Objective To study the influence of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia on perioperative coagulation function,RAAS activity and postoperative analgesia effect in parturients with cesarean section.Methods One hundred and eighteen parturients of cesarean section in our hospital from June 2013 to January 2016 were collected and divided into the observation group and control group according to the random number table method,59 cases in each group.The observation group received the combined spinal-epidural anesthesia and the control group received epidural anesthesia.The coagulation function indicators on preoperative 1 d (T0),at 10 min before operation end(T1) and postoperative 6 h (T2) were detected by adopting the automatic blood coagulation analyzer,the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) function indices were detectd by radioimmunoassay.The pain indicators at postoperative 6 h(T2),12 h (T3) were detected by the pain threshold test instrument.Results The levels of prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) at T1 and T2 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group,while the PTA level was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05);serum RAAS indices such as (renin),angiotensin Ⅱ(ANG II) aldosterone(ALD) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The VAS score at T2,T3 in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,while the pain threshold and pain tolerance threshold levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia can reduce the blood coagulation and RAAS activation caused by cesarean section trauma,and the effect of postoperative analgesia is more significant.

Objective To compare the EC50 of Propofol for inhibiting intubation response. Methods 80 cases un-derwent tracheal intubation general anesthesia, all patients were randomly divided into two groups. The general situ-ation between the two groups showed no significant difference. Except for Propofol, other anesthesia drugs infusion method and dosage were the same. Sequential determination the EC50 of Propofol which for inhibiting intubation re-sponse of each groups by up-and-down. Propofol target concentration of the first patient was set to 4 μg/ml, and ad-justed according to intubation stress response disappeared or not, concentration of two adjacent patients with ratio of 1.2. Results A group inhibited the cardiovascular responses of Propofol EC50 and 95%CI was 5.19 μg/ml (95%CI:4.88 ~ 5.50 μg/ml). B group inhibited the cardiovascular responses of Propofol EC50 and 95 %CI was 4.15μg/ml (95%CI:3.80~4.40μg/ml). The EC50 and 95% confidence interval of the B group were significantly lower than those of the A group ( P< 0.05). The MAP and HR at T2 were higher than that of T1 in each group ( P< 0.05), and the MAP and HR of observe group were lower than that of control group ( P< 0.05). The MAP and HR at T3 were lower than that of T1 in control group ( P< 0.05), but there were no significant deference in observe group ( P> 0.05).Conclusion The EC50 and 95% confidence interval of Propofol for inhibiting intubation response under photopic laryngoscopes was significant lower than those of under direct laryngoscopes, the circulation during period of induc-tion and intubation was more stable.

Objective To compare the effects of five different target-controlled concentrations of propofol combined with finite concentration of remifentanil on intraoperative awareness,so as to determine the safer and more effective concentration of propofol which could decrease explicit memory and reduce the incidence of intraoperative awareness. Methods One hundred and fifty patients ( ASAⅠ-Ⅱ) were randomly divided into five groups. There was no significant difference between each group in general condition. Before awaking,the target controlled concentration of remifentanil was adjusted to 2. 4 μg·L-1 in all five groups. Groups R1,R2,R3,R4 and R5 also received 0. 9%normal saline,0. 5 mg·L-1,1. 0 mg·L-1,1. 5 mg·L-1 and 2. 0 mg·L-1 of target controlled infusion ( TCI) of propofol, respectively. Narcotrend index ( NI), mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate (HR) and t [the time from t1(the time of awareness beginning) to the end of awareness] at t0(the time of adjusting propofol),t1,t2(the period of awareness),t3(wake period end 5 min) were recorded. Elimination of explicit memory after surgery was followed up. Results There were no significant differences in t and NI between groups R1,R2 and R3(P>0. 05). NI of groups R4 and R5 was significantly lower than that in groups R1,R2 and R3(P<0. 05),but t of groups R4 and R5 was longer than that in the other groups (P<0. 05). The MAP,HR and explicit memory of groups R3,R4 and R5 were lower than those in groups R1 and R2 (P<0. 05),but there were no significant differences between groups R3,R4 and R5 (P>0. 05). Conclusion Target controlled infusion of remifentanil 2. 4μg·L-1 combined with TCI propofol 1. 0 mg·L-1 does not affect the wakening controllability. The circulation was steadier and explicit memory could be eliminated during intraoperative awakening.

Objective To investigate feedback regulation of close-loop muscle relaxant injection system on accuracy of cisatracurium besilate usage. Methods Two hundred patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery, aged 20 to 40 years old, at ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ, were randomly divided into two groups:control group and treatment group (n=100 each group).In the control group, the patients received injection of cisatracurium besilate with closed-loop muscle relaxant injection system at 1.5-2.0 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 , until 30 min before the end of surgery;if the muscle relaxant level could not meet the requirement of the operation, extra 0.05 mg·kg-1 was added.The treatment group was adopted closed-loop muscle relaxant monitoring under negative feedback regulation of infusion cisatracurium, and the close-loop control parameters were set to: drug was added when TOF was 8%, and injection speed was 2. 5 μg · kg-1 · min-1 , maintaining speed was 0. 33 μg · kg-1 · min-1 , the stimulus current for monitoring muscle relaxant was 60 mA , and the pulse width was 200μs.The Cooper score, cisatracurium dosage, and muscle recovery index, TOFr75 and TOFr90 of the two groups were compared. Prediction probability ( Pk ) of NI on awakening period of eye opening and directional force recovery of the two groups were detected, and regression equation was established to predict ED50 and ED95 related NI . Results Cooper score was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group ( P<0. 01 ) . Muscle recovery index, TOFr75 , TOFr90 , and cisatracurium dosage per unit time and body mass were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group(P<0.01). Pk of NI on awakening period of eye opening and directional force recovery of the two groups were higher than 0.5; and Pk of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group ( P<0.01) . Regression equation predicted that ED95 was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group ( P<0.01) , while the ED50 between the two groups has no significant difference ( P>0.05) . Conclusion The accuracy of closed loop muscle relaxant injection system is higher than that of the traditional method, it provides better muscle relaxation effect for tracheal intubation, reduces recovery time, increases the Pk of NI on patient awakening.

Objective To evaluate the effect of propofol with different sedation depth on CERO 2 of elder patientsduring anesthesia. Method 60 case patients under cholecystotomywith laparoscope, ASA IorⅡgrading, 65-75 year old , 45-75 kg , were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 20 ) and were divided into group A (3 μg/mL), group B (4 μg/mL), group, C (5 μg/mL), according to TCI of propofol. TCI in different groups were modified after gereral anesthesia. Bloodgas was analyzed by blood samples taken from radial artery and Sjv ball, Da-jvO2 and CERO2 were calculated. Results The Da-jvO2 and CERO2 of group B and C were significantly lower thanthose of group A at T2,3, while CjvO2 were significantly higher thangroup A (P < 0.05). The Da-jvO2 and CERO2 of group B and C werenot significantly different (P > 0.05); NI value of group A in T1-3 was significantly higher thangroup B (P < 0.05), while. NI value of group B in T1-3 was significantly higher thangroup C (P < 0.05). Conclusion Propofol TCI 4 μg/mL, can improve cerebral oxygen metabolism of elder patients and decrease CERO2.

Objective To determine the EC50 of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride ( DEX) which causes disappearance of explicit memory by process dissociation procedure (PDP). Methods Forty patients those who had senior middle school or higher educational background undergoing lower extremity surgery with grade ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ, without hearing impairment, dysphasia,nervous system disorders,and having no drugs in the treatment of the central nervous system were included.PDP was applied to establish study table and record, and calculate performance of explicit memory and implicit memory. Memory performance was statistically compared with 0, 0 memory was considered to be statistically significant and disappearance, respectively.Sequential method was used for determination.According to explicit memory disappearance or not,target concentration of the next patient was adjusted (increase or decrease).DEX target concentration of the first patient was set to 4 ng?mL-1,and the ratio of target concentration between the adjacent patients was 1.2.If the explicit memory of the former patient disappeared,the target concentration of the next patient was decreased by 1 concentration gradient;if the explicit memory of the former patient did not disappear,the target concentration of the next patient was increased by 1 concentration gradient, and so forth. All the 40 patients were determined.The median effective dose (D1) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of DEX were calculated. Results The ED50 of DEX causing explicit memory disappearance was 5.23 ng?mL-1,and the 95% CI was 4.07-6.39 ng?mL-1. Conclusion In clinical,target concentration of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride 5.23 ng?mL-1 levels for sedation,can cause half of patients’ explicit memory disappear,so as to avoid intraoperative awareness.

Objective Toexploretheclinicalvalueofiterativedecompositionofwaterandfatwithechoasymmetryandleast-squaresestimationquantitationsequence(IDEAL-IQ)foraccurateandquantitativeevaluationofvertebraebodyfatfraction(FF)of lumbar.Methods Accordingtotheresultsofbonemineraldensity(BMD),60healthycheckers/patientsmatchingthestudycriteria weredividedintothenormalBMDgroup(groupA,n=17),thelowBMDgroup(groupB,n=18)andtheosteoporosis(OP)group (OP,groupC,n=25).Theageofthreegroupswasanalyzed.T1WI,T2WI,andIDEAL-IQsequenceswerescannedwithsagittallumbar.Rectangular ROIwereoutlinedonFatFracmaps,FFsweremeasuredthreetimesonvertebraebodyoflumbar1(L1),L2,L3,L4,L5,andtheFF ofeachlumbarwasrespectivelyaveragedtoanalyzethedifferencewithinandbetweengroups.Results Theageamongthethree groups(F=13.414,P=0.000)werestatisticallysignificantdifference.Inbothcomparisons,theagewassignificantdifferencebetweengroupA andB,aswellasbetweengroupAandC,butnotbetweengroupBandC.TheFFofL1-L5withineachgroupwerenotstatistically significantdifference(F=0.680,0.863,0.539,P=0.608,0.490,0.707),whilealldifferencesbetweeneachgroupwithFFofL1-L5 werestatisticalsignificance(F=12.758,9.646,5.195,8.048,8.849,P=0.000,0.000,0.008,0.001,0.000).Comparisonbetweenthe groups,theFFofL3andL5inthegroupAandBwerenotstatisticallydifferent,aswellastheL2,L3,L4inthegroupBandC, whiletheothersbetweentwogroupswerestatisticallysignificantdifference.Conclusion Astheageincreases,BMDgraduallydecreases,whilethe FFofL1-L5graduallyincreases.ItisofaccuratelyevaluatelumbarvertebraeFFbyIDEAL-IQ,whichmayhelppredictOP.