug in clinic.The efficacy of TGP in treating RA patients is definite, which is accompanied with mild adverse reaction and slow effects simultaneously.Paeoniflorin (Pae ),the main constituents of TGP,has a bioavailability of 3% ~4%,which may be served as the main reason for its slow effects.Therefore,in this paper,the pharmacokinetics of Pae as well as its influencing factors were re-viewed on basis of pulished papers.In addition,some problems about Pae were also discussed.

Objective To explore the relevant factors influencing the prognosis of progressive cerebral infarction,in order to provide basis for clinical trentment and improve the prognosis of patients.Methods Clinical data of 163 patients admitted as progressive cerebral infarction and 355 patients admitted as non-progressive cerebral infarction were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were followed up by interview or telephone at the time of 30 and 90days,the clinical data were recorded.The relevant factors influencing the prognosis of progressive cerebral infarction were analyzed.Results Multiple linear regression analysis of patients with progressive cerebral infarction showed that total anterior circulation infarcts,respiratory infection,coronary heart disease history,imbalance of water and electrolyte,white blood cell increasing were leading influence risk factors for the higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) in hospitalized patients.Analysis of patients with progressive cerebral infarction showed that total anterior circulation infarcts,lack of physical activity,NIHSS at admitting,the elderly and respiratory infection were leading influence risk factors of the higher Activities of Daily Living(ADL) and modify Rankin Scale(mRS) scores at 30d and 90d of following up.The scores of ADL and mRS at 30d and 90d were significantly higher in progressive cerebral infarction than those of non-progressive cerebral infarction patients (t =6.6179,P =0.000,t =5.2788,P =0.000,t =5.0608,P =0.000,t =4.0725,P =0.000,respectively).The recurrence of cerebral infarction in progressive cerebral infarction group and death events at 30d were also significantly higher than that of non-progressive cerebral infarction(x2 =8.423,P =0.004 and x2 =5.135,P =0.023,respectively).But the recurrence of progressive cerebral infarction and death events at 90d,there were no significant differences between progressive cerebral infarction and non-progressive cerebral infarction (x2 =1.938,P =0.159 and x2 =3.518,P =0.061,respectively).Conclusion The relevant factors influencing the prognosis of progressive cerebral infarction are common effect of various factors.In the treatment of progressive cerebral infarction should be actively considered as much as possible to improve the prognosis of patients.