Glioma is an intracranial tumor with high malignancy and significant heterogeneity.In the treatment,glioma is mainly based on surgery,supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy,its treatment plan and decision-making are closely related to its heterogeneity.MRI habitat analysis is a non-invasive examination method.Its principle is to convert the MRI image information of tumors into mineable feature data and extract them quantitatively,so as to realize the quantitative characterization of the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of tumors,reflect the occurrence and progression of tumors,and reveal the biological differences in pathophysiology and molecular typing within tumors,which is conducive to the customization of individualized treatment plans for patients.At present,habitat analysis has made great progress in predicting tumor classification,evaluating the prognosis of glioma,identifying tumor response after treatment and tumor recurrence,and has shown great potential in promoting molecular diagnosis,individualized immunotherapy and chemotherapy in precision medicine.In this paper,the application of habitat analysis technology in glioma research is reviewed and analyzed.

Glioma is an intracranial tumor with high malignancy and significant heterogeneity.In the treatment,glioma is mainly based on surgery,supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy,its treatment plan and decision-making are closely related to its heterogeneity.MRI habitat analysis is a non-invasive examination method.Its principle is to convert the MRI image information of tumors into mineable feature data and extract them quantitatively,so as to realize the quantitative characterization of the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of tumors,reflect the occurrence and progression of tumors,and reveal the biological differences in pathophysiology and molecular typing within tumors,which is conducive to the customization of individualized treatment plans for patients.At present,habitat analysis has made great progress in predicting tumor classification,evaluating the prognosis of glioma,identifying tumor response after treatment and tumor recurrence,and has shown great potential in promoting molecular diagnosis,individualized immunotherapy and chemotherapy in precision medicine.In this paper,the application of habitat analysis technology in glioma research is reviewed and analyzed.

The nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) is one of the morphologically and functionally defined centers that engage in the autonomic regulation of cardiovascular activity. Phenotypically-characterized NTS neurons have been implicated in the differential regulation of blood pressure (BP). Here, we investigated whether phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT)-expressing NTS (NTS^PNMT) neurons contribute to the control of BP. We demonstrate that photostimulation of NTS^PNMT neurons has variable effects on BP. A depressor response was produced during optogenetic stimulation of NTS^PNMT neurons projecting to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, lateral parabrachial nucleus, and caudal ventrolateral medulla. Conversely, photostimulation of NTS^PNMT neurons projecting to the rostral ventrolateral medulla produced a robust pressor response and bradycardia. In addition, genetic ablation of both NTS^PNMT neurons and those projecting to the rostral ventrolateral medulla impaired the arterial baroreflex. Overall, we revealed the neuronal phenotype- and circuit-specific mechanisms underlying the contribution of NTS^PNMT neurons to the regulation of BP.
Solitary Nucleus/metabolism* ; Blood Pressure/physiology* ; Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism* ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/metabolism*

Leptin, an adipocyte-derived peptide hormone, has been shown to facilitate breathing. However, the central sites and circuit mechanisms underlying the respiratory effects of leptin remain incompletely understood. The present study aimed to address whether neurons expressing leptin receptor b (LepRb) in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) contribute to respiratory control. Both chemogenetic and optogenetic stimulation of LepRb-expressing NTS (NTS^LepRb) neurons notably activated breathing. Moreover, stimulation of NTS^LepRb neurons projecting to the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) not only remarkably increased basal ventilation to a level similar to that of the stimulation of all NTS^LepRb neurons, but also activated LPBN neurons projecting to the preBötzinger complex (preBötC). By contrast, ablation of NTS^LepRb neurons projecting to the LPBN notably eliminated the enhanced respiratory effect induced by NTS^LepRb neuron stimulation. In brainstem slices, bath application of leptin rapidly depolarized the membrane potential, increased the spontaneous firing rate, and accelerated the Ca²⁺ transients in most NTS^LepRb neurons. Therefore, leptin potentiates breathing in the NTS most likely via an NTS-LPBN-preBötC circuit.
Leptin/pharmacology* ; Membrane Potentials ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Solitary Nucleus/metabolism*

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 outbreaks in Xiangyang, and to provide a scientific basis for curbing the development of the epidemic. Methods A retrospective epidemiological investigation was conducted to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the city from January 1 to April 30, 2020. Results Confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported throughout the city, and the epidemic situation decreased significantly after February. The median age of confirmed cases was 47 years old, and most of them were 25-65 years old (86.89%). The average interval time between first diagnosis and admission was 5.23 days, while the average interval time between diagnosis and confirmation was 1.69 days. As time went on, the time intervals between the first diagnosis and admission and between diagnosis and confirmation were significantly shortened. The higher the proportion of previous underlying diseases was, the more serious the COVID-19 infection was (χ²=44.40, P<0.05). Conclusion The infection of COVID-19 in Xiangyang is highly contagious, but the cluster epidemic was mainly mild. Novel coronavirus infection is closely related to occupational exposure, with young and middle-aged people being high-risk populations. Early diagnosis, early isolation, comprehensive treatment and active control of chronic underlying diseases are crucial to the control of COVID-19.

Objective To understand the etiological features of diarrhea in Xiangyang city and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of diarrhea. Methods A total of 1 142 stool samples were collected from diarrheal patients admitted to the First People's Hospital of Xiangyang from 2013 to 2017 anwere tested for pathogens. The pathogenic composition, population characteristics and time distribution of diarrheal patients were analyzed. Results Of the 1 142 diarrheal patients, 737 patients (64.54%) were tested negatively. Of the 405 patients tested positively, adenovirus was the most prevalent, with proportion of 38.27% (155 patients), followed by norovirus and rotavirus. Only 20 patients (4.94%) were tested as bacterial infection. Infectious diarrhea showed obvious seasonality, with largest infectious proportion in April-June. Patients younger than 1 year old were the most susceptible to infectious diarrhea and the proportion was 29.63% (120 patients). Conclusions The majority of infectious diarrhea was viral diarrhea, and the main pathogen was adenovirus and norovirus. Only a very small proportion of diarrhea was due to bacterial infection. The guidance for infant's feeding and the surveillance and control of virus diarrhea for infants should be strengthened.

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of ultra-low anastomosis for anal preservation in laparoscopic rectal can-cer surgery. Methods: The clinical data of 54 patients with low rectal cancer admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from July 2014 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The short-term effect and complications were analyzed. Results:All patients underwent successful operations; conversion to laparotomy or death was not observed in any of the patients. The mean operative time was (165 ± 31) minutes, and the intraoperative bleeding volume was (12 ± 5) mL. There was no prophylactic ileostomy in all patients. Postoperative anastomotic bleeding and anastomotic leakage occurred in 2 and 3 cases, respectively; these complica-tions were managed with conservative treatment. Postoperative urination and sexual functions of the patients remained good, and most patients were satisfied with their anal function 1 year post-operation. No local recurrences or deaths were noted after follow-up for more than 2 years. However, liver metastases were detected in 3 patients 1 year post-surgery. Conclusions: Laparoscopic transab-dominal ultra-low anastomosis for rectal cancer has a good short-term effect; however, the long-term effect remains to be evaluated.

Objective To observe the effects of Crk-SH3 domain guanine exchange factor(C3G)overexpression on the pro-liferation and apoptosis of high glucose-induced H9C2 cardiomyocytes.Methods H9C2 cardiomyocytes were transiently transfected with pCXN2-Flag(empty plasmid)and pCXN2-Flag-hC3G(human C3G mRNA)plasmids,then conducted high glucose(HG)in-tervention.The experiment was divided into the blank group,empty vector group,C3G overexpression group,blank + HG group, empty vector + HG group and C3G overexpression+ HG group.The C3G protein expressions,apoptosis and proliferation rate were respectively detected in each H9C2 cardiomyocytes groups.Results The proliferation rate in the blank+ HG group and empty vec-tor+ HG group were significantly decreased compared with the blank group and empty vector group,while the apoptosis rate was significantly increased.Compared with blank group and empty vector group,blank + HG and empty vector + HG group,the C3G protein expression and proliferation rate in the C3G overexpression group and C3G overexpression+ HG group were increased sig-nificantly,while the apoptosis rate was decreased significantly.Conclusion High glucose inhibits H9C2 myocardial cell proliferation and promots its apoptosis;furthermore,C3G overexpression can reversed the decrease of high glucose-induced H9C2 cardiomyocyte prolifer-ation rate and apoptosis increase.C3G overexpression can promote the survivability of high glucose-induced H9C2 cardiomyocytes.

Objective To explore the CT and MRI findings of Kimura disease in different location.Methods The CT and MRI obtained in 19 patients with histologically proved Kimura disease were reviewed retrospectively.Results Of these 19 patients with Kimura disease, the head and neck was involved in 16 patients, other locations less commonly involved were the lung(n=1),chest wall(n=1),liver and spleen(n=1).Kimura disease of head and neck,the density abnormal appeared as nodular,mass or diffuse on CT imaging, the CT value of lesion was similar to muscle, MRI manifested as a slightly hypo-or isointense lesion on T1WI and hyperintense on T2WI,most of the lesions demonstrated moderate or marked enhancement on postcontrast CT and MR images.Kimura disease of lung and chest wall,lesion appeared as a solid mass on imaging, there was moderate enhancement in the lung lesion and rim enhancement in the chest wall lesion.Kimura disease of liver and spleen: lesion showed nodular, mild and gradual upward enhancement.Conclusion Imaging findings of Kimura disease are not characteristic, it is very essential to know the lesion combined with the laboratory and pathologic features.

Objective:To improve the quality and efficiency of pharmaceutical care of clinical pharmacists by standardizing phar-maceutical care process using tracking table design for clinical drug therapy. Methods: The experience and skills of pharmaceutical care performed by clinical pharmacists in endocrinology department were summarized and the tracking table for clinical drug therapy was designed, which could provide information for patients clearly and concisely, and make the process of pharmaceutical care more system-atical. Results:After using the tracking table, clinical pharmacists improved work efficiency significantly. In addition, the average hospitalization, average hospitalization expenses and drug proportion significantly reduced resulting in higher satisfaction of patients. Conclusion:The standardized pharmaceutical care process performed by clinical pharmacists in endocrinology department makes phar-maceutical care more specific, comprehensive and convenient.