Objective To observe effects of angieminⅡ(AngⅡ)and captopril on outward potassium channel currents in canine atrial myoeytes,and to study mechanisnof Ang II and capupril on atrial arrhythmia.Method Ten healthy adult mongrel dogs(general class),weighing 15 to 20 kg,male and female informality,were provided bythe service centre of Tianjin Li-qun experimental animals.Single canine atrial myotcyte was acutely isolated and whole-cell configtmtion of the patch-clamp tchnique was used to detec trapidly activating delayed reefifier outward K+ current(Ikr),slowly activating delayed recti fier outward K+ current(Iks),ultra-rapidly aetivatin delayed rectifier outward K+ current(Ikur)and transient outward potassium current(Ito)before and after An II and captopril peffion.Software of pClamp 7.0 for windows and pClampfit 7.0 Was used to measure current and data were expressed as mean±standard deviation(x±s).SPSS 10.0 statistical was used for statistical analysis.The paired t test was useel for comparison betwn before and after treatment.P<0.05 was comidered as statistical significance.Results AngII(0.5/mol/L)increased Ikr and Iks,ilfibited Ito[(19.54±2.41)pA/pF vs.(24.83±2.52)pA/pF,P=0.001;(20.69±2.29)pA/pF Vfl.(25.59±3.42)pA/pF,P:0.0003;(6.34±1.93)pA/pF vs.(3.71±1.50)pA/pF,P=0.001)],and had no effect on k[(19.78±1.22 pA/pr Vs.(20.39±1.50)pA/pF,P=0.258)].Captopril(5tot/L)had no significant effect on Ikr.,b.k and[(19.11 4-4.91)pA/pF vs.(18.99 4-4.04)-∥pF,P=0.808;(20.76 4-2.89)pA/pF vs.(20.27 a-3.46)pA/pF,P=0.305;(18.50 4-3.78)pA/pF vs.(18.25 4-4.02)pA/pF,P=0.704;(7.31±1.99)pA/pF vs.(6.89±2.12)pA/pF,P=0.136)].Conclusioas AngⅡmay promote atrial electrical remocof atrial fibrillation through outward potassium currents.As angiotemin-eonverting enzy/ne inhibitor.captioruk can prevent atrial electrical rodding of atrial fibrillation by inhibiting renin-angiotensin-system.

Objective To elucidate the genome organization of small deletion mutants of hepatitis B virus(HBV).Methods Amplified the HBV genomes by polymerase chain reaction from the serum of the patients with chronic hepatitis B and cloned the small HBV DNA less than 1 kb,then sequenced and analyzed the gene organization of these small deletion mutants of HBV.Results Totally one hundred and twenty-four small deletion mutants of HBV genomes categorized to sixty-four types were obtained and classified into three groups according to the criteria of the characteristics of gene organization,for example,spliced variants,regular deletion mutants and the deletion mutants with an internal poly (dA).All of these isolated mutants shared some common features as the deletion in coding regions and regulatory elements,66% of the mutants retained the cis elements crucial for the viral replication and encapsidation,while 48% retained the X region.Conclusions Small deletion mutants of HBV are commonly detected in the serum from chronic hepatitis B patients,the characteristic structure of such mutants implies that they might be closely co-related with the pathogenicity of HBV.The exact mechanisms need further study yet.

Objective To summarize the experience on clinical diagnosis and treatment for cervical neurilemmoma. Methods The clinical data of 77 cases of cervical neurilemmoma from 1976 to 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The diagnosis was dependent on the anamnesis, clinical presentations, ultrasonography, CT and cytology of fine needle aspiration. Correct preoperative diagnosis was abtained in 51 cases (66. 2% ) , and the misdiagnosis rate was 33. 8% (26/77). All patients underwent surgical resection. The postoperative diagnosis was benign neurilemmoma by pathological examinations. The postoperative complications included recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries (6 cases) , Horner syndrome (4 cases) , tongue deviation (3 cases), neck pain or numbness (2 cases) and reffered pain in limb (1 case). Sixteen patients were followed up, and these symptomes disappeared after 3-11 months. Nerve dysfunction remained in 2 out of 3 patients in whom the vagus was wrongly amputated during the operation. Intraoperative inadvertent sympathetic nerve amputation caused permanent nerve dysfunction. Conclusion B-mode ultrasonography, CT and fine needle aspiration cytology are useful for the diagnosis of cervical neurilemmoma. Surgical resection is most effective among all available therapies.

Objective To investigate the effects of the novel protein,TPds encoded by the 2.2 kb doubly spliced variant of hepatitis B virus(HBV)genome on the regulatory elements of HBV.Methods HBV promoters and enhancers were amplified by PCR and respectively cloned into the plasmid pGL3-basic to construct the recombinant firefly luciferase reporter vectors including pGL3-BCP(harboring basal core promoter),pGL3-CP1601(core promoter with enhancer Ⅱ),pGL3-XP(minimal X gene promoter),pGL3 XP1071(X gene promoter with enhancer Ⅰ),pGL3-SP1(promoter of large surface antigen)and pGL3-SP2 (promoter of middle surface antigen).The recombinant reporter plasmids were respectively co-transfected with either the pcDNA3.1/HisC-TPds(TPd8 expression plasmid)or pcDNA3.1/HisC(empty control)into Huh7 hepatocytes by FuGENE6 transfection reagent.Cells were lysed 48 h post transfection,the intracellulax luciferase activities were monitored and calculated by SPSS11.5 software.Results As compared with the empty control of pcDNA3.1/HisC.the intracellular luciferase activities were elevated when the Huh7 hepatocytes were co-transfected by pcDNA3.1/HisC-TPds with one of the recombinant reporter plasmids as pGL3-CP1601,pGL3-XP1071,pGL3-SP1,or pGL3-SP2,while no changes with pGL3-BCP or pGL3-XP.Conduslon TPds could transactivate the HBV regulatory elements a8 promoter SP1,SP2.and enhancer Ⅰ,Ⅱ,while no influences on basal core promoter and minimal X gene promoter.

Objective To summarize the experience in prevention and treatment of iatrogenic bile duct injury Methods Clinical data of 112 cases with iatrogenic bile duct injury in ten hospitals of Songhua river drainage area from January 1978 to January 2003 were analyzed retrospectively Results The main cause of iatrogenic bile duct injury was wrong identifying the anatomy of the Calot′s triangle before cholecystectomy accounting for 55 4% (62/112) Diagnosis depended on clinical features, celiac puncture and imaging examination Ultrasonography was among the most sensitive diagnostic means (diagnostic rate=97 5%) Six types of injury were identified according to their locations and type Ⅲ damage was most common in clinical practice (92/112) The curative rate in this group was 95 5% (107/112) Eighty seven cases (77 7%) underwent Roux en Y choledochojejunostomy, with cure rate of 94 3%(82/87) Conclusion Iatrogenic bile duct injury prevention lies in identifing the topography of extrahepatic bile ducts Roux en Y choledochojejunostomy is usually the therapy of choice

The placement of the flexible ureteroscopic sheath during lithotripsy may injure the ureter. We have developed a double-tube flexible ureteral access sheath. Thirteen patients with renal calculi were treated with double-tube and flexible sheath in one stage. CT examination of 13 cases showed that the ureter was normal. The double-tube flexible ureteral access sheath makes the operation of sheathing easy, safe and effective.