Calorie restriction refers to a dietary regimen low in calories without malnutrition.During the recent 70 years,the benefit of calorie restriction regimen has been explored extensively.Work in widely diverse species,from model organism to rodents even human beings,has demonstrated that calorie restriction is an effective nutritional intervention for retarding aging and preventing chronic diseases.

Objective To explore the effects of temperature and relative humidity on radon exhalation rate of glazed tile in the hermetic environment. Methods Ordinary glazed tile was used as experimental object to detect radon concentration with Model 1027 continuous radon monitor in a 0.25 m3 simulation chamber at different temperature and humidity,and then calculated the radon exhalation rate. Results In reasonable range,a cubic correlation between radon exhalation rate(ER) and relative humidity(RH) expressed as ER=0.000 2RH3-0.040 2RH2+2.623 9RH-32.303(R2=0.986 6)was found; a cubic function relationship between radon exhalation rate(ER) and temperature(t) expressed as ER=-0.022 5t3+2.016 5t2-58.748t+565.05(R2=0.969 8)was also observed. Conclusion Environmental temperature and relative humidity have great effects on radon exhalation rate of glazed tile.

BACKGROUND:Conditioned medium from mesenchymal stem cels (MSC-CM) that contains abundant MSCs paracrine substances may represent a promising alternative to MSCs transplantation. However, normal MSC-CM with insufficient paracrine ability is not effective for tissue damage repair. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of MSC-CM with (MSC-CMHyp) and without hypoxic activation (MSC-CMNor) on the proliferation and apoptosis of radiation-induced injured intestinal epithelial cels (IEC-6) and to further discuss the paracrine mechanisms. METHODS: IEC-6 cels were exposed to 10 Gy irradiation and cultured in MSC-CMHyp, MSC-CMNor, and DMEM-F12 medium, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Findings from trypan blue staining, flow cytometry and western blot assay showed that, compared with the DMEM-F12 medium group, treatment with MSC-CMHyp significantly enhanced IEC-6 viability proliferation after radiation-induced injury, as wel as significantly decreased cel apoptosis and expression of Caspases-3/8 (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the MSC-CMNor group and DMEM-F12 medium group (P > 0.05). On the other hand, the increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, and interleukin-10 were detected in the MSC-CMHyp group compared to the MSC-CMNor group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the MSC-CMHyp improves the viability and proliferative capacity of IEC-6 cels after radiation-induced injuryvia up-regulating secretion of cytokines and down-regulating apoptotic signaling.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the short and long-term therapeutic effects of endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL) plus somatostatin on bleeding esophageal varices METHODS:64 patients with acute esophageal variceal bleeding due to portal hypertension underwent EVL,then the patients were divided into EVL group and EVL+somatostatin group RESULTS:The short-term hemostatic rates reached 93% in both groups There were significant differences in postoperative rebleeding rate and average interval of rebleeding between two groups(P

BACKGROUND:Conditioned medium from mesenchymal stem cels (MSC-CM) may represent a promising alternative to MSCs transplantation. Previous studies have shown that inflammatory activation can strengthen the multiple biological potencies of MSCs; however, normal MSCs with insufficiency of immunocompetence and migration ability are not effective for tissue damage repair. OBJECTIVE:To investigate differential effects of MSC-CM with and without inflammatory activation on radiation-induced intestinal injury.METHODS:MSCs from the bone marrow of SD rats were separated, cultured and identified, and then co-cultured with non-irradiated IEC-6 or irradiated IEC-6 in a transwel system for 24 hours. Then, MSCs with inflammatory activation were cultured alone for another 48 hours. After that, the supernatant was colected as non-activated MSC-CM (MSC-CMNOR) and MSC-CM under radiation-induced inflammatory condition (MSC-CMIR). Rats were exposed to 14 Gy whole abdominal irradiation and randomly divided into four groups: control group, radiation injury group (DMEM/F12), MSC-CMNOR group and MSC-CMIR group. Continuous administration was givenvia tail vein and intraperitoneal implantation of Alzet microosmotic pumps. Intestinal samples were colected at 1, 3, 7 days after radiation for analysis of short circuit variation, at 3 days after radiation for analysis of intestinal epithelium ultrastructure, and at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 days after radiation for histological observation of the intestinal epithelium using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Blood samples were colected at 1, 3, 7 days after radiation for analysis of serum xylose levels. In addition, the survival state and survival time of rats were observed and recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The short circuit variation responding to electrical field stimulation was significantly reduced at al frequencies, but it was significantly improved in the MSC-CMIR group. Similarly, the intestinal absorption (serum xylose levels) was also significantly impaired by irradiation, but improved by delivery of MSC-CMIR (P < 0.05). At 3 days after MSC-CMIR infusion, the intestinal epithelium exhibited an increase in crypt size and vilous length (P < 0.05). Under the electron microscope, a reduction in intestinal microvili and open tight junctions in irradiated intestinal epithelium was found, and the intestine from rats treated with MSC-CMIR had more obvious tight junctions. In addition, treatment with MSC-CMIR dramaticaly improved the survival rate and mean survival time of irradiated rats as compared to those treated with DMEM/F12 or MSC-CMNOR (P < 0.05). Taken together, the present study demonstrated that MSC-CMIR , but not non-activated MSC-CM, improves the structural and functional restoration of the smal intestine after radiation-induced intestinal injury.

Objective To study the etiology,relevant factors and endoscopic characteristics of acute lower gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage.Methods A total of 938 patients receiving emergency colonoscopy for acute lower gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage were collected to study the etiological profiles.Different causes between young group and elderly group were also recorded.Results The total detectable rate of acute lower gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage in respect of causes was 96.16％ (902/938).The five leading causes were colorectal malignancy (41.26％),erosive colorectal polypus (12.37％),inflammatory bowel disease (9.59％),erosive and ulcer colitis (10.34％) and hemorrhoids (8.64％).Compared with youth and middle age patients,the incidence of colorectal malignancy (x2 =68.116,df =2,P =0.000) and colorectal polyps (x2 =9.101,df =2,P =0.011) were significantly increased in elderly patients,while incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (x2 =62.150,df=2,P =0.000) and erosive and ulcer colitis (x2 =20.292,df =2,P =0.000) were significantly decreased in those patients.Conclusions Emergency colonoscopy for diagnosis of acute lower gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage is an important measure.The major manifestation is bleeding resulting from colorectal malignancy,erosive colorectal polypus,inflammatory bowel disease,erosive and ulcer colitis and anal hemorrhoid.Age is associated with the cause of lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding induced by different kinds of lesions at the colorectum.

Objective To compare sedated water exchange and conventional colonoscopy in the recovery time,rates of reaching ileocecal valve and adenoma detection.Methods A total of 200 newly diagnosed patients undergoing colonoscopy with routine bowel preparation and propofol intravenous anesthesia were randomly divided into 2 groups:water exchange group (WE) and conventional group,100 patients in each group.The operations were performed by two experienced physicians.The recovery time,rates of reaching ileocecal valve and adenoma detection of each group were analyzed and compared after operation.Results The recovery times of patients in water exchange and conventional groups were 8.08±0.58 min and 12.34±0.72 min,respectively (F =2 147.33,P＜ 0.05).Rates of reaching ileocecal valve were 100.00％(100/100,WE group) and 96.00％ (96/100,conventional group),respectively(x2 =4.17,P＜0.05).Adenoma detection rates of whole colon were 43.00％ (43/100,WE group) and 29.00％ (29/100,conventional group) (x2=4.25,P＜0.05),of which small adenomas (＜ 1.0 cm) accounted for 83.96％ (89/106,WE group) and 70.59％ (48/68,conventional group) (x2 =4.43,P ＜ 0.05),respectively.Adenoma detection rates of proximal colon were 28.00％ (28/100,WE group) and 20.00％ (20/100,conventional group) (x2 =1.75,P＞ 0.05),of which small adenomas (＜ 1.0 cm) accounted for 90.41％ (66/73,WE group) and 74.47％ (35/47,conventional group) (x2 =5.45,P ＜ 0.05),respectively.Conclusion Water exchange colonoscopy can not only shorten the recovery time of patients,but also increase rates of reaching ileocecal valve and adenoma detection.

Objective To analyze the difference of salivary microbiome between the patients with functional dyspepsia and healthy controls.Methods Saliva samples were collected from the patients with functional dyspepsia and healthy control.Genomic DNA of the samples was extracted,and the high-throughput sequencing technology was used to conduct DNA sequence of 16S rRNA-V4 region.Subsequently,all the data were performed by the bioinformatic analysis.Results The salivary microbiome in the functional dyspepsia group was dominated by Proteobacteria,while Bacteroidetes was the top microbiota in the heathy control group.In the functional dyspepsia group,the Chao1 index,ACE index,Shannon index and Simpson index were 1 295,1 351,4.93 and 0.90 respectively.In the healthy control group,the above indexes were 1 001,1 351,5.28 and 0.92 respectively.The PCoA ba sically separated the microbiome composition of the two groups.Sixteen kinds of microbiota were significantly different between two groups using linear discriminant analysis effect size tool,including Bacteroidetes,Prevotella,Prevotellaceae,Neisseria,Betaproteobacteria and Proteobacteria,etc.Conclusion Saliva in the patients with functional dyspesia has characteristic microbiome composition,which is dominated by Proteobacteria,but the richness and diversity between the two groups have no difference.Neisseria is one of the significantly different bacteria between the two groups.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of conservative therapy on prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc(PLID).Methods 365 PID patients included 78 acute cases and 287 subacute cases.The treating principle for acute cases was eliminating edema and aseptic inflammation,and that for subacute cases was releasing adhesion and removing inflammatory stimulation to nerve root.Results Of 78 acute patients,60 cases(76.9%) healed,18 cases(23.1%) improved;of 287 subacute patients,186 cases(64.8%) healed,101 cases(35.2%) improved,the effective rate of 365 patients was 99.7%.Conclusion Conservative therapy is effect on PLID at acute and subacute periods.

Objective:To investigate the safety of adjuvant radiotherapy following local resection for early stage low rectal cancer and its effect on patients’ serum CA199 expression ,urinary function ,and survival time .Methods:A total of 120 patients with early stage low rectal cancer were enrolled .By random number table method ,they were divided into the treatment group and the control group ,with 60 patients in each group .Local resection was given for low rectal cancer in two groups . Postoperative radiotherapy was conducted in the treatment group for a period of five weeks . Results: The main adverse reactions in two groups during the treatment were bone marrow suppression ,gastrointestinal reactions ,neurotoxicity ,and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups .The serum CA199 expression in both groups after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment (P< 0 .05) .The expression of serum CA199 in the treatment group after treatment was also significantly lower than that in the control group (P< 0 .05) .The urinary function in the treatment group after treatment was significantly superior to that in the control group ,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .All patients were followed up till July 2015 .The median survival time [(27 .63 ± 2 .13) months] and the median progression‐free survival [(21 .23 ± 1 .98) months] in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(21 .94 ± 2 .89) months and (18 .81 ± 2 .11) months] ,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Conclusions:The adjuvant radiotherapy following local resection is safe for the early stage low rectal cancer .It can reduce the serum CA199 expression ,promote the recovery of urinary function and prolong the survival time of patients .