Objective:To review the new progress in hydrogen peroxide disinfection and sterilization technology and equipments. Methods:Based on the recently published papers and our research results,the hydrogen peroxide sterilization technology and equip-ments were classified and summarized. Results:The hydrogen peroxide nano-fog( ultra-dry fog) sterilization technology and equipments could be used for the sterilization of space and equipments with the properties of safety, effectiveness and compatibility. Conclusion:The nano-fog( ultra-dry fog) sterilization technology and equipments exhibit broad application prospects,which is an ideal method to re-place the conventional space sterilization using formaldehyde and ozone.

To explore the relationship between eosinophilic hyperplasia lymphogranuloma (ELG) and nephrotic syndrome (NS). Methods 3 cases of ELG associated with NS were collected. The specimen of ELG and renal biopsy were confinned by pathological method, and clinical characteristic, therapeutic course and follow up were summarized. Results Two cases were ELG associated with minimal changes disease (MCD), another was early membranous nephropathy (MN) . ELG and NS were cured by prednisone therapy. Conclusion About 12% of ELG may be associated NS. The pathogenesis of ELG, MCD and MN are similar, and curative effect occured by same therapy. Suggesting that, they are identical allergic disease caused by one pathogeny.

AIM: To study the absorption performance and purification process of total flavones from Bushen Recipe(Radix polygoni multiflori;Herba epimedii;Rhizoma drynariae;etc) with macroporous resin. METHODS: The contents of total flavones,icariin,tetrahydroxystilbene and naringin were worked as indexes,the adsorptive capacity of D101,DA201 and DM301 resins were investigated,and the static adsorption curve,dynamic leakage curve and elution curve were used for the selection of macroporous resin. RESULTS: The elution parameters of selected DM301 consisted of the 0.25 BV/h feed rate solution ratio of 4 BV water to elute resin and 4 BV 70% alcohol to be collected as elution solvent,and the elution rate of 2.4 BV/h was established. CONCLUSION: Macroporous resin method is a better candidate method for purifying flavones in Bushen Recipe.

Objective To analyze the renal IgG subclasses in special patients whose renal HBsAg and HBcAg are positive, but plasma HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBcAg are negative.Methods Renal IgG subclasses were compared between 14 cases hepatitis-related nephropathy patients(diagnosed by renal biopsy pathology,whose blood hepatitis B antigens were negative) and 18 cases idiopathic membranous nephropathy patients.HBcAg and HBsAg were detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay, IgG, IgG1, 2, 3, 4 were stained by immunofluorescence.Results Renal IgG1-4 deposits were 100％ (14/14), 78.6％ (11/14), 78.6％ (11/14), 100％(14/14) separately in hepatitis B-related nephropathy group, and renal IgG1-4 deposits were 88.9％ (16/18), 5.6％ (1/18), 5.6％ (1/18), and 83.3％ (15/18) in idiopathic membranous nephropathy group.Renal IgG2 and IgG3 deposit more in hepatitis B-related nephropathy group than in idiopathic membranous nephropathy group (78.6％ vs 5.6％ ,78.6％ vs 5.6％;P =0.000) , but no significant difference in IgG1 and IgG4 deposit.Conclusion Renal IgG2 and IgG3 deposit more in hepatitis B-related nephropathy group than in idiopathic membranous nephropathy group, and may help some in diagnosis.

Objective To preliminary establish the process condition of extracting polysaccharides from Allii tuberosi semen.Methods The study was carried out with the content of Semen allii tuberosi polysaccharides as evaluation index, the material liquid ratio, extraction time, and extraction times as observation factors, and L9 (34) orthogonal design as extraction craft.The physical and chemical properties and IR spectroscope were used to identify the extract.Results The optimum preparation condition was determined as: using 12 times water, extracting 3 times, and extracting 160 minutes.According to the results of purple ring reaction and infrared spectrum, the extract from Allii tuberosi semen has polysaccharides.From the statistical processing of data we found when polysaccharides from Semen allii tuberosi has 50％ reducing power, the value of EC50 is 10.2 mg/ml.Conclusion The process is reasonable and suitable and can be used for the extraction of polysaccharides from Allii tuberosi semen, and can provide the theoretical basis for the research and application.

AIM: To study on the differences of chemical compos i tion between extracts of Bushen recipe prepared by decocting together and single , with fingerprint technology. METHODS: The extracts of Bushen recipe were prepared by decocting together and single under the same process. The comparison was done under the different wavelength s and different brand columns, HPLC method determined the extract's fingerprint within the range of optimized conditions. RESULTS: The ratio of The compositions and its main chemical substa nces are the different between the two extracts, and the extract rate of the main chemical substances are higher in extrat decocted single than in extract decocted togethe r. CONCLUSION: There are some chemical substances and composition's ra tio differences in the extracts of Bushen recipe made by decocting together and single.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical significance and histological origin of glomerular epithelial proliferative lesion in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). MethodsSeventy-four patients with idiopathic FSGS hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital from Jan. 2000 to Dec.2005 were enrolled in this study. Patients were classified into two groups according to with or without glomerular epithelial proliferative lesion. Estimation of active and chronic pathological scores was carried out using a semi-quantitative grade system by two pathologists. Clinical and pathological characteristics were compared between two groups. Immunohistochemical studies were performed to analyze the histological origin of glomerular epithelial proliferative lesion. ResultsThirty-one patients with glomerular epithelial proliferative lesion showed shorter interval from presentation to biopsy (P<0.05), higher percentage of nephrotic syndrome (NS) (P<0.05), higher frequency of segmental glomerulosclerosis(P<0.05), higher pathological active scores (P<0.05) and lower pathological chronic scores (P<0.05)as compared to 43 patients without glomerular epithelial proliferative lesion. Twenty-nine patients were followed up and renal survival rate in patients with glomerular epithelial proliferative lesion (39.7%) was significantly lower than that in patients without glomerular epithelial proliferative lesion (83.3%) (P=0.049). The frequency of glomerular epithelial proliferative lesion and the serum creatinine (Scr) level at biopsy were independent predictors of ESRD (OR value was 1.204, 1.008 respectively ). Glomerular epithelial proliferative lesion did not express mature podocyte markers including WT-1 and pedocalyxin, but stained positive for PCNA, PAX-2 and CK-8. ConclusionsGlomerular epithelial proliferative lesion represents the pathological change of acute stage and active lesion of FSGS, and also may be the pathological marker of severe clinical presentation and worse renal survival. Glomerular epithelial proliferative lesion may be derived from proliferation of parietal epithelial proliferation or de-differentiated podocytes.

Objective:To investigate the relative frequency of idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in renal biopsy proven diseases, and its criteria and significance of clinicopathological diagnosis. Methods: We reviewed all the inpatients that were diagnosed by renal biopsies from 1990 to 2001, of whom 65 were identified as idiopathic FSGS. Their histological characteristics were analyzed together with their clinical findings. Results: (1) The incidence of idiopathic FSGS accounted for 2.2% of all the renal biopsies, 3.2% of primary glomerular diseases, and 5.8% of patients with massive proteinuria. (2) The subtypes of idiopathic FSGS were hilar lesion (12.3%), peripheral lesion (23.1%), mixture lesion (60.0%), collapsing lesion (3.1%), and tip lesion (1.5%), which were frequently accompanied by other morphologic variants, such as synechia of Bowman's capsule, podocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy, segmental endothelial and mesangial proliferation, and interstitial fibrosis, etc. As the sclerotic lesions distributed segmentally and overlapped by other variants, it was difficult to get the correct diagnosis. (3) Most of the patients with segmental endothelial and mesangial proliferation had massive proteinuria. Conclusion: Idiopathic FSGS was not a common glomerular disease in our study. Podocyte lesion, segmental endothelial and mesangial proliferation may play an important role in the formation of segmental sclerosis in idiopathic FSGS.

Objective: To investigate the morphological characteristics and expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins in cellular variants of idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Methods: Seventeen cases of cellular variants of FSGS were studied by light microscopy, immunofluorescence (IF), and electron microscopy (EM). The immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy for the detection of cyclins (cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin A, cyclin B1) and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs, including p21, p27, p57) were performed in these cases. Results: The hypertrophy and hyperplasia of epithelial cells overlying sclerotic or collapsed glomerular tufts were the prominent characteristics of cellular variants of FSGS; IF showed segmental deposits of IgM; hyperplastic epithelial cells possessed the features of both podocyte and parietal epithelial cells ultrastructurally. Hyperplastic epithelial cells of cellular lesions showed positive staining for cyclin E, cyclin A, cyclin B1 and p21, and negative staining for cyclin D1, p27 and p57. Conclusion: The hyperplastic epithelial cells in cellular variants of FSGS may be derived from damaged podocytes, which mimic the immature podocytes, re engage the cell cycle to proliferate and form the cellular lesions. The up regulation of cyclins (cyclin E, cyclin A, cyclin B1) concurrent with the loss of CKIs (p27, p57) contributes to the cell cycle regulation of cellular lesions of FSGS.

Objective To optimize the conditions of extraction process of polysaccharides from seeds of Toona sinensis; To preliminary determinate the antioxidant activity in vitro. Methods The content of polysaccharides from Toona sinensis was chosen as evaluation index; the extraction time, material liquid ratio, and extraction times were chosen as factors; L9(34) orthogonal design was used to optimize extraction process; antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Toona sinensis was investigated by the total reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Results From the statistical data of processing, the optimal extracting conditions were as follows:liquid to material was 1:12, extraction time was 120 min, and extracted for 3 times. Polysaccharides from seeds of Toona sinensis had certain reducing capacity and had better scavenging ability on DPPH? and the scavenging rate significantly increased with the concentration. The effect was simulated by curve equation. Conclusion The process is simple, feasible, stable and reliable and can be used for the small-scale study on extraction of polysaccharides from seeds of Toona sinensis. Polysaccharides from seeds of Toona sinensis have antioxidant activity.