OBJECTIVE:To discuss the cost-effectiveness of4therapeutic schemes in the treatment of Type2diabetes.METHODS:Cost-effectiveness analyses were made on4therapeutic schemes by using pharmacoeconomical principle,which were:metformin+clipizde(Scheme A),metformin+pioglitazone(Scheme B),metformin+repaglinide(Scheme C),and met-formin+novolin30R(Scheme D).RESULTS:There was no significant difference in the total effective rate among4schemes.The cost-effectiveness ratios in Scheme A,B,C and D were2.21,3.21,2.63,and6.54,respectively.The cost-effectiveness ratios increments in Scheme B,C,and D were64.82,—6.41,and51.25as against Scheme A.CONCLUSION:Among the4schemes,Scheme A is the preferable choice.

Objective To study the correlation of blood drug concentration determination of sodium valproate in children with epilepsy by using enzyme-multiplied immunoassay test (EMIT) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), so as to provide basis of selection in clinical determination of sodium valproate ( VPA) .Methods 200 blood samples of epileptic children taking sodium valproate were collected, blood concentration were determined by EMIT and HPLC method, and the correlation was analyzed.Results The following regression equation was obtained by determination results of HPLC (X) and EMIT (Y): Y=1063.517X-331.351(r=0.933), which had significant correlation (P<0.05).The plasma concentration of VPA determined by EMIT was higher than that by HPLC.Conclusion The determination results of VPA concentration in epileptic children by using EMIT and HPLC has significant correlation, and it should choose the suitable method to determine the blood drug concentration of VPA based on the actual situation.

OBJECTIVE:To improve the quality of ADR reports. METHODS:By using intensive hospital monitoring mode, ADR reports before and after the application of the system would be collected and factors as report quantity,type,time and quality of reports were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:It provided rapid reporting function after the implementotion of the system. Total quantity of reported ADR cases increased from 589 to 748,and the proportion of all the serious ADR reports increased from 62.8%to 11.76%. The score of repert quality increased from 93.64 to 98.36,the proportion of time-out reports increased from 94.05% to 97.33%,with statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Rapid reporting system of ADR in the hospital is beneficial to improve the efficiency and guarantee the quality of the reports. It also can expand the coverage of the monitoring network,and can lay the foundation for drug safety scientific evaluation and monitoring.

Objective To comparatively analyze the difference and characteristics of high mobility group box-1 protein(HMGB1) level with the levels in the patients with different severities of acute biliary tract infection (ABTI) to provide reference for its clinical diagnosis and treatment .Methods One hundred cases of ABTI in our hospital were divided into the mild group (48 cases) ,moder-ate group (29 cases) and severe group (23 cases) according to the severity of the disease .The HMGB1 detection results were com-pared among 3 groups and the differences in different disease types ,sex and age were analyzed .Results (1)The HMGB1 level had statistically significant difference among 3 groups (P<0 .05) ,moreover the mild group< moderate group< severe group ;(2)in the detection results ,the HMGB1 level in the mild group and moderate group had no statistical difference between males and fe-males(P>0 .05) ,but in the severe group ,the HMGB1 level in males was significantly higher than that in females (P<0 .05);(3) the HMGB1 level in the mild group had no statistical difference among difference age groups (P> 0 .05) ,while in the moderate group and severe group ,the HMGB1 level in the patients aged > 60 years old was significantly higher than that in the patients aged ≤60 years old(P<0 .05);(4) in the above 3 groups ,the HMGB1 level in the patients with acute cholecystitis was signifi-cantly higher than that in the patients with acute cholangitis (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The study results analysis indicates that the severe the ABTI disease condition ,the serum HMGB1 level is also accordingly and relatively increased ,in the patients with different severity degrees of ABTI ,the serum HMGB1 level has significant differences in age ,sex and disease type ,which prompts that the HMGB1 level can be used as the laboratory index for predicting and reflecting the ABTI severity and can be paid attention to .

To review the recent progress about the anatomical and radiographical studies of bifid mandibular canal (BMC) in English literature recorded in PubMed from 2006 to 2015 to deepen our understanding of BMC. A BMC is an anatomical variation of the mandibular canal; its occurrence might be a result of the incomplete fusion of mandibular canal during prenatal development. The four types of BMC have been classified according to anatomical location and configuration. Characteristic radiographic features and identifying methods of BMC on panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were described; the visibility of BMC on panoramic radiographs and CBCT images was compared. Clinical value of identifying the location as well as the configuration of BMC for surgical procedures that involve the mandible was discussed.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Mandible ; abnormalities ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Radiography, Panoramic

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are a new kind of biological fluorescence material, which has many advantages, such as broad excitation spectra, tunable emission spectra and good photostability. In the field of biomedical detection, the problems encountered in the traditional organic dye-based biomedical detections, such as short fluorescence lifetime and failure to simultaneous excitation of multiple colors, can be solved by using QDs. Water-soluble QDs combined with specific bio-molecules can label targeting bio-compound, which is useful in bio-molecule detection, cell labeling, tissue imaging, and can be used in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology. Combining QDs and protein chip technology to develop a new technology to detect multiple kinds of tumor markers will be one of the promising clinical applications of QDs with greater sensitivity, specificity, rapidity and convenience.
Animals ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; methods ; Humans ; Protein Array Analysis ; Quantum Dots ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective To analyze the correlation between critical thinking ability and self- efficacy for nursing students in university of traditional Chinese medicine, so as to provide references and evidences for nursing quality teaching. Methods A total of 291 nursing students in university of traditional Chinese medicine were investigated with Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory- Chinese Version (CTDI- CV) and General Self- Efficacy Scale (GSES). Results The total scores of critical thinking ability and self- efficacy were (288.24±32.95) and (25.44±5.74). There were consistence between critical thinking ability and self- efficacy (r=0.348, P<0.01). Regression analysis revealed that self- efficacy and interpersonal relations were predictors of critical thinking ability. Conclusions There were consistence between critical thinking ability and self- efficacy. Self- efficacy and interpersonal relations were predictors of critical thinking ability. It is suggested to promote critical thinking ability by enhancing self- efficacy and interpersonal relations, which contributes to improvement of comprehensive quality.

OBJECTIVE To explore the outcomes of CO2 laser assisted stapedotomy with artificial stapes prostheses in the treatment of advanced otosclerosis. METHODS Between January 2010 and January 2014, 15 patients (16 ears) diagnosed as advanced otosclerosis accepted CO2 laser assisted stapedotomy with artificial stapes implantation in our department. The averaged preoperative air conduction threshold of the speech frequency was 70.21 dB HL, the averaged bone conduction threshold was 38.49 dB HL, the averaged air-bone gap (ABG) was 31.72 dB HL. All cases were followed up for more than 6 months after operation. RESULTS All cases accepted auditory follow up after 6 months postoperatively. The speech frequency average air conduction threshold was 43.7 dB HL, the average bone conduction threshold was 28.95 dB HL, the average ABG was 14.75 dB HL. The ABG≤20 dB was achieved in 9 ears (56.3%) and ABG closure (≤10 dB) was achieved in 6 ears (37.5%). No cases appeared intractable vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, secondary facial paralysis and other serious complications. CONCLUSION CO2 laser assisted technique reduced the probability of serious complications of stapedotomy, most patients with hearing level improved significantly. It's a safe, practical, relatively economical choice for advanced otosclerosis.

Objective: To investigate the delay in identification, healthcare-seeking, and definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis among students in Urumqi City from 2010 to 2019, and to identify the influencing factors, so as to provide insights into tuberculosis control among students. Methods: The demographic and diagnosis data of tuberculosis patients in Urumqi City from 2010 to 2019 were captured from the Tuberculosis Information Management System of Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System. The delay in identification, healthcare-seeking and definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis was analyzed among students, and the factors affecting the delay in identification, healthcare-seeking and definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 996 tuberculosis cases were identified among students in Urumqi City from 2010 to 2019. There were 702 students with delay in identification of tuberculosis (70.48%), 500 students with delay in healthcare-seeking (55.22%) and 534 students with delay in definitive diagnosis (53.61%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified active identification (OR=0.116, 95%CI: 0.032-0.420) as a factor affecting delay in identification of tuberculosis, women (OR=1.424, 95%CI: 1.104-1.836), non-local household registration (OR=1.311, 95%CI: 1.016-1.694) and active identification (OR=0.232, 95%CI: 0.064-0.848) as factors affecting delay in healthcare-seeking, and active identification (OR=0.143, 95%CI: 0.032-0.644) as a factor affecting delay in definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis among students. Conclusions There is a high proportion of delay in identification, healthcare-seeking and definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis among students in Urumqi City from 2010 to 2019, and female and non-locally household-registered students were at a high risk of delay in healthcare-seeking for tuberculosis. Active detection and screening of tuberculosis should be reinforced.

Objective:To observe the effects of different moxibustion times on proteins of transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) ion channel protein and synovial cell apoptosis in rats with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), to provide a new basis for the anti-inflammatory mechanism of moxibustion. Methods:A total of 50 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into a normal group, a model group, moxibustion groupⅠ, moxibustion groupⅡ and moxibustion groupⅢ by complete randomization, with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the normal group were bred routinely, and rats in the model group were also bred routinely after successful modeling. After successful modeling, rats in moxibustion groupⅠ,Ⅱ andⅢ accepted consecutive moxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36) and Shenshu (BL 23) for 15 d, once a day, respectively 5 min, 20 min and 30 min for each session. The degree of paw edema was observed and recorded. Immunohistochemical assay was used to detect the protein expression of TRPV3 ion channel in dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord dorsal horn. Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to detect apoptotic synovial cell number. Results: At the end of treatment, paw circumference of rats in moxibustion groupⅡ andⅢ were significantly reduced as compared with that in the model group (P<0.05). TRPV3 ion channel protein expression of dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord dorsal horn was higher in the model group than that in the normal group (P<0.05); the TRPV3 ion channel protein expressions of dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord dorsal horn in moxibustion groupⅡ andⅢ were higher than that in moxibustion groupⅠ (P<0.05); apoptotic synovial cell number in the model group was larger than that in the normal group (P<0.05), and apoptotic synovial cell numbers in moxibustion groupⅡ andⅢ were significantly higher than that in the model group (P<0.05). Conclusion:Moxibustion of appropriate time could induce TRPV3 expression, and promote synovial cell apoptosis.