Objective To understand the short-term effect of practice skill training for general practitioners in Guangdong province and to provide scientific basis for improving the training strategy. Methods According to the training outline (Outline of job-transfer training for general practitioner in primary health institutions (trial))of the Ministry of Health,job-transfer training was provided for a total of 451 primary care doctors in economically undeveloped cities for one year. All trainees were investigated before and after training by questionnaire,which were designed by ourselves and included practical skill level and satisfaction degree.SPSS 13.0 software was used to do statistical analysis and data were processed by description analysis,t test,ANOVA and correlation analysis. Results Average self-evaluation scores of practical skills were 136.37 ±21.74 and 169.39 ±17.12 before and after training with significant differences (t=29.028,P=0.000). Scores of all types of practical skills after training were significantly higher than those before training (P<0.000 1). Total satisfaction rate was 91.6%and students were not well satis-fied with training environment and training guarantee. Fac-tors influencing the effect of training included educational background,professional title,doctors' de-sire of training,whether taking part in the general practitioner training or not. The effect of practical training was positively correlated with total satisfaction (r=0.162,P=0.037). Conclusions Remark-able results of practice skill training have been achieved. In the future,more chances for practice should be provided for trainees and contents of skill training should be designed according to the need of community health service,and more attention should be paid to the training project management.

Objective To investigate the mouse liver blood vessel images using phase contrast X-ray imaging with synchrotron radiation. Methods 6 female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups, 3 mice in each group. In one group, livers excised after hgated arteries, veins and common bile duct. In another group, iodine infused via the portal vein and drained from inferior vena cave until all the blood in the portal veins and hepatic veins was displaced. After infusion, arteries, veins and common bile duct were ligated and livers were excised. Results Blood vessel images were clearly produced by diffraction enhanced imaging. This method can discriminate vessels down to about 40 μm in diameter without contrast agent. Using a contrasting agent more details could be produced. In one liver lobe, the entire branch of the portal vein could be clearly produced by one by one phase contrast image from the main axial blood vessels of liver lobe to the nine generation of branching. Conclusions Phase contrast imaging has the advantage of good contrast and high spatial resolution. [Key wnrds] Synchrotron radiation; Phase contrast imaging; Diffraction enhanced imaging; Blood vessel; X-rays

Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Humans ; Synchrotrons

Aim To investigate the effect of Zhizi Baipi soup and its disassembled prescription containing Zhizi on protecting concanavalin (ConA)-induced immuno-logical liver injury in mice and explore the possible protective mechanism.Methods The model of mouse immunological liver injury induced by (ConA,20 mg ·kg -1 )was used to observe the effects of Zhizi Baipi soup and its disassembled prescription containing Zhizi by gavage administration.Results Zhizi Baipi Soup and its disassembled prescription containing Zhizi were able to reduce the level of serum ALT,AST and MDA content,improve liver tissue SOD activity and reduce
the expression of NF-κB-p65 and NF-κB-p-p65,in which all parties of Zhizi Baipi Soup Group had best effect on immunological liver injury in mice.Conclu-sion Zhizi Baipi Soup and its disassembled prescrip-tion containing Zhizi have remarkably protective effect on ConA-induced immunological liver injury in mice, and the potential mechanism may be related to the reg-ulation of the immune response pathway.

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical and pathological characteristics between patients with and without glomerular hematuria.

METHODSTotally 310 patients with isolated microscopic hematuria and 24-hour urinary protein <0.5 g were enrolled in this study, who were free of renal calculi, infections, or tumors. These patients were divided into glomerular hematuria group and non-glomerular hematuria group according examination by phase-contrast microscope, and their clinicopathological data were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSOf the 209 patients identified to have glomerular hematuria, 46.41% had IgA nephropathy, 22.49% had small glomerular lesions, and 14.35% had non-IgA mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. In the patients with non-glomerular hematuria, 65.34% had IgA nephropathy, 21.78% had non-IgA mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, and 8.91% had small glomerular lesions. No significant differences were found in the patients' gender, age, course of disease or hypertension between the two groups (P>0.05), but renal insufficiency was more common in patients with glomerular hematuria.

CONCLUSIONIgA nephropathy is still the most frequent pathological finding in patients with hematuria, and even in non-glomerular hematuria patients severe renal pathological changes can be common.

Adult ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; pathology ; Hematuria ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney Glomerulus ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective:To understand the identification value of pointing gestures in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD) and its relationship with functional development.Methods:From December 2020 to November 2021, 1 099 children from Children’s Health Care Center of Beijing Children’s Hospital were tested by pointing gestures test, including 942 ASD children and 157 typical developed children.And the data of children's neuropsychological development scale from 800 children aged 1.0-5.9 were collected.SPSS 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. Trend test was used to analyze the distribution of pointing gestures test sensitivity in autistic children, and ANOVA was used to analyze the relationship between pointing gestures test scores and functional development fields.Results:The sensitivity of pointing gestures was 83.5% in children aged 1.0-10.0 years, 76.3%-93.1% in children aged 1.0-4.9 years, and 93.1%-95.1% in children aged 1.0-2.9.With the increase of age, the sensitivity of pointing gestures in autistic children (linear-by-linear association =164.889, P<0.001) and the Yoden index had a decreasing trend. The positive predictive value (91.53%-100.00%) and negative predictive value (75.36%-91.84%) were found in the children aged 1.0-10.0 years.The sensitivity of pointing gestures test was 44.9% in children with mild autism aged 1.0-10.0 years and 46.5%-65.9% in children with mild autism aged from 1.0-3.9 years. The sensitivity of pointing gestures test was 81.5% in children with moderate autism aged from 1.0-10.0 years and 87.3%-97.8% in children with moderate autism aged 1.0-3.9 years. The sensitivity of the pointing gestures test was 97.2% in children with severe autism aged 1.0-10.0 years, and 100.0% in children with severe autism aged 1.0-3.9 years. The sensitivity of the pointing gestures in mild, moderate and severe autism children decreased with age (linear-by-linear association values were 16.725, 64.232, 66.732 respectively, all P<0.001). The children with severe autism mainly scored 2 points (80.3%, 419/522) on the pointing gestures test , and children with moderate autism mainly scored 1 point(64.2%, 170/265) on the pointing gestures test. There were significant differences in functional development among different pointing gestures test groups.Functional development score in the autism children with 0 score of pointing gestures test was significantly higher than those with 1 score and 2 scores of pointing gestures test (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Pointing gestures has good sensitivity in children with autism (especially 1.0-4.9 years of age), and may serve as an objectively observable screening method. The better children with autism score on the pointing gestures, the better their functional development.