This paper summarized training status of the Master of Nursing Specialist (MNS) at home and abroad,described and analyzed the cultivation program at home and abroad,and discussed the problems about cultivation objective, enrollment, course system, specialty orientation, clinical training model, teaching method, connotation of practical ability, teachers strength, evaluation and assessment in cultivation of MNS in China. Then MNS training program is proposedso as to provide references for the future cultivation program of MNS in China.

Objective To assess the wall elasticity of the common carotid artery using echo-tracking in healthy children and children with hyperlipidemia.Methods The study included 68 normal healthy children and 25 children with hyperlipidemia.All the subjects were 3-18 years old.They were divided into three groups according to ages 3-6 years old group,7-13 years old group and 14-18 years old group.Echo-tracking was used to measure the pressure-strain elastic modulus (E?),stiffness parameter(?)and arterial compliance (AC) of the common carotid artery.Results The average values of E? were different among the three age groups in normal healthy children (all P

Aim To discuss the influence of endosome/ lysosome transport proteins SNX10 on macrophage, providing new potential targets for the treatment of variety of related immune diseases . Methods The genotype of mice was identified by PCR. The role of SNX10 in phagocytosis of bacterial components and sterilization by macrophages were assessed. The levels of TNF-α、IL-12 / 23 p40 and IL-6 were measured by q-PCR and ELISA assay. Finally, the NF-κB signaling pathway was evaluated by Western blot and immuno-fluorescence staining. Results Ex vivo experiments showed that SNX10 knockout could enhance bactericid-al ability and inhibit the expression and production of TNF-α, IL-12 / 23 p40 and IL-6 of macrophages.These effects might attribute to the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway activation. Conclusion SNX10 knockout could enhance bactericidal ability and inhibit the inflammatory response of macrophages, and its mechanism may be achieved through the NF-κB signa-ling pathway.

The quality control for undergraduate teaching is an essential factor for a university toward the success;therefore uni-versities put the control as first priority among other conventional works.This study is trying to elucidate the most important com-ponents in the quality control system from different points of view including human sources and educational process.Some suc-cessful planning and practice on the quality control in our university in past decade has been summarized and discussed in this study.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect and the prospect of Infliximab in treatment of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)-resistant Kawasaki disease (KD) patients.Methods Clinical features,inflammatory markers and coronary changes were observed in 2 cases of IVIG-resistant KD patients hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital,who were treated effectively by Infliximab.Relevant researches on the mechanism and progress of the Infliximab treatment for IVIG-resistant KD in the last 10 years were reviewed at the same time.Results Two KD patients hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital had been treated with 2 g/kg IVIG for 2 times and followed by methylprednisolone treatment.However,fever and other clinical manifestations occurred again after 2 days and 6 days when temperature returned normal.They both defervesced and all the symptoms were improved after 1 dose of Infliximab (5 mg/kg) by laboratory examinations.Four published literatures of the basic research and 9 retrospective or prospective clinical researches of Infliximab treatment of KD showed that Infliximab alleviated the inflammatory level in the KD patients significantly.Complete remission was up to 72.73％-92.11％.Those KD patients defervesced within 12 h,with dramatic improvement of symptoms and signs.Arthralgia also disappeared in the patients with arthritis.Only 1 case was complicated with hepatitis in the acute phase and cholecystitis in recovery time.A phase 3 randomised,double-blinded,placebo-controlled trial had been done to assess the addition of Infliximab to the standard therapy.Conclusions Infliximab is a feasible choice for IVIG-resistant KD patients.Efficacy and safety of Infliximab for KD treatment have been proved in the literature.However,Infliximab for KD treatment has not been indicated in the drug instruction,so the informed consent from the guardians and Ethics Committee is needed.

OBJECTIVE To master the pathogenic conditions,clinical characteristic,and diagnostic clues about AIDS combinated with penicilliosis marneffei and malignant lymphoma.METHODS The clinical data about AIDS combinated with penicilliosis marneffei and malignant lymphoma were summarized in order to learn by experience.RESULTS The clinical symptoms of AIDS combinated with penicilliosis marneffei and malignant lymphoma could be unique,but most were various,the primary symptoms were always fever and enlargement of liver and spleen.CONCLUSIONS AIDS combinated with penicilliosis marneffei is common to be seen,but with penicilliosis marneffei and malignant lymphoma are rarely seen in the clinics,which should be taken high attention.

Objective To explore the independent risk factors of the prolonged time of retention ICU after type A aortic dissection operation,to establish a corresponding perioperative risk assessment system.Methods A total of 509 consecutive patients with type A aortic dissection were enrolled in the study from September 2011 to May 2016,among which,418 patients received emergency operation.The prolonged retention time of ICU was considered as endpoint event.A perioperative assessment system was established through the analysis of related risk factors of the most common complications after type A aortic dissection operation.The possible risk factors of prolonged retention time of ICU were introduced into a single factor analysis.The meaningful variables in the single factor analysis were introduced into logistic regression analysis.The independent risk factors which were obtained from logistic regression analysis were used to establish risk prediction modeL,and the ROC curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test were used to evaluate the model.Results The perioperative mortality rate was 8.64％,the prolonged retention time of ICU was 5.06 days,and 98 cases exceeded 7 days.The results of logistic regression analysis showed that age,the history of stroke,obesity,emergency operation,cardiopulmonary bypass time,deep hypothermic circulatory arrest time,renal inadequacy,massive transfusion,hypoxemia,and pulmonary infection were the independent risk factors for prolonged retention time of ICU.Accordingly,a mathematical model was established.The area under ROC cure for prediction model(AUC) =0.761,Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test P =0.512.Conclusion The logistic model estabhshed in this study can successfully predict ICU retention time after type A aortic dissection operation,and the efficacy was predicted satisfactorily.

OBJECTIVE To establish an modified model of osteonecrosis in the rat and observe the clinical, pathological and imaging manifestations dynamically. METHODS Healthy male SD rats were divided into 5 groups randomly, including the control group (N, 8 rats), and radiation groups (a, b, c and d, 6 rats each group). For radiation groups, the left mandible of each rat was irradiated at doses of 7.0 Gy for 5 fractions, other rats were sham irradiated, serving as control groups.7 days after irradiation, the left mandibular molars of all rats were extracted. The radiation groups rats were sacrificed at 7, 14, 21, 28 days after irradiation randomly, the 2 rats in control group were sacrificed respectively. All the rats' mandibles were taken and examined by clinical manifestation and Micro-CT and histology methods. The data was analyzed with SPSS 18.0 software package. RESULTS In clinical observation, ulcers were seen in the irradiated site at the 7th day, after then, alopecia, occlusion disorder, and pus discharged from buccal side were seen. Weight loss rightly after radiation and weight gain were seen at the 14th day. In pathological observation, marrow cavity changed first. Many adipose cell was first seen at the 7th day, and inflammations, necrosis, and fibrosis were found in medulla in the irradiated groups after that. Significant increment of empty lacunae and decrement of osteocytes were observed in all irradiated groups at the 7th day. Necrotic bone of the irradiated mandible was only found at the 28th day. Lack of new bone formation within the socket was seen in the Micro-CT three-dimensional at 28th day, and there are no more changes at the early-stage in this model. CONCLUSION An modified rat model of osteoradionecrosis was successfully established, which can shorten experimental period, and this model early stage and deserved to be further researched. Can be used to observe clinical, pathological and imaging magnification, which play a basic role in the protection in early stage and deserved to be further researched.

Objective To study the effects of half marathon loading on the T2* mapping assessment of knee joint cartilage. Methods Twenty male amateur marathon runners with more than three years of running age were enrolled. The T1WI, PDWI, 3D?DESS, and T2*mapping were performed on right knee joint before and after the half marathon within 3h and after a period of approximately 1 week. Cartilage was divided into 6 regions: medial and lateral femoral cartilage, medial and lateral tibial cartilage and patella and trochlea cartilage. Femoral cartilage was partitioned into central weight?bearing regions, posterior cartilage nonweight?bearing regions with the posterior boundary of the meniscus as the dividing mark. All cartilage was further divided into deep and superficial layers according to the thickness 1/2, and the ROI was delineated to obtain the T2* value of the corresponding area. One?way repeated measures analysis was performed to test the difference of T2*values pre?and post?marathon. LSD tests were used to estimate the different influences of physiological activities on each articular cartilage area. Results All cartilage areas of the knee joint did not show cartilage injury during the examination. The differences in the global T2*values of the superficial layers of the knee cartilage before and after the half?marathon marathon were statistically significant (t=5.145, P<0.05), but the global T2*value of the deep region were not (t=1.864, P>0.05). After a week, the T2* values of all cartilage areas were not statistically different from those before running (t=1.062, 0.309; P>0.05). Conclusion After a single half marathon, the changes of knee cartilage composition in male amateur marathon runners are reversible. In the absence of positive findings in conventional MRI, T2* mapping can indirectly reflect changes in biochemical composition of the articular cartilage during exercise.