Trichoderma spp.showed strong antagonistic action against Rhizoctonia solani in screening tests. In green house and field experiments, its effect in the prevention of rhizoctonia damping off of Panax quinquefolium was over 60%, which is superior than other conventional fungicides.

Objective To study the control effect of Trichoderma fungicides in the field and then popularize the using. Methods To investigate the influence by three using methods and different concentrations of the two Trichoderma strains on ginseng growth and its diseases, estimate the possibility of popular using the fungicide, and make a choice of the right using method. Results The two fungicides not only could raise the survival rate by 30% and the growing rate by more than 16%, but also effectively control the disease of ginseng. Conclusion The two Trichoderma fungicides have the potential to be used in a large range. The using method is diluting Tv04-2 to 5 000 times and Th3080 to 10 000 times when dipping the root of ginseng, and diluting Tv04-2 or Th3080 to 5 000 times when dipping the seeds of ginseng.

Objective To control stem blight disease of Schizonepeta tenuifolia caused by Phytophthora nicotianae.Methods The antagonist effect of 13 Trichoderma strains(including T.viride and T.hamianum)was evaluated upon mycelia growth of P.nicotianae.Trichoderma strains with high antagonistic activities against the pathogen were used to control stem blight of S.tenuifolia in the field.Results Of 13 Trichoderma strains tested,T.viride strain M3 showed maximum mycelia growth inhibition(83.2%)to the pathogen,followed by T.viride strain Tv04-2(78.2%)and then T.harziamum strain ThB(65.0%),in vitro.Fungal cell wall degrading enzymes,protease,and β-1,3-glueanase were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively in further study.T.viride strains M3,Tv04-2,and T.harzianum strain ThB efficiently against P.nicotianae were used to control stem blight of S.tenuifolia in the field,and T.viride strain M3 showed the best biocontrol potential.Conclusion Trichoderma spp.can be used as alternatives of pesticides to control stem blight,one of the serious soilhome diseases of S.tenuifolia caused by P.nicotianae.However,though T.viride strains Tv04-2 aad T.harzianum strain ThB are also highly against P.nicotianae in vitro,the controlling efficacy of them on stem blight disease is not as excellent as T.viride strains M3 in the field.

2-year-old cutting seedlings of Taxus cuspidata have a three- month-growth period fromMay to July and its peak occures in June. The experiment showed that 18% of light permeability and 17% of soil moisture are most suitable conditions.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a preparation process of pivotal intermediate of SKI2496, which is low-cost, environmental-friendly and suitable for industrialization as well. METHODS: 1-(2-Fluoro-6-(trifloromethyl)benzyl)urea(2) was synthesized from 2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzylamine(1) with urea,followed by aminolysis with t-butyl acetoacetate and cyclization to give 1--6-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(4).Finally,the title product was obtained via bromation and condensation reaction with piperazine. RESULTS: The synthetic process included four steps with an overall yield of 44.6%(based on compound 1) and its structure was confirmed by 1H-NMR and MS. CONCLUSION: The process is easy to operate, safe and suitable for industrial production.

This article was aimed to study the dynamics of biocontrol endobacteria in roots, stems and leaves of Panax ginseng and soils adjacent roots. Gradient screening and root irrigation methods were used to develop Rif-resistance bacteria and inoculation. Dilution plate method was used to count the number of them in roots, stems and leaves of P. ginseng and soils adjacent roots. The results showed that bacteria which can endure 120 μg·mL-1 Rif was developed, and no change was found on their antagonistic activity against A lternaria panax Whetz and Phytophthora cactorum. In roots and stems of P. ginseng, ge15 and ge25 showed the highest number in the initial.Then, populations of ge15 and ge25 in ginseng roots and stems decreased to a stable status gradually. In ginseng leaves, populations of ge15 and ge25 increased to the highest 3 days after inoculation, then, populations of them were decreased and kept at certain concentration. In ginseng rhizosphere soil, populations of ge15 showed reciprocating change, and which of ge25 showed increase initial, and then decrease to a stable status. It was concluded that endobacteria can keep a certain population in ginseng roots, stems, and leaves. Biocontrol agents based on them will be helpful for ginseng diseases controlling in the field.

By nutrient solution culture method, effects of benzoic acid, diisobutyl phthalate, diisobutyl succinate, palmitic acid, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane on root exudates of Panax ginseng were studied. GC-MS results in-dicated that, 15 to 23 components were detected in treatments including control, which were organic acids, alcohol, amino acid esters, phenols, amines, condensed nucleus, saccharine, etc. Through compared with control we found that, phenol and phenolic acids in root exudates increased in most of stress treatments. So we deduced that, the re-laxation of autotoxins from roots to outside environment was stimulated by autotoxins released into soil, and which ac-celerated the autotoxicity to ginseng seedlings.

This study was aimed to investigate the influence on component content indexes,which included chlorogenic acid and luteolin of honeysuckle by the absorption of chemical insecticide thiamethoxam.High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used in the analysis of content determination of component content indexes of honeysuckle samples by different concentrations of thiamethoxam.SPSS was used in the statistical analysis.The results showed that compared to samples from the blank control group,the content of chlorogenic acid had the increasing tendency in the honeysuckle groups with different concentrations of thiamethoxam.However,there was no significant difference among different experiment groups.There was no significant difference on luteolin among honeysuckle groups with different concentrations of thiamethoxam and the blank control group.It was concluded that at the recommended dose and high-powered dose of thiamethoxam,there was some influence on the content of chlorogenic acid.However,there was no significant effect on the content of luteoloside.And the quality scores of both contents were within the range defined in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition).

OBJECTIVETo study quality test, and establish quality classification standard of Trollius chinensis.

METHODSeed purity, weight per 1 000 seeds, seed moisture content, seed viability and their exterior parameters of the seed samples from different producing areas were measured, K cluster analysis was applied for the data analysis.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONQuality of T. chinensis seeds from different producing areas was analyzed, and the primary T. chinensis seed quality classification standard was established.

In this study, ARDRA system was established for Panax ginseng cultivated soil microbial community analysis. In the process of soil analysis we found that, ARDRA can not only distinguish soil microbial communities, proportion of each microbial type in total microorganisms can be calculated based on profiles of restricted enzyme digested 16S rDNA, also. Results indicated that, ARDRA system established was able to analyze microbial communities of P. ginseng cultivated soil samples.
DNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; Ecosystem ; Gene Library ; Panax ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; genetics ; Soil Microbiology