0.05).Normalization rate of ALT was higher in the treatment group than that in the control group (P0.05).The rate of HBeAg turning negative in the treatment group after treatment for one year was higher than that in the control group(P

Aim To investigate whether pioglitazone has protective effect against glutamate induced neurotoxicity in cultured cortical neurons and its possible molecular mechanisms underlying pioglitazone's neuroprotective effects.Methods The cortical neurons were taken from newborn rats and used for experiments 7 days after culture.The neurons were randomly divided into control group;glutamate group; glutamate+piogli-tazone group;glutamate+SP600125 group;SP600125 group.Cell viability was determined by MTT.The morphology change of neurons was observed under a fluorescence microscope with fluorescence dye Hoechst 33258.Immunostaining was used to investigate the expression of phospho-ATF2 in neuronal cells.Western blot was performed to investigate the protein level of phospho-JNK1 and total JNK1.Results Pioglitazone markedly reduced the damage of cortical neurons caused by glutamate.Pioglitazone also significantly inhibited glutamate induced up-regulation of phospho-JNK1 protein level and phospho-ATF2 expression.SP600125, an inhibitor of JNK, antagonized the toxicity induced by glutamate.Conclusions Pioglitazone can protect cultured cortical neurons from glutamate induced damage.The protective effect of pioglitazone appears to be associated with inhibiting the c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase signaling pathway.