Ceramide (Cer),as the center molecular of sphingolipids metabolism,functions as a bioactive mediator of different cellular processes,such as cell growth,differentiation,senescence and apoptosis,besides being structural component of cellular membrane.It can inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis via multiple signal pathawys.Chemicals anti-cancer properties based on Cer metabolism that upregulate its level are confirmed in plenty of experimental researches,and parts of research productions are applied in anticancer clinic experiments.

The check methods of thyroid nodules include palpation,serum thyroid hormone and high-frequency ultrasound.When the diagnosis is difficult,fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is carried to differentiate benign and malignant nodules.In clinical practice,approximately 20％ of FNA-derived cytology reports can not meet the standard of benign or malignant.Some specific molecular biomarkers are applied to the derivative detection of FNA,which achieve considerable progress and improve the preoperative diagnostic rate.

Clinical practice guidelines play an important role in practitioner and patient decisions regarding appropriate clinical health care and in health policy formation. In the guideline development process, inappropriate methodologies and development strategies significantly influence the quality of guidelines; therefore, research and evaluation of guidelines have great significance. The original Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) instrument was published in 2003 by a group of international guideline developers and researchers. AGREE has important significance for the quality guarantee and successful implementation of guidelines, and has extensively achieved endorsement since 2003. In 2009, The AGREE Collaboration has developed the AGREE II by refining the original AGREE instrument. At present, the AGREE II has already replaced the original AGREE instrument; however, related introduction regarding AGREE II has not been found in China. The authors of this article briefly introduce the AGREE II, and believe that it will add value to research and evaluation of the guidelines as a whole.

ObjectiveTo revise the Chinese version of the screening for somatofonn symptoms-7( SOMS-7).Methods——( 1 )306 patients with somatoform disorder were selected in Psychiatry Clinic of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University.(2) With convenient sampling,207 residents were selected in Xian village of Xintang town of Zengcheng district in Guangzhou and 288 in Tongji Road community of Chancheng district in Foshan.Besides,283 residents were selected in Changnan Community of Huanggu District and Jixiang Community of Dadong District in Shenyang.After 10 to 14 days,63 female and 73 male of the community subjects were selected randomly to fill in the scale again.All of the subjects filled in the Chinese version of the SOMS-7.Results ( 1 ) The internal consistency of the Chinese version of the SOMS-7 was 0.944 for female and 0.945 for male.The test-retest reliability was 0.869 for symptom count and 0.823 for severity index.The correlation with somatization subscale of SCL-90 was 0.805 for symptom count and 0.824 for severity index.(2) Based on the diagnostic criteria of somatoform disorder in DSM-Ⅳ,ROC curves were drawn.The AUC was 0.935 for symptom count and 0.942 for severity index in female,while 0.916 for symptom count and 0.926 for severity index in male.When 2.5 (female) or 1.5 (male) was chosen for symptom count and 15.5 (female) or 14.5 (male) for severity index,the youden in-dex reached a maximum.ConclusionThe Chinese version of the SOMS-7 showed a good reliability and validity,being reliable and valid as a tool to screen patients with somatoform disorder.

Cognitive function has become a hot spot in the field of epilepsy. However,the relationship between cognitive function and epilepsy has not been clearly demonstrated. Clinical trials have showed that epi-lepsy and epileptic relevant factors are both associated with cognitive function in children. Children with cogni-tive impairment are often caused by those two factors. This article focuses on cognitive function in children with epilepsy age below 6 years,and mainly reviews the characteristics of cognitive function in these children with epilepsy.

Objective To investigate the change of plasma L-threonine (L-Thr) ,D-threonine (D-Thr) ,L-alanine (L-Ala) and D-alanine (D-Ala) in the patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by using the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) .Methods The o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) column with pre-column derivatization was adopted to perform the separation .The mobile phase was 20 mmol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution and acetonitrile with a programmed gradient elution and the flow rate of 1 .0 mL/min .The excitation wavelength was set at 350 nm and the emission wavelength was set at 450 nm .Results The threonine and alanine enantiomers could be simultaneously determined by this method .The regression equation showed the good linear correlation The limits of detection (LOD) for L-Thr ,D-Thr ,L-Ala and D-Ala were 11 .4 pg/mL ,9 .77 pg/mL ,4 .11 pg/mL and 3 .50 pg/mL respectively .The recovery rate was 90 .22% -105 .7% .With-in-day and between-day RSD was 1 .04% -4 .11% .Conclusion The threonine and alanine enantiomers could be simultaneously de-termined by this method .The regression equation showed the good linear correlation The limits of detection (LOD) for L-Thr ,D-Thr ,L-Ala and D-Ala were 11 .4 pg/mL ,9 .77 pg/mL ,4 .11 pg/mL and 3 .50 pg/mL respectively .The recovery rate was 90 .22%-105 .7% .Within-day and between-day RSD was 1 .04% -4 .11% .

Objective Through the English newspaper reading activities to create the information transmission platform based on the medium of English,so as to improve the students' ability of receiving,understanding,conversion,processing,and output information.Methods Two natural classes of seven-year program students of Grade 2011 with no difference in Englishproficiencywere selected at randomas control group(30) and the experimental group(30).And reform on reading course has been performed in the experimental class by incorporating English newspaper reading into traditional teaching routine,while the control class maintain the traditional teaching routine.After the teaching,through CET 4 test scores to evaluate the teaching effect.Independent t-test was conducted on the performances of CET 4 between the experimental class and controlled class with the level of test α=0.05.Results The control group was higher than the experimental group inthe total scoreof CET 4 and the performance oflistening and reading,and there was significant difference between the two groups(P of totalscore=0.000,P of listening score=0.002,P of reading score=0.001).But there was no statistically significant difference in writing subtests between the two groups(P=0.072).Conclusion By adopting English newspaper reading and broadcasting in class,students' overall ability of using English has been greatly enhanced,especially the listening comprehension and reading comprehension; however,there is no significant change in the development of students' writing ability due to the tasks designed.

Objective To explore the adjustment and posttraumatic growth of people with spinal cord injury from the community. Meth-ods From January 2013 to May 2015, Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to interview 12 participants with spinal cord injury from Sunshine Rehibilation Center. Interviews were recorded on audio-tape with participants' permission and then transcribed verbatim. The transcribed interviews were analyzed according to interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results 3 superordinate themes emerged includ-ing struggling in despair, disentangling from the shadow of disability and continuing with life as normal, facing challenge and achieving pos-itive growth. Conclusion It is necessary to explore the process of adjustment and posttraumatic growth of people with spinal cord injury, which contribute to understand their psychological experience, psychological feature, and coping strategies, promote their physical and psy-chological recovery, and provide theory and practice guidance for family and society re-integration.

Objective To assess the effectiveness of Exenatide on non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) with diabetes mellitus by evaluating fatty liver index(FLI) variation .Methods One hundred and two NAFLD patients with type 2 diabetes melli‐tus were enrolled and divided into two groups .One group were treated with Exenatide and another with Oral antidiabetic agents . The data of BMI ,blood fat ,HbA1c ,ALT ,AST ,GGT ,FLI and so on were collected at enrollment and the end point of 24 weeks treatment .The effectiveness of Exenatide were analysed by Kolmogorov‐Smirnov and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) analysis . Results The indicators of metabolic disorder ,the parameters of liver biochemistry and fatty liver disease (FLI) were significantly improved (P<0 .05) after 24 weeks treatment by Exenatide .While only BMI showed significant decrease after 24 weeks treatment with Oral antidiabetic agents(P<0 .05) .The rest of the parameters in oral antidiabetic agants group showed no significant differ‐ence (P>0 .05) .Conclusion Exenatide has a positive effect on non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease treatment who with type 2 diabetes mellitus ,especially for liver fat accumulation .