Purpose To study the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype and differential diagnosis of solid papillary carcinoma (SPC) of breast.Methods 73 cases of breast SPC with or without invasive carcinoma were collected, and the clinical data and histopathologic features were analyzed with further investigation of transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining (EnVision method). Selected antibodies included cytokeratin (CK), myoepithelial markers, neuroendocrine markers, proliferation marker Ki-67 and ER,PR,c-erbB-2,etc.Results All the patients were females with mean age of 64.7 years.The presenting symptoms were either a palpable breast mass or nipple discharge.Metastasis was observed in 43 cases who had undergone axillary lymph node dissection. Histologically, the tumor displayed a solid-papillary growth pattern, with mucin production demonstrated in 25 cases. Intraductal papilloma was not uncommon at the peripheral area of the tumor. The tumor cells were polygonal, oval, spindled or signet ring-like and contained abundant eosinophilic to granular cytoplasm and mildly to moderately pleomorphic nuclei. More than 5 mitotic figures/10 HPF were observed in 51 cases. 43 cases contained foci of invasive carcinoma which showed similar cytologic features as those of in-situ component. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were negative for basal cell cytokeratin; positivity for smooth muscle actin-alpha and p63 were demonstrated in the myoepithelial layers of fibrovascular cores, as well as around the expanded ductolobular units.Most cases also showed cytoplasmic positivity for chromogranin A (89.0%), synaptophysin (86.3%) and neuron-specific enolase (95.9%).The proliferatiing index, as highlighted by Ki-67 imnunostaining, was 9.2%.The tumor mainly expressed estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. The staining for c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was negative in the most cases. Neuroendocrine granules were seen under transmission electron microscope in the cytoplasm.Conclusions SPC represents a subgroup of low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ.SPC predilection in older women is associated with mucinous and neuroendocrine components. Follow-up data suggest that SPC has a good prognosis.

AIM:To investigate the apoptotic pathway of MCF-7 breast cancer induced by the grub extract in vitro.METHODS:MTT assay was used to determine the effect of the grub extract on proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line and cell toxicity.Morphological changes of the apoptosis in cancer cells were observed by HE staining through invert microscope,light microscope,AO/EB double fluorescent staining under fluorescent microscope.FCM was used to assay the change of apoptotic rate.The expression of Bcl-2,Fas,caspase-9,caspase-3 in apoptotic pathway was detected with immunocytochemical method before and after exposure to the grub extract,and the effect of that on apoptotic pathway was explored.RESULTS:(1)The MTT test showed that the growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line was significantly inhibited by the grub extract in dose and time dependent manners.The inhibitory rate in exposure group was significantly different from that in control group(P

AIM: To detect the signal pathway of apoptosis induced by 4-hydroxyphenyl-retinamide(4-HPR) and the biological effect of parthenolide-induced apoptosis.METHODS: TUNEL staining,FCM analysis,electrophoretic mobile shift assay(EMSA) were used to determine the actual effects and its mechanism of parthenolide on the 4-HPR-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma Hep-3B and SK-Hep-1 cells.RESULTS: The results of TUNEL and PI staining showed that parthenolide selectively enhanced 4-HPR-induced apoptosis in Hep-3B and SK-Hep-1 cells.Subsequent observations using EMSA assay indicated that parthenolide effectively inhibited NF-?B activation during fenretinide-induced apoptosis.CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that parthenolide suppresses 4-HPR-induced apoptosis via inhibition of NF-?B activation and that NF-?B activation during fenretinide-induced apoptosis might have an anti-apoptotic effect.

Objective:To study the anti proliferation and inducing apoptosis effects of cytokine induced killer cells CIK cells on MGC 803 gastric cancer cell lines and to probe its underlying mechanism.Methods:To detect the anti proliferation and the cytotoxicity of CIK cells on MGC 803 gastric cancer line by MTT assay.The morphological changes of the apoptosis cell were observed by HE stain, scanning and transmission electron microscope. The positive expression of p53, p16,C myc were determined by immunocytochemistry (ICC).Results:MTT assay showed that the inhibitive rate inhanced obviously with the addition of Effect/Target rate and extension of time ( P

Objective To explore the appropriate treatment according to the grading system of adolescent idiopathic cervical kyphosis.Methods A retrospective study was performed in 115 adolescent patients with idiopathic cervical kyphosis.The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the magnitude of kyphosis.The initial Cobb angle of 4 groups were 12.7°±1.4° 25.4°±4.8°,47.2°±4.4° and 62.6°±5.7° respectively.The patients in group I were treated with the collar support for 4-8 weeks.The patients in group Ⅱ were treated with skull traction (3-5 kg) and then fixed by cranio-cervical-thoracic plaster.According to the angles between the tangents of posterior vertebral body at each level on lateral cervical radiograph in extension,the anterior fusion levels of the group Ⅲ and angles and range of osteotomy in the group Ⅳ were decided.In group Ⅳ,the patients were treated by two steps.The anterior release and posterior osteotomy were performed firstly.Then skull traction (1/10 body weight) was maintained in order to correct the deformity for 7-10 days,fusion and anterior fusion with autologous bone graft and internal fixation was completed.Results Post-operative radiograph showed that Cobb angle were -5.5°±2.0°,-8.2°±6.1°,-4.5°±6.6° and -2.9°±7.9° in Ⅰ-Ⅳ group after treatment.The deformed appearance of the patients improved significantly.A improvement neck pain and neurologic function were found in all patients.Post-operative MRI showed that physiological curve of the cervical spine was restored,and the cerebrospinal fluid line was clear in the previous kyphosis area.Conclusion Adolescent idiopathic cervical kyphosis has specific characteristics.Surgical strategy is determined by the severity of deformity.

Objective To integrate existing data and analyze the optogenetic application in the study of the cocaine addiction mechanism.Methods The key words optogenetics,addiction, cocaine and so on were selected.Relevant research information was collected from various authentic databases such as China Journal Full-text Database,Chinese Biomedical Databases,Wanfang Digital Journals,VIP Full-text Database and PubMed,SCIENCEDIRECT,SPRINGERLINK databases by literature study,assess the quality of the studies and the qualitative systematic review was conducted in this study.Results Findings from present data showed that:with great spatial and temporal specificity,the optogenetic application not only proved the important role of traditional theories of mesolimbic dopamine system,but also dissected the neural circuits and molecular mechanisms of dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission underlying cocaine addiction.Conclusion The use of optogenetic tools has given researchers the potential to dissect the neuronal circuits and molecular changes,leading us to a better understanding of the mechanisms of cocaine addiction and to the development of novel treatment.

OBJECTIVETo compare clinical efficacy differences between"regulating conception-governor vessel" acupuncture method and clomiphene for infertility of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

METHODSOne hundred patients of PCOS were randomly assigned into an observation group and a control group, 50 cases in each one. The patients in the observation group were treated with"regulating Conception-Governor Vessel" acupuncture method at Zhongwan (CV 12), Guanyuan (CV 4), Qihai (CV 6), Zhongji (CV 3), Mingmen (GV 4), Yaoyangguan (GV 3) and Yaoshu (GV 2). The acupuncture treatment started at the end of menstruation, once every other day; after four treatments, the follicle was tested with B ultrasound; when follicle was longer than 18 mm or above, the acupuncture treatment was given once a day until follicle was discharged and acupuncture treatment finished. The patients in the control group were treated with oral administration of clomiphene from 5 days into menstruation, 50 mg per day for 5 consecutive days. Both groups were treated for three menstruation cycle. The menstrual cycles, endometrial thickness, endometrium types (A, B and C), cervical mucus scores, basal body temperature (BBT), cases of ovulation, cases of pregnancy were observed.The levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E), prolactin (PRL), progesterone (P) and testosterone (T) in serum were detected before and after the treatment.

RESULTSAfter the treatment, the menstrual cycles were shortened (both<0.05),the endometrial thickness and cervical mucus scores were increased in the two groups (<0.05,<0.01); the improvement of endometrial thickness and cervical mucus score in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (both<0.01). The percentages of type-A endometrium in both groups were higher than those before the treatment (both<0.05); the number of type-A endometrium in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (<0.05). The ovulation rate was 88.0% (44/50) in the observation group, which was superior to 70.0% (35/50) in the control group (<0.05). After treatment, the levels of LH were reduced in the two groups (<0.05,<0.01), which was more significant in the observation group (<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe"regulating Conception-Governor Vessel" acupuncture method could improve menstrual cycles, increase endomet-rial thickness and promote the development of follicles in PCOS patient; in addition, it could decrease serum LH level, improve the ovarian functions and increase ovulation rate, which is superior to oral administration of clomiphene.

Objective To investigate the effect of carrimycin on the biological function of pancreatic cancer cells. Methods Pancreatic cancer cell lines MIA PaCa-2, BxPC-3, Panc-1, and PATU 8988 were treated with carrimycin at concentrations of 0 (control group), 2, 4, 8, and 16 μmol/L for 24, 48, and 72 hours. MTT assay was used to measure cell viability; EdU cell proliferation assay was used to observe the effect of carrimycin on DNA replication of pancreatic cancer cells; colony formation assay was used to observe the effect of carrimycin on the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells; flow cytometry was used to analyze the effect of carrimycin on the cell cycle of pancreatic cancer cells; wound healing assay was used to analyze the effect of carrimycin on the migration of pancreatic cancer cells; Western blot was used to measure the expression levels of the markers such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell cycle-dependent protein kinase inhibitor 1A (P21); immunofluorescence assay were used to measure the expression levels of EMT-related markers. An analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t -test was used for further comparison between two groups. Results Compared with the control group, carrimycin significantly inhibited the proliferative activity of MIA PaCa-2, BxPC-3, Panc-1, and PATU 8988 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (all P < 0.01); carrimycin at concentrations of 4, 8, and 16 μmol/L significantly reduced DNA replication in MIA PaCa-2 cells ( t =2.378, 4.984, and 18.970, all P < 0.05) and BxPC-3 cells ( t =4.879, 6.089, and 9.521, all P < 0.01); after treatment with carrimycin at concentrations of 4, 8, and 16 μmol/L, colony formation ability significantly decreased with the increase in drug concentration in MIA PaCa-2 cells ( t =5.889, 11.240, and 15.840, all P < 0.001) and BxPC-3 cells ( t =6.717, 15.800, and 18.850, all P < 0.001). After treatment with carrimycin at concentrations of 4, 8, and 16 μmol/L, there was a significant increase in the proportion of cells in G1 phase in MIA PaCa-2 cells ( t =9.071, 12.280, and 19.360, all P < 0.0001) and BxPC-3 cells ( t =3.061, 4.962, and 8.868, all P < 0.05), and there was a significant reduction in the proportion of cells in S phase in MIA PaCa-2 cells ( t =2.316, 4.165, and 5.562, all P < 0.05) and BxPC-3 cells ( t =2.424, 3.264, and 5.744, all P < 0.05). Western blot further demonstrated that compared with the control group, the expression level of the cell cycle-related protein P21 gradually increased with the increase in the concentration of carrimycin in MIA PaCa-2 cells ( t =5.437, 6.453, and 8.799, all P < 0.001) and BxPC-3 cells ( t =25.130, 44.750, and 52.960, all P < 0.000 1). Wound healing assay showed that after treatment for 12, 24, and 48 hours, carrimycin at concentrations of 0, 4, 8, and 16 μmol/L significantly reduced the lateral migration of MIA PaCa-2 cells (all P < 0.05) and BxPC-3 cells (all P < 0.05). Western blot showed that compared with the control group, carrimycin treatment at concentrations of 4, 8, and 16 μmol/L significantly upregulated the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin in MIA PaCa-2 cells ( t =2.388, 4.899, and 5.819, all P < 0.05) and BxPC-3 cells ( t =2.533, 5.836, and 6.774, all P < 0.05) and significantly downregulated the expression of the interstitial marker Snail in MIA PaCa-2 cells ( t =12.440, 14.830, and 16.800, all P < 0.000 1) and BxPC-3 cells ( t=5.039, 5.893, and 7.725, all P < 0.01), and it also significantly downregulated the expression of the interstitial marker Vimentin in MIA PaCa-2 cells ( t =3.105, 7.752, and 11.200, all P < 0.05) and BxPC-3 cells ( t =2.555, 4.883, and 9.153, all P < 0.05). Conclusion Carrimycin can effectively inhibit the proliferation, migration, and EMT process of pancreatic cancer cells, thereby exerting an antitumor biological activity.