OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to measure the glucocorticoid receptor(GR)protein level in the nuclei of nasal polyp cells and compare the results in nasal polyposis patients with chronic rhinosinusitis alone and with chronic rhinosinusitis accompanied with asthma, before and after glucocorticoid(Glu)therapy. METHODS We used enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay(ELISA) techniques to quantitatively measure the activated- GR protein level in the nuclei of the nasal polyp cells. Nasal polyp tissues were obtained from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis alone and with chronic rhinosinusitis accompanied with bronchial asthma. In the latter, polyp tissues were obtained before and after Glu therapy seperatively. RESULTS Our data showed no significant differences between the activated- GR protein level of the nasal polyposis patients with chronic rhinosinusitis alone and with chronic rhinosinusitis accompanied with bronchial asthma before Glu therapy. However, the activated-GR protein level was significantly upregulated after Glu therapy in the patients with chronic rhinosinusitis accompanied with bronchial asthma. CONCLUSION The result of our research clearly showed that Glus upregulated the activated-GR protein level in the nuclei of nasal polyp cells and that the upregulation is essential for Glus anti-inflammatory action.

Background/Aims: 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is a basic drug for inducing and maintaining remission for ulcerative colitis. One of its formulations has a coating with a pH-dependent degradation that ensures the release 5-ASA at the terminal ileum. No evidence has been shown concerning the effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) on the clinical course of ulcerative colitis patients in remission. The present study assessed the effect of PPIs or H2RAs on the relapse of ulcerative colitis patients in clinical remission maintained by pH-dependent released 5-ASA. Methods: Ulcerative colitis patients who had been prescribed time- or pH-dependent-released 5-ASA between January 2015 and December 2018 were enrolled in this multicenter retrospective study. The period of remission until relapse occurred was analyzed among the patients taking time-dependent-released 5-ASA or pH-dependent-released 5-ASA with/without PPIs or H2RAs. Results: One hundred and nineteen patients were analyzed in this study. In the primary endpoint, the relapse rate was higher in patients taking pH-dependent-released 5-ASA and PPIs or H2RAs than in those taking the pH-dependent-released 5-ASA without PPIs or H2RAs, while the relapse rate was similar in patients taking the time-dependent-released 5-ASA with or without PPIs or H2RAs concomitantly. Patients with a short duration of disease and middle-aged patients more frequently showed relapse with PPIs or H2RAs than the other patients. Conclusions The coadministration of PPIs or H2RAs affects the clinical course of ulcerative colitis in remission maintained by pH-dependent-released 5-ASA.

Background/Aims: 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is a basic drug for inducing and maintaining remission for ulcerative colitis. One of its formulations has a coating with a pH-dependent degradation that ensures the release 5-ASA at the terminal ileum. No evidence has been shown concerning the effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) on the clinical course of ulcerative colitis patients in remission. The present study assessed the effect of PPIs or H2RAs on the relapse of ulcerative colitis patients in clinical remission maintained by pH-dependent released 5-ASA. Methods: Ulcerative colitis patients who had been prescribed time- or pH-dependent-released 5-ASA between January 2015 and December 2018 were enrolled in this multicenter retrospective study. The period of remission until relapse occurred was analyzed among the patients taking time-dependent-released 5-ASA or pH-dependent-released 5-ASA with/without PPIs or H2RAs. Results: One hundred and nineteen patients were analyzed in this study. In the primary endpoint, the relapse rate was higher in patients taking pH-dependent-released 5-ASA and PPIs or H2RAs than in those taking the pH-dependent-released 5-ASA without PPIs or H2RAs, while the relapse rate was similar in patients taking the time-dependent-released 5-ASA with or without PPIs or H2RAs concomitantly. Patients with a short duration of disease and middle-aged patients more frequently showed relapse with PPIs or H2RAs than the other patients. Conclusions The coadministration of PPIs or H2RAs affects the clinical course of ulcerative colitis in remission maintained by pH-dependent-released 5-ASA.

OBJECTIVEChronic rhinosinusitis was often exacerbated by viral infection. A disruption of the mechanisms that regulate the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) during viral infection was one possible mechanism responsible for the exacerbation. The purpose of study was to achieve a better understanding of MMP expression in nasal epithelial cells after viral infection.

METHODSHuman nasal epithelial cells were isolated from nasal polyp specimens obtained during endoscopic endonasal surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 mRNA in primary human nasal polyp epithelial cells after double stranded RNA (ds RNA) stimulation were investigated.

RESULTSAmong the genes whose expression was evaluated, only expression of MMP-9 mRNA increased significantly after dsRNA stimulation (22.61 +/- 5.47 fold increase, Z = -2.52, P = 0.012).

CONCLUSIONSThe significant up-regulation of MMP-9 mRNA, which was not modulated by TIMP-1, was an additional source of increased proteolytic activity in virus-infected upper airways that might contribute to the exacerbation of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Nasal Polyps ; genetics ; metabolism ; Poly I-C ; pharmacology ; RNA, Double-Stranded ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Sinusitis ; genetics ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; genetics ; metabolism