AIM　The purpose is to study the non-isothermal decomposition process and mechanics of vitamin B6. METHOD　The TG technique was used to observe between 30～700℃. RESULTS　The decomposition of vitamin B6 was performed by two stages. Vitamin B6 loses HCl at the first stage together with losing H2O. The kinetic equation obtained was dα/dt=A*e-E/RT*1/2(1-α)3; activation energy obtained was 325.27 kJ/mol; and preexponential factor A obtained was 7.22×1032/s as well. CONCLUSION　Vitamin B6 is rather thermal stable, and it loses HCl together with losing H2O at temperature range of 173℃～271℃.

BACKGROUND:The key of stem cells for treating nervous tissue injury is the transplantation of stem coils that have regeneration capacity.The structure and function of central nervous system were re-established by multiple action mechanisms.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)locally transplanted into rats with spinal cord injury on neurological recovery.METHODS:BMSCs were separated with density gradient centrifugation and cell attachment.10 mg/L BrdU was used for labeling before cell transplantation.Adult female Wistar rats were used to establish spinal cord injury models using an aneurysm clip,and they were then randomly divided into control group,saline group and transplantation group.In the transplantation group,BMSCs were transplanted into the damaged spinal cord by stereotaxis at day 7 following damage.In the saline group,an equal volume of saline was utilized.In the control group,the rats were left intact.Basso,Beattie and Bresnahan(BBB)locomotor rating scale was used before and at 7,14,30,60 and 90 days following damage.Rats were sacrificed at day 90.BrdU-positive cells,Brdu+neuron specific enolase,Brdu+glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),Brdu+basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF),and Brdu+brain-derived nerve growth factor(BDNF)immunohistochemistry double-staining cells and simple staining positive calls were observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The recovery of BBB function score was better in the transplantation group than in the control group(P＜0.05).The recovery speed of BBB function score was slower in the saline group than in the control group at 30 days following damage(P＜0.05).No significant difference was determined at day 90 compared with the control group(P＞0.05).BrdU-positive cells and double-staining cells of immunohistochemistry could be found at the center of damage site and 1 cm from caudal end to damaged site in rats of the transplantation group.The number of NSE,GFAP,bFGF and BDNF simple staining cells was significantly greater in the transplantation group than in the control and saline groups(P＜0.05).Results indicated that BMSC transplantation can improve the recovery of nervous function of rats with spinal cord injury.Its mechanism may be correlated with the differentiation of transplanted cells into neuron-like and glial cell-like cells,secretion or promoting secretion of neurotrophic factors in host.

BACKGROUND:Tranexamic acid is a synthetic anti-fibrinolytic drug, and can effectively control blood loss after total knee arthroplasty through vein. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss after primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty. METHODS:From 2014 to 2015, 100 patients from the Department of Lower Limb, Sichuan Orthopaedic Hospital underwent primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty, and randomly divided into test group which used tranexamic acid and control group which used tranexamic acid, with 50 cases in each group. 1 g tranexamic acid was infused into the vein at 10 minutes before total knee arthroplasty in the test group, but tranexamic acid was not given in the control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The amount of total blood loss, postoperative wound drainage in 24 hours, and the amount of blood transfusion were significantly less in the test group than in the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences in intraoperative blood loss and the number of patients receiving blood transfusion were found between the test and control groups. No significant difference in preoperative hemoglobin levels was detected before surgery, but hemoglobin levels were decreased after surgery between the two groups. Postoperative hemoglobin levels were apparently higher in the test group than in the control group after surgery. At 24 hours after surgery, no significant difference in coagulation was detectable between the two groups. At 6 days, double lower limb vein color Doppler ultrasound examination did not reveal deep vein thrombosis in both groups. These findings verify that treatment with tranexamic acid in the vein before primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty can evidently diminish the amount of perioperative blood loss and blood transfusion, reduce the risk and cost of blood transfusion, which is good for rehabilitation and does not increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis.

Objective To compare the effects of peripatellar peripheral nerve partially and totally depolarized in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods 66 TKA patients were divided into partially depolarized group (A, 42 knees) and totally depolarized group (B, 38 knees). The scores of knee-joint, Feller and Visual Analogue Scale were recorded. Results There was no significant difference in all the scores between 2 groups before operation (P>0.05). All the scores improved after operation (P<0.05), however, there was still no significant difference between 2 groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Patellar peripheral nerve partially depolarization technique can reduce postoperative knee pain, which has the same effect with totally depolarization.

Objective To investigate the application value of limited liquid resuscitation combined with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) companied with abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS).Methods The retrospective cohort study was adopted.The clinical data of 67 patients with SAP companied with ACS who were admitted to the Fuling Center Hospital of Chongqing from January 2005 to December 2014 were collected.Among 67 patients,33 receiving conventional liquid resuscitation between January 2005 and December 2010 were allocated into the control group and 34 receiving limited liquid resuscitation combined with CRRT between January 2011 and December 2014 were allocated into the observation group.Observation indicators included:(1) required fluid volume and time of negative fluid balance in the 2 groups;(2) changes of pathological and physiological indicators after treatment in the 2 groups;(3)outcomes and prognosis of patients in the 2 groups.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (x)±s and comparison between groups was analyzed using t test.Count data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Repeated measurement data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA.Results (1) Required fluid volume and time of negative fluid balance in the 2 groups:required fluid volumes at 6,24,48 and 72 hours after resuscitation were (2 449±339) mL,(4 820±757) mL,(9 428± 1 272) mL,(13 127± 1 565) mL in the control group and (2 360± 314) mL,(4 582±530) mL,(8 564± 970) mL,(11 470± 1 253) mL in the observation group,respectively,with a statistically significant difference in required fluid volume between the 2 groups (F=13.035,P＜0.05) and in required fluid volume at 48 and 72 hours between the 2 groups (t=3.132,4.794,P＜0.05).Time of negative fluid balance in the observation group and control group was (4.3± 1.7)days and (6.4 ±1.8)days,respectively,showing a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (t =4.913,P＜0.05).(2) Changes of pathological and physiological indicators in the 2 groups after treatment:time factors:from 0 h to 168 h postoperatively,APACHE Ⅱ score,C-reaction protein (CRP),D-dimer,IAP,Bla and oxygenation index were changed from 20.9±4.1 to 13.9±2.6,from (167±39)mg/L to (55±17) mg/L,from (1 652±1 544) μg/L to (993±500)μg/L,from (23.4±3.4)cmH2O (1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa) to (21.4±2.9)cmH2O,from (4.6±1.6) mmol/L to (1.4±0.5)mmol/L,from (189±27) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) to (152±23)mmHg in the control group,and chaged from 21.5±5.1 to 11.0±2.8,from (168±36)mg/L to (44±19)mg/L,from (1 634±1 525) μg/L to (578±350) μg/L,from (23.2±2.5)cmH2O to (17.4±2.6)cmH2O,from (4.5±1.6)mmol/L to (0.8±0.3)mmol/L,from (188±26)mmHg to (196±25)mmHg in the observation group,respectively,showing gradual decreasing with time and statistically significant differences between the 2 groups (F =186.415,581.118,34.618,212.416,262.272,207.645,P＜0.05).Treatment factors:there were no significant differences in changing trends of APACHE Ⅱ score,D-dimer and Bla between the 2 groups (F=3.499,2.350,3.516,P＞0.05),and there were significant differences in changing trends of CRP,IAP and oxygenation index between the 2 groups (F=4.009,15.276,14.959,P＜0.05).Interaction effect between time factors and treatment factors:there were obviously interaction effects between time factors and treatment factors in APACHE Ⅱ score,CRP,IAP and oxygenation index (F=4.890,4.912,23.874,28.615,P＜0.05) and no interaction effects between time factors and treatment factors in D-dimer and Bla (F=2.803,1.920,P＞0.05).(3) Outcomes and prognosis of patients in the 2 groups:numbers of patients with surgery,local complications and infection and duration of hospital stay were 11,16,14,(46±17)days in the control group and 4,6,6,(36±14) days in the observation group,respectively,with statistically significant differences between the 2 groups (x2=4.484,7.221,4.910,t =2.433,P＜0.05).Mortality and hospital expenses were 24.2％ (8/33),(33± 18) x 104 yuan in the control group and 8.8％ (3/34),(27± 14)× 104 yuan in the observation group,respectively,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =2.901,t =1.283,P＞ 0.05).Conclusion Limited liquid resuscitation combined with CRRT can effectively control IAP of patients with SAP companied with ACS and improve oxygenation index,meanwhile,it can also reduce number of patients with surgery,infection and local complications and duration of hospital stay.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of the combination of abidol, lopinavir/ritonavir plus recombinant interferon α-2b (rIFNα-2b) and the combination of lopinavir/ritonavir plus rIFNα-2b for patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang province.Methods:A multicenter prospective study was carried out to compare the efficacy of triple combination antiviral therapy and dual combination antiviral therapy in 15 medical institutions of Zhejiang province during January 22 to February 16, 2020. All patients were treated with rIFNα-2b (5 million U, 2 times/d) aerosol inhalation, in addition 196 patients were treated with abidol (200 mg, 3 times/d) + lopinavir/ritonavir (2 tablets, 1 time/12 h) (triple combination group) and 41 patients were treated with lopinavir/ritonavir (2 tablets, 1 time/12 h) (dual combination group). The patients who received triple combination antiviral therapy were further divided into three subgroups: <48 h, 3-5 d and >5 d according the time from the symptom onset to medication starting. The therapeutic efficacy was compared between triple combination group and dual combination group, and compared among 3 subgroups of patients receiving triple combination antiviral therapy. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results:The virus nucleic acid-negative conversion time in respiratory tract specimens was (12.2±4.7) d in the triple combination group, which was shorter than that in the dual combination group [(15.0±5.0) d] ( t=6.159, P<0.01). The length of hospital stay in the triple combination group [12.0 (9.0, 17.0) d] was also shorter than that in the dual combination group [15.0 (10.0, 18.0) d] ( H=2.073, P<0.05). Compared with the antiviral treatment which was started within after the symptom onset of in the triple combination group, the time from the symptom onset to the viral negative conversion was 13.0 (10.0, 17.0), 17.0 (13.0, 22.0) and 21.0 (18.0, 24.0) d in subgroups of 48 h, 3-5 d and >5 d, respectively ( Z=32.983, P<0.01), while the time from antiviral therapy to viral negative conversion was (11.8±3.9), (13.5±5.1) and (11.2±4.3) d, respectively( Z=6.722, P<0.05). Conclusions:The triple combination antiviral therapy of abidol, lopinavir/litonavir and rIFNα-2b shows shorter viral shedding time and shorter hospitalization time, compared with the dual combination antiviral therapy; and the earlier starting triple combination antiviral therapy will result in better antiviral efficacy.

Glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are composed of oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia. They contribute more than half of the total cells of the CNS, and are essential for neural development and functioning. Studies on the fate specification, differentiation, and functional diversification of glial cells mainly rely on the proper use of cell- or stage-specific molecular markers. However, as cellular markers often exhibit different specificity and sensitivity, careful consideration must be given prior to their application to avoid possible confusion. Here, we provide an updated overview of a list of well-established immunological markers for the labeling of central glia, and discuss the cell-type specificity and stage dependency of their expression.
Neuroglia/metabolism* ; Central Nervous System ; Oligodendroglia/metabolism* ; Astrocytes/metabolism* ; Microglia

Objective: Comparing the benefit of Abidor, lopinavir/ritonavir and recombinant interferon α-2b triple combination antiviral therapy and lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon dual combination antiviral therapy to hospitalized novel coronavirus pneumonia 2019 in Zhejiang province. Methods: A multi-center prospective study was carried out to compare the effect of triple combination antiviral therapy with dual combination antiviral therapy in 15 medical institutions of Zhejiang Province. All patients were treated with recombinant interferon α-2b (5 million U, 2 times/d) aerosol inhalation. 196 patients were treated with abidol (200 mg, 3 times/d) + lopinavir / ritonavir (2 tablets, 1 time/12 h) as the triple combination antiviral treatment group. 41 patients were treated with lopinavir / ritonavir (2 tablets, 1 time/12 h) as the dual combination antiviral treatment group. The patients who received triple combination antiviral therapy were divided into three groups: within 48 hours, 3-5 days and > 5 days after the symptom onset. To explore the therapeutic effects of triple combination antiviral drugs and dual combination antiviral drugs, as well as triple combination antiviral drugs with different antiviral initiate time. SPSS17.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results: The time of virus nucleic acid turning negative was (12.2 ± 4.7) days in the triple combination antiviral drug group, which was shorter than that in the dual combination antiviral drug group [(15.0 ± 5.0) days] (t = 6.159, P < 0.01 ). The length of hospital stay [12 (9, 17) d] in the triple combination antiviral drug group was also shorter than that in the dual combination antiviral drug group [15 (10, 18) d] (H = 2.073, P < 0.05). Comparing the antiviral treatment which was started within 48 hours, 3-5 days and > 5 days after the symptom onset of triple combination antiviral drug group, the time from the symptom onset to the negative of viral shedding was 13 (10,16.8), 17 (13,22) and 21 (18-24) days respectively (Z = 32.983, P < 0.01), and the time from antiviral therapy to the negative of viral shedding was (11.8±3.9) , (13.5±5.1) and (11.2±4.3) d. The differences among the three groups were statistically significant (Z=32.983 and 6.722, P<0.01 or<0.05). Conclusions The triple combination antiviral therapy of Abidor, Lopinavir/Litonavir and recombinant interferon α-2b showed shorter viral shedding time and hospitalization time compared with the dual combination antiviral therapy. The earlier the time to initiate triple antiviral treatment, the shorter the time of virus shedding.