Objective To investigate in vitro activities of 5 fungal agents(amphotericin B,ketoconazole,fluconasole,5-fluorocytoaine and itroconazole)against Penicillium marneffei,providing references for clinical treatment.Methods E-test was used to test the in vitro susceptibilities of 5 antifungal agents (amphotericin B,ketoconazole,fluconasole,5-fluorocytoaine and itroconazole)against yeast form and mycelial form of 52 Penicillium marneffei strains isolated from our hospital.Results The 90% minimal inhibitory concentrations(MIC90)of amphotericin B,ketoconazole,fluconasole,5-fluorocytoaine and itroconazole against yeast form of Penicillium marneffei were 0.250,0.160,24.000,4.000,0.006 mg/L,the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)ranges were 0.004-0.500,0.002-0.016,1.000-256.000,0.002-32.000 and 0.002-0.008 mg/L,respectively;the MIG90 of the 5 agents against mycelial form of Penicil lium marneffei were 1.500,0.125,256.000,24.000 and 0.012 mg/L,respectively;the MIC ranges were 0.064-4.000,0-006-0.940,1-000-256.000,0.125-32.000 and 0.002-0.064 mg/L respectively.Five antifungal agents had different susceptibility patterns against both forms of Penicillium marneffei.And itroconazole was the most susceptible one,ketoconazole follows as the second.There was significant difference between the MICs of the same agent against yeast form of Penicillium marneffei and mycelial form of Penicillium marneffei.Conclusion In vitro antifungal agents suscepbibility tests of Penicillium marneffei can provide important references information for clinical treatment.

Objective To observe the influence of oleanolic acid on the ethology of 9-month-old mice,the completeness of synapsis structure and the expression of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) in cortex and hippocampus.Methods Thirty 9-month-old healthy male SMAP8 mice were randomly divided into model group,oleanolic acid group and aricept group,and with 10 rats in each group,while 10 healthy male mice of the same age and species as normal group.Oleanolic acid group and aricept group were given intragastric administration with corresponding drugs,while the normal group and model group were given the same amount of physiological saline.4 weeks later,the ethology changes were observed by Morris water maze and morphology changes of hippocampus neurons were viewed by electron microscope and the expression of CREB was detected by Western Blot.Results (1)Morris water maze results suggested that compared with the normal group,the latency time in the model group mice was longer,which were ((83.33±4.96) s,(75.13±6.01) s,(71.75±7.77) s,(63.40± 8.93) s,(60.97±8.38) s),while compared with the model group,the latency time in the oleanolic acid group and the aricept group was remarkably shorter (P＜ 0.05),which were (75.97± 4.49) s,(64.98± 4.93) s,(64.16± 6.23) s,(53.47±5.99) s,(47.91±7.64) s and (71.30±7.65) s,(63.32±7.57) s,(59.82±4.69) s,(52.28±5.90) s,(46.22±7.27) s respectively.In the spatial probe trial,compared with tbe normal group,the crossing times of the model was less,while compared with the model one,the crossing times of the oleanolic acid group and the aricept group was more(P＜0.05).(2)Compared with the normal group,the number of synapses in the model group was smaller,in which the synaptic cleft was mixed with the front of synapses severely swollen,uninform synaptic vesicles and few clear outlines of mitochondrias.While the oleanolic acid group and the aricept group had clear synapses outlines with the front of synapses slightly swollen,intensive and uniform synaptic vesicles and clear mitochondrias with their cristae not easy to be seen.(3) The Western Blot showed that compared with the normal group,there was a decline in the CREB expression both in the cortex and hippocampus in the model group,while compared with the model group,there was a rise in the oleanolic acid group as well as the aricept group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Oleanolic acid can improve the learning and memorizing of model rats,which is possibly related to the increased expression of CREB protein to protect the synapses structure of model mice.

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Huatan Tongluo on the Bederson's scores,the permeability of blood-brain barrier and ultrastructure of hippocampus endothelial cells after thrombolysis in acute cerebral infarction.To provide experimental evidence for the prevention of bleeding after thrombolysis in acute cerebral infarction with Huatan Tongluo.Methods 120 SD male rats were randomly divided into sham group,model group,rt-PA group,Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA low-dose group,Huatan Tougluo combined rt-PA medium-dose group and Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA high-dose group( each group was divided in 6h,24h,3d,7d four-phase).MCAO rats were prepared by self-embolus method.rt-PA group and Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA groups were given rt-PA through tail vein injection and three doses of Huatan Tongluo to treat.To observe the Bederson's scores in rat on four-phase.To detect the permeability of blood-brain barrier(BBB) by the Evans Blue dye ( EB dye) and watch the ultrastructure of hippocampus endothelial cells in ischemic region by electron microscopy.Results 1.Bederson's scores:Compared with model group,rt-PA group,Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA low-dose group,Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA medium-dose group and Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA high-dose group significantly lower(P＜0.01 ) ; Compared with rt-PA group,Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA medium-dose groups and high-dose groups was significantly lower(P ＜ 0.05).2.EB dye:Compared with model group,rt-PA group,Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA low-dose group,Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA medium-dose group and Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA high-dose group (P ＜ 0.01 ) ; Compared with rt-PA group ( 6h:( 236.72 ± 79.79 ) ng/g; 24h:(229.72 ±22.18)ng/g;3d:(163.34 ±24.45)ng/g;7d:(133.21 ±25.09)ng/g),Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA medium-dose groups (6h:( 121.63 ± 33.27) ng/g;24h:( 153.78 ± 60.67 ) ng/g;3d:( 76.05 ± 27.11 ) ng/g;7d:(72.97 ±25.81 ) ng/g) and high-dose groups (6h:( 123.11 ±23.65) ng/g;24h:( 138.36 ±52.36)ng/g;3d:(83.00 ±32.00)ng/g;7d:(75.06 ± 13.97) ng/g) was significantly lower(P＜ 0.01 ).3.Electron microscopy:Compared with model group,treatment groups all protected the endothelial cells.In 24h,the Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA high-dose group was best.At 3d and 7d,the Huatan Tongluo combined rt-PA medium-dose group was best.ConclusionHuatan Tongluo combined rt-PA to thrombolysis can protect the blood-brain barrier and endothelial cells of hippocampal's ischemic region.After thrombolytic,to adjust the medicine drug concentration at different time can play a better treatment results.