OBJECTIVE: To summarize the progress on the biomaterials of chitin nerve conduit to repair peripheral nerve injury in recent years.DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of literatures related to the application of the biomaterials of nerve conduit on peripheral nerve injury was performed in Medline and Springerlink by using the key words of "nerve conduit, peripheral nerve injury" between January 2000 and August 2009 and the language was limited to English. Meanwhile, we searched China Periodicals Full-text Database and Weipu database for the related Chinese articles published between January 2000 and August 2009 with the same key words in Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: Inclusive criteria: Researches about the non-biodegradable materials, biodegradable materials and biological derivative materials that were related to the peripheral nerve injury were included. Exclusive criteria: The irrelevant and repeated articles were excluded.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nerve tissue engineering, chitin nerve conduit, and preparation of nerve conduit.RESULTS: With the progress of medical materials, the neural tube of natural or synthetic materials used to bridge defect of the neural in nerve tissue engineering scaffold material with a guide and to promote nerve regeneration. In the biodegradable material, chitin neural tube could be degraded within a reasonable period of time, biological control compatibility, performance degradation, mechanical properties and porosity. And in the structure of the conduit, combined other biodegradable materials,surface modification, adding seed cells and nerve growth factor, and other aspects of the experimental study were investigated.Changing the spatial structure of renewable and micro-environment aimed to speed up the rate of nerve growth, and promote the resumption of the good nerve function. And material's surface had to be modified and improved for conduit to adapt nerve during the nerve regeneration.CONCLUSION: With the continued development of biotechnique and cross-correlation technique, the biomaterials of chitin nerve conduit will have a prosperous future on peripheral nerve tissue engineering.

Objective To investigate the relationship between interleukin-8 (IL-8),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and pathogenesis of lower respiratory infection(RI).Methods Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum IL-8,IL-6 levels were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 36 patients with lower RI,28 patients with unstable asthma and 12 controls. Neutrophils (PMN) and alveolar macrophages (AMs) of BALF were examined.Results The levels of serum IL-8 and IL-6 of RI before treatment were significantly higher than those of RI after treatment,of unstable asthma,and of controls (P

Objective To study the significance of the expression of β-catenin(β-cat) in Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and the relationship between its expression and clinicopathological factom.Methods By using SP immunohistochemistry technique,β-cat wag detected in the normal esophageal mucosa group (20 cases),Barrett esophagus with dysplasia group (26 cages) and EAC group (50 cases).Results The membranous expression of β-cat appeared in all of nomal esophageal mucosa.The rate of cytoplasmic and/or nuclear expression of β-cat in the Barrett esophagus with dysplasia group and the EAC group was 38.5% (10/26) and 60.0% (30/50) respectively,and compared with the normal esophageal mucosa group,the difference was signfficant (P＜0.01).The rate of cytoplasmic and/or nuclear expression of β-cat in the EAC group with lymphatic metastasis and the EAC group exceeding deep smooth muscle was 90.0% (18/20) and 72.2%(26/36) respectively,and compared with that in the nonlymphatic metastasis and the non-exceeding deep smooth muscle patients [43-3%(13/30) and 28.6% (4/14)],the difference was significant (P＜0.01).Conclusion Cytoplasmic and/or nuclear expression of β-cat might play a role in the carcinogenesis and progression of EAC and might be a predictor indicating the metastatic potential of EAC.

Objective: The clinical effects of rubbing therapy with ointment in treating patella strain were observed. Method: Forty-two cases of patella strain were treated by local rubbing with ointment and the changes of the clinical symptoms were observed. Results: After 3 courses of treatment, the total effective rate was 95.2%.Conclusion: It is indicated that rubbing therapy with ointment has good effects in the treatment of patella strain.

Abstract A suspected case of cutaneous anthrax was reported by Gongliu County Disease Control and Prevention Center, Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on August 19, 2021. Then, an epidemiological survey was performed by a joint investigation team consisting of professionals from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, intermediate-level trainees from the Field Epidemiology Training Program of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and professionals from Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention. A total of 11 cutaneous anthrax cases were identified, including 8 suspected cases and 3 clinically diagnosed cases, and all cases were villagers in Y Village, X Township, Gongliu County, without severe case or deaths found. The onset of the first case occurred on July 27, and the onset of the last case occurred on August 16. The main clinical manifestations included ulcerative eschar on hands and exposed skin of the upper extremity. A Bacillus anthracis isolate was detected in meat samples from infected cattle. Epidemiological surveys showed that villagers did not report infected cattle to related sectors and privately slaughtered and ate meat from infected cattle without any effective protective measures, resulting in this outbreak. It is recommended to strengthen health education for people raising, selling and slaughtering livestock, and publicize zoonotic disease control knowledge, including anthrax, and establish an effective surveillance and response system for anthrax for immediate identification and treatment of epidemics.

Objective To observe the effect of astragalus polysaccharides ( APS) on glucose homeostasis regulation and focus on glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3 beta) activity and subcellular localization (nuclear translocation).Methods HepG2 human hepatoma cells were cultured in vitro and treated with high glucose of different concentrations (30, 40 mM) to induce hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum stress model, then acquire optimum operating concentration.The HepG2 cells were treated with APS of different concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400 μg/mL) to select the most effective concentration.The HepG2 cells were divided into seven groups with different treatment: negative control group (C), positive control group (Tm), 30 mM high glucose-induced group (G30), 45 mM high glucose-induced group (G45), negative control+APS group (CA), positive control+APS group ( TA) and high glucose-induced+APS group ( GA).Effect of APS at different concentrations on proliferation activity of HepG2 cells were detected by MTT assay, transcription and shear levels of XBPlmRNA in HepG2 cells by quantitative real-time PCR, and phosphorylation levels of GSK3βin cytoplasm and nucleus by immunoblotting techniques.Results The optimum operating glucose concentration was 30 mM.The most effective APS concentration was 200μg/mL.The transcription and shear levels of XBPlmRNA in HepG2 cells of GA group were lower than those of G30 group ( P<0.05), respectively, but there were no significant differences between TA and Tm group.The phosphorylation levels of GSK3βin cytoplasm and nucleus of GA group were higher than those of G group(P<0.05), respectively, but there were no significant differences between TA and Tm group. Conclusion APS could improve hepatic steatosis, and its mechanism might be that APS inhibits the activity and nuclear localization of GSK3β, then alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Objective To explore the value of high sensitivity total spine digital radiography in radiation protection and clinical application.Methods A total of 90 patients suffering from scoliosis were randomly divided into three groups with different sensitivity such as S200,S400 and S800.All of them were examined with anterior-posterior and lateral full length spine digital radiography.The S400 group was designated as control group.The doses (mGy) and exposures (mAs) resulted from different groups were calculated and compared,including their means and deviations.Image quality was evaluated with blind method.Results In the S800 group,the doses and exposures were about 43％ and 41％ compared to the S400 group.The differences were statistically significant (t =4.573,8.038,P ＜ 0.05).Doses and exposures in the S200 group were about 187％ and 178％ compared to the control group.The differences were also significant(t =-5.624,-4.052,P ＜ 0.05).In the S200 and S400 group,image quality of anterior-posterior and lateral position was 100％ good.When sensitivity was S800 was selected,image quality of the anterior-posterior position was 100％ good,and 97％ for lateral images.One lateral image was considered noisy.Conclusions In full length spine radiography,high sensitivity (S800) could greatly reduce radiation dose to patients.It is a good choice to use the sensitivity to observe wide-range spine.

Objective To analyze the MRI data of misdiagnosed and missed diagnosed of breast lesions and their histopathological features.Methods Data from 241 breast lesions within 121 patients were recruited in this study.The data included MRI images,uhrasounds and X-ray images were retrospectively interpreted by two radiologist and each lesion was assessed according to the BI-RADS classification.The pathologic features of miss or error diagnosed lesions on MRI were analyzed.Results In 241 breast lesions (malignance 120,bcnign 121),4 lcsions were miss diagnosed on MRI.Thcy were 2 intraductal papillomatosis and 2 fibroadenoma.All was benign.Twenty three lesions were misdiagnosed on MRI.Sixteen were overestimation,including 3 chronic inflammations,3 sclerosing adenosis,2 fibroadenoma,4 fibrocystic changes with or without atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH),2 intraductal papilloma,1 infiltration of pectoralis major muscle and 1 axillary lymphnode metastasis.Meanwhile,there were 7 lesions were underestimation.These lesions included 2 invasive ductal carcinomas,1 mucinous adenocarcinoma,2 DCIS and 1 blunt duct adenosis with ADH and focal cancerous,1 inflammatory breast cancer underwent chemotherapy.The sensitivity and specificity and accuracy of breast MRI were 95.83 ％ (115/120),72.73 ％ (88/121),84.23 ％ (203/241),respectively.MRI findings had no difference with respect to mammogram or ultrasound was 75.10 ％ (181/241).Conclusion MRI misdiagnosis and missed often occurs in smaller breast lesions,morphologic and hemodynamic malignant manifestation atypical,especially intraductal lesions.MRI diagnosis should be combined with physical examination,X-ray mammogram and ultrasound to improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce missed diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the impact of negative perfectionism on negative emotion(anxiety,depression) and the moderating effects of positive perfectionism.Methods A study was designed and a sample of 380 college students completed questionnaires including PANPS,SAS and SDS.Results ① Correlation analysis indicated positive perfectionism was negatively correlated with anxiety and depression (r1 =-0.25,P1 ＜0.01,r2 =-0.29,P2＜0.01),while negative perfectionism was positively correlated with anxiety and depression(r1 =0.26,P1 ＜0.01,r2 =0.22,P2＜0.01).② Moderating effects analysis indicated that positive perfectionism significantly moderated the regulating effect of negative perfectionism upon negative emotions(anxiety,depression) (β 1 =-2.64,β2 =-7.67,P＜0.01).Conclusion These findings suggest that the higher level of positive perfectionism,the greater influence of perfectionism on depression and anxiety,and positive perfectionism could buffer the negative perfectionism on anxiety and depression.

Object To probe into the antihypertension activity mechanism of extracts from Compound Jueming (CJ). Methods The method of radioimmunoassay was used to assay the concentration of the related substances on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) such as angiotensin Ⅱ (ANGⅡ), renin activity (RA), endothelin (ET), atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP), aldosterone (ALD), and urine. Results All of the three doses (9.5, 7.2, and 4.8 g/kg) of extracts from CJ reduced ANG Ⅱ and RA, but had no influence on ALD, ET, ANP, and urine in SHR. Conclusion The antihypertension effect of extracts from CJ is related to decreasing of renin angiotensin, but not to ALD, ET, ANP, and urine.