OBJECTIVE:To study anti-inflammatory,analgesic and anti-fatigue effects of polysaccharides from Acanthopanan trifoliatus (ATMP) in rats and mice. METHODS:In hot plate experiment,150 mice were randomly divided into normal control group (constant volume of normal saline),aspirin group [200 mg/(kg·d)],and ATMP high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups [400,200,100 mg(gross polysaccharide)/(kg·d)];the threshold of pain was determined,and analgesic effect of ATMP was investigated. 150 mice were included in exhaustive swimming test and then randomly divided into normal control group(con-stant volume of normal saline),Chongcao yangshen jijing group [400 mg/(kg·d)by total saponins],and ATMP high-dose,medi-um-dose and low-dose groups [200,100,50 mg(gross polysaccharide)/(kg·d)];the body weight and exhaustive swimming time of mice were determined,and biochemical process was used to determine the contents of hepatic glycogen and muscle glycogen, and serum levels of BUN,LDH and CK in mice. The anti-fatigue effect of ATMP was investigated. In carrageenan-induced paw swelling experiment,40 rats were divided into normal control group (constant volume of normal saline),dexamethasone acetate group [5 mg/(kg·d)],ATMP high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups [100,50,25 mg(gross polysaccharide)/(kg·d)];the degree of paw swelling was recorded,and anti-inflammatory of ATMP was investigated. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,the threshold of pain in mice were increased in ATMP 400,200,100 mg(gross polysaccharide)/(kg·d)groups;the exhaus-tive swimming time of mice were prolonged significantly,and the contents of hepatic glycogen in mice were increased significant-ly,while serum contents of CK decreased in ATMP 200,100 mg(gross polysaccharide)/(kg·d)groups;the content of muscle gly-cogen in mice was increased significantly in ATMP 200 mg (gross polysaccharide)/(kg·d) group,while serum contents of BUN and LDH were decreased;the degree of paw swelling in rats was decreased in ATMP 100,50,25 mg(gross polysaccharide)/(kg·d) groups,with statistical significance (P<0.01 or P<0.05). There was no significant difference in body weight of mice before and after medication. CONCLUSIONS:ATMP has significant analgesic and anti-fatigue effects on mice and anti-inflammatory effect on rats.

Research on standardization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is playing an important role in constructing of modernized TCM.But it is difficult to set down a diagnosis and treatment standardization of TCM and it will cost long term and arduous work.Based on clinic and scientific research in recent years,this article focuses on the standardization research of diagnosis and treatment of AIDS with TCM to discuss the content,method and some pivotal questions.

Objective·To investigate the predictive value of the Clinical Frailty Scale(CFS)in the long term outcomes in acute myocardial infarction(AMI)patients who completed in-hospital cardiac rehabilitation(CR).Methods·A total of 501 AMI patients treated in the Cardiology Center of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine from May 2020 to May 2022 were prospectively enrolled,with their baseline clinical data collected.The patients completed graded in-hospital CR and were assessed by CFS based on their completion of CR before discharge.Patients were then categorized into three groups(norm group,vulnerable group and frail group)according to their CFS level.The difference in 1-year major cardiovascular event(all-cause death and re-hospitalization for heart failure)rates among the three groups was investigated.Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the effective risk factors relevant to the outcomes,and receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curves were generated to analyze the prognostic value.Finally,an optimal prediction model was developed.Results·The CFS level in AMI patients who completed CR was positively correlated with age and peak pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(peak proBNP),and inversely correlated with gender difference(P<0.05).Accompanied with the elevated CFS level,the incidence of both outcomes increased,and there were significant differences in all-cause death(2.6%,5.6%and 15.2%,P=0.002),and while no significant differences in re-hospitalization for heart failure among the three groups(19.6%,22.2%and 24.2%).All-cause death of the frail group was significantly higher than that of the norm group(P=0.004),while there was no significant difference between the vulnerable group and the norm group.CFS could sensitively predict the 1-year all-cause death in AMI patients(β=1.89,OR=6.61,P=0.001),and the risk model combined with CFS had the best predictive effect(AUC=0.845,P=0.000).Conclusion·Assessment by CFS in AMI patients who completed in-hospital CR contributes to identifying AMI patients with high risk of all-cause death in 1 year.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of influenza‑like illness (ILI) in Jiading District from 2013 to 2023, to explore the prevalence patterns, so as to provide a scientific basis for a better prevention and control of influenza. MethodsData of ILI cases, pathogenetic surveillance results and pathogen detection data from influenza surveillance network laboratories in Jiading District from 2013 to 2023 were collected for statistical analysis. ResultsFrom 2013 to 2023, the overall proportion of medical visits for ILI cases in Jiading District was 2.70%. ILI cases were mainly distributed in the age group of ≥25 years, with a seasonal prevalence characteristic, mainly concentrated in the winter and spring, with an occasional small peak in the summer. A total of 12 423 specimens were tested for pathogenetic surveillance and monitoring, 3 651 of which were tested positive for nucleic acid detection, with a positive rate of 29.39%. The dominant strain was influenza A (H3N2) virus, accounting for 55.05%. There were statistical significant differences in the positive detection rates by different streets and townships(χ²=24.73，P<0.05）. The influenza network laboratory isolated and cultured influenza viruses from 3 154 nucleic acid‑positive samples sent by national influenza sentinel surveillance hospitals using 2 methodsMadin‑Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken embryos, respectively, with a total isolation rate of 39.51%, and the isolation rate of MDCK cells (35.45%) was higher than that of SPF chicken embryos (5.36%). From 2013 to 2023, a total of 14 ILI outbreaks were reported in Jiading District, mainly in primary schools, kindergartens and secondary schools. ConclusionInfluenza in Jiading District, Shanghai, is mainly prevalent in the winter and spring, with different subtypes of influenza viruses alternating or co⁃circulating in different monitoring year. It is recommended to promote influenza vaccination, further improve influenza prevention and control measures, enhance health promotion to the age group of ≥25 years in winter and spring, and strengthen surveillance and monitoring on ILI outbreaks in collective units such as primary schools and childcare institutions, so as to reduce the disease burden.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.