Re-evaluation of bioequivalence of generic drugs is one of the key research focus currently. As a means to ensure consistency of the therapeutic effectiveness of drug products, clinical bioequivalence has been widely accepted as a gold standard test. In vitro dissolution testing based on the theory of the BCS is the best alternative to in vivo bioequivalence study. In this article, the conventional dissolution method and flow-through cell method were used to investigate the dissolution profiles of domestic amoxicillin capsules in different dissolution media, and the absorption behavior of the drugs with different release rates (t85% = 15-180 min) in the gastrointestinal tract was predicted by Gastro Plus. The flow-through cell method was thought better to reflect the release characteristics in vivo, and amoxicillin capsules with regard to the release rates up to 45 min (t85% = 45 min) were having a satisfied bioequivalence with the oral solution according to the C(max) and AUC. Although two different dissolution profiles of domestic amoxicillin capsules were found by flow-through cell methods, prediction results revealed that domestic capsules were probably bioequivalent to each other.

Objective To investigate the value of ABCD3-I score in predicting the outcome of acute minor ischemic stroke. Methods Totally 255 patients were valued by ABCD, ABCD2, ABCD3, ABCD3-I and ESSEN score then the clinical characters, outcome and early progression of these patients were investigated. Results Forty-eight patients had poor outcome after 90 days. Univariate logistic regression indicated that the differences of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stenosis of criminal artery, abnormal signal in diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and other clinical symptoms between poor outcome group and good outcome group were statistically significant (P<0.05). The AUC of ABCD, ABCD2, ABCD3, ABCD3-I and ESSEN score in predicting outcome of acute minor stroke was 0.791 0, 0.798 3, 0.827 9, 0.930 0 and 0.735 9 respectively. There was difference among patients with different ABCD3-I scores both in outcome and early progression. Conclusion ABCD3-I score can predict the outcome of acute minor stroke and supply a new method for personalized treatment.

Objective To study the effects of soybean isoflavone(SI) on lipid peroxidation and liver ultrastructure in ovariectomized rats. Methods Seventy female Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups according to the levels of total cholesterol(TC) in serum: hyper-lipoid group,estrogen group,low-dose SI group,middle-dose SI group,high-dose SI group,sham group and normal control group.After bilateral ovaries were extirpated except sham and normal control groups for a week,the estrogen,different doses of SI or deionized water were fed with intragastric administration for 12 weeks.The rat body weight was weighted once per week and blood samples were collected at the time of ovariectomization,the 4th and 8th weeks after administeration at the time of being killed.The serum TC,triglyceride(TG),high or low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C,LDL-C),lipoprotein(a) and antioxygen enzyme were assayed. Results LDL-C levels in SI intervention groups were significantly lower than that in hyper-lipoid groups but higher than that in normal control group;the levels of lipoprotein(a) were changed;there was almost no effect on HDL-C in serum.SI could retain integrity and ultrastructure of hepatocyte;there was similar structure in high dose SI group and normal control group.An obvious damage was detected in hyper-lipoid group.Conclusion SI can improve lipoprotein(a) and lipid peroxidation in ovariectomized rats.A continuous intervention with high-SI can reduce LDL-C to normal lever and retain integrity and ultrastructure of hepatocyte.

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) in production is frequently exposed to inadequate light, which significantly affects its agronomic traits via inhibiting their physiological, metabolic and developmental processes. To explore the mechanism how the grape plants respond to the weak light stress, we used 'Yinhong' grape and examined their physiology-biochemistry characteristics and transcriptional profile under different levels of weak light stress. The results showed that grape seedlings upon low intensity shading treatments were not significantly affected. As the shading stress intensity was strengthened, the epidermis cells, palisade tissue, and spongy tissue in the leaves were thinner, the intercellular space between the palisade tissue and spongy tissue was larger compared with that of the control, and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase were decreased gradually. Additionally, the soluble protein content increased and the free proline content decreased gradually. Compared with the control, significant changes in plant photosynthetic characteristics and physiology-biochemistry characteristics were observed under high intensity of shading (80%). RNA-seq data showed that the differentially expressed genes between CK and T2, CK and T4, T2 and T4 were 13 913, 13 293 and 14 943, respectively. Most of the enrichment pathways were closely related with the plant's response to stress. Several signaling pathways in response to stress-resistance, e.g. JA/MYC2 pathway and MAPK signal pathway, were activated under weak light stress. The expression level of a variety of genes related to antioxidation (such as polyphenol oxidase and thioredoxin), photosynthesis (such as phytochrome) was altered under weak light stress, indicating that 'Yinhong' grape may activate the antioxidation related pathways to cope with reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, it may activate the expression of photosynthetic pigment and light reaction structural protein to maintain the photosynthesis activity. This research may help better understand the relevant physiological response mechanism and facilitate cultivation of grape seedlings under weak light.
Vitis/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Photosynthesis/genetics* ; Plant Leaves ; Light ; Seedlings/metabolism*

Objective: To investigate the relationship between hemoglobin levels and prognosis of cerebral infarction in elderly patients aged 75 years and over. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 238 elderly patients (≥75 years old) with cerebral infarction admitted into our hospital from January 2016 to June 2018 was performed. The age, gender, serum creatinine and risk factors for stroke (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, homocysteine, atrial fibrillation, smoking, drinking), coronary heart disease, previous stroke history, tumor history, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, hemoglobin, hematocrit and other basic data were recorded. The patients were divided into the group with good prognosis (mRS score ≤ 2) and the group with poor prognosis (mRS score > 2). The relationship between hemoglobin levels and the prognosis of cerebral infarction in elderly patients were analyzed. Results: After 6 months of follow-up, 124 (52.1%, 124/238) stroke patients had a good prognosis, and 114 (47.9%, 114/238) patients had a poor prognosis, including 21 deaths. Anemia at admission (OR=2.433, 95%CI: 1.213-4.591, P=0.011), new-onset anemia after hospitalization (OR=2.615, 95%CI: 1.333-6.521, P=0.043) and the low level of minimum hemoglobin during hospitalization (OR=0.847, 95%CI: 0.671-0.971, P=0.038) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in elderly stroke patients aged ≥75 years. New-onset anemia after hospitalization (OR=1.015, 95%CI: 1.002-1.027, P=0.022), the low level of minimum hemoglobin during hospitalization (OR=0.801, 95%CI: 0.654-0.981, P=0.027), the decrement of hemoglobin ≥20 g/L (OR=1.342, 95%CI: 1.011-1.763, P=0.000) at reexamination were independent risk factors for the mortality in elderly patients with cerebral infarction. Conclusions Anemia at admission, new-onset anemia after hospitalization, and the low level of minimum hemoglobin during hospitalization are independent predictors for poor prognosis in cerebral infarction patients aged ≥75 years. The decrement of hemoglobin ≥20 g/L after admission is an independent predictor for high mortality in elderly patients with cerebral infarction.

BACKGROUNDTo detect the expression of human epidermal-growth-factor receptor 4 (HER4) and elucidate the relationship between its overexpression and the clinicopathological characteristics in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSThe expression of HER4 was detected in 70 cases of paraffin-embedded NSCLC tissues by immunohistochemical assay.

RESULTSHER4 were overexpressed in 91.4% of NSCLC. The overexpression of HER4 was significantly related to lymph node metastasis (P=0.007), TNM stages (P=0.011) and postoperative survival rate (P= 0.0258).

CONCLUSIONSerbB4 is one of the genes to regulate the growth of advanced NSCLC. The artificial interference with HER4 overexpression may be a good way in the treatment of advanced NSCLC.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Xuebijing (XBJ) on paraquat (PQ) -induced apoptosis in Human kidney cell line-2 (HK-2) cells. Methods: Routinely cultured HK-2 cells, (1) Cell growth inhibition experiment after PQ and XBJ intervention: PQ was divided into 0、200、400、800、1600 and 3200 μmol/L PQ groups, and the cell survival rate was detected after intervening 24、48 and 72 h. XBJ was divided into 0、5、10、20、40 mg/ml XBJ groups, and the cell survival rate was detected after intervening 24、48 and 72 h.To determine the rational drug concentration and the duration of action of XBJ and PQ. (2) PQ-induced HK-2 cell growth inhibition experiment antagonized by XBJ: The cells were divided into normal control group, PQ group (800 μmol/L) and PQ+XBJ group (The cells were pretreated with 5、10 and 20 mg/ml XBJ for 1 h, then cultured with PQ of 800 μmol/L) , After cultured 24 h、48 h and 72 h separately, the cell survival rate was detected. (3) HK-2 cells were divided into normal control group、PQ group (800 μmol/L PQ cultured for 24 h) 、PQ+XBJ group (pretreated with 10 mg/ml XBJ for 1 h, and then 800 μmol/L PQ cultured for 24 h) and XBJ group (10 mg/ml XBJ cultured 24 h). The apoptosis of cells was detected by flow cytometry. The protein expression of Bcl-2 and BAX in each group was detected by Western blotting. The expressions of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were detected by caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity kit active. Results: (1) PQ could significantly reduced the survival rate of HK-2 cells and showed time and concentration dependence. The survival rate of HK-2 cells was about 55% after 800 μmol/L PQ contacted 24 h, XBJ under 20 mg/ml was no significant effect on the survival rate of HK-2 cells after cultured 72 h. (2) Compared with the PQ group, the survival rate of HK-2 cells of PQ+XBJ group was significantly increased (P<0.05). (3) Compared with the normal control group, the cell apoptosis rate of PQ group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the PQ group, the cell apoptosis rate of PQ+XBJ group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). (4) Compared with the normal control group, Bcl-2 protein expression in PQ group was significantly decreased and BAX protein expression in PQ group was significantly increased (P<0.05) ; compared with PQ group, Bcl-2 protein expression in PQ+XBJ group was significantly increased, BAX protein expression in PQ+XBJ group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). (5) Compared with the normal control group, the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in PQ group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with PQ group, the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in PQ+XBJ group were decreased significantly (P<0.05) . Conclusion XBJ (10 mg/ml) has obvious protective effect on HK-2 cell injuried by PQ (800 μmol/L) , It can improve the survival rate of cells through reducing the apoptosis of HK-2 cells which induced by PQ.

Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a clonal plasma cell disease in which multiple organs of human body are damaged by amyloid misfolded by light chain of immunoglobulin. Its mechanism is still unclear. Clinically, heart failure, renal insufficiency and other organs failure are seen as prominent symptoms for the majority of patients. The main treatments include melphalan combined with dexamethasone or bortezomib or other target new drugs or autologous stem cell transplantation. Efficacy assessment depends on not only the serum free light chain and M protein levels to judge the hematological response, but also pro-brain natriuretic peptide and troponin I as biomarker to assess the heart and other vital organs function for better outcomes. In the era of new drugs, cardiac involvement is a determinant of survival and prognosis of AL patients. The modern AL treatment usually takes new drug targeted therapy against plasma cells, and combines with anti-amyloidosis treatment to clear the accumulation of amyloidosis chaperonin. Despite the promising advances in treatment, many problems need to be resolved.

Objective:To study the application of powder comprehensive properties characterization of cefuroxime axetil in batch changes .Methods:The stability and change of the powder before the batch change of cefuroxime axetil were measured by an FT 4 mul-tifunctional powder flow tester .The flow rate, compression rate, shear property, air inflation and air permeability were measured .The corresponding powder index was established .After the batch change , the above indices were detected to assess whether meeting the re-quirements.Results:The volume index of three batches of products after the batch change was within the optimal range .Conclusion:The batch changes of cefuroxime axetil have no effect on the smooth progress of cefuroxime axetil production , which provides a new rap-id verification method for preparation manufacturers .

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-6768-5p in lung cancer tissue and its effect on the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells through targeted regulation of carboxypeptidase A4(CPA4).Methods The expression of miR-6768-5p in lung cancer tissues and adjacent tissues was analyzed u-sing the TCGA database.Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)was used to detect the expression of miR-6768-5p in human lung cancer cell lines(HCC1588,H1650,H1299,A549,HCC827)and normal alveolar epithelial cells(HPAEpiC cells).Lung cancer cells were transfected with NC mimics and miR-6768-5p mimics,respec-tively,and divided into NC group and miR-6768-5p group.The MTS assay and Matrigel invasion assay were used to detect the cell proliferation and invasion ability of each group,respectively.The putative binding sites of miR-6768-5p and CPA4 were verified using RNAhybrid software and dual-luciferase reporter gene experi-ment.The expression of CPA4 mRNA in each group of cells was detected by qPCR.The expression of AKT/c-MYC signaling pathway proteins in the cells of each group was analyzed by Western blot.Results Com-pared with the adjacent tissues,the relative expression level of miR-6768-5p in lung cancer tissues was signifi-cantly decreased,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Compared with HPAEpiC cells,the relative expression level of miR-6768-5p was significantly decreased in lung cancer cell lines,and the differ-ence was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Compared with the NC group,the cell proliferation rate of miR-6768-5p group was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).The number of invasive cells in NC group and miR-6768-5p group was(131.30±12.55)and(37.45±7.77),respectively,and the number of invasive cells in miR-6768-5p group was significantly lower than that in NC group(P＜0.05).The relative expression level of CPA4 mRNA in H1299 cells of miR-6768-5p group was significantly lower than that in NC group(t=4.93,P＜0.05).Compared with the NC group,the expressions of AKT/c-myC signaling pathway proteins p-AKT,p-mTORC1,XIAP,MDM2 and C-myC proteins in miR-6768-5p group were significantly decreased.Conclusion The expression of miR-6768-5p is decreased in lung cancer tissues,and miR-6768-5p may inhibit the activation of AKT/c-MYC signaling pathway by targeting CPA4,and reduce the proliferation and invasion ability of lung cancer H1299 cells.