Cheek ; pathology ; Choristoma ; Humans ; Salivary Ducts

BACKGROUND:Femoral head necrosis induced by glucocorticoid is typical under mechanics load.OBJECTIVE:To create the rat models of the femoral head necrosis by long-term glucocorticoid treatment,and to Observe the changes of femoral head necrosis induced by glucocorticoid under mechanics load.METHODS:Wistar rats with 4-month old were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups.After the buttocks injection of dexamethasone 20mg/kg weakly for 8 weeks,rats in the experimental group were made to run on the running machine at a speed of 1 km/h to forme the hyper-weight model;at the same time those in the control group were with the normal physiological weight.Rats in both groups were sacrificed at weeks 2,4,6 and 8.The left legs were taken for the biomechanics test on the EnduraTEC ELF3200,the biggest vertical deformation and stiftness were calculated,the number of empty osteocyte lacunas was calculated,and the cumulative absorbance value was compared between two groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The femoral head presented with necrosis at 8 weeks in the experimental group.and the width of bone trabecula,and the stiffness of which were smaller than that of the control group.but the biggest vertical deformation was greater the concurrent control group(P＜0.05).The Bcl-2 cumulative absorbance value of 2 groups had significant differences at 4 weeks(P＜0.05),which was increased with time prolonged in the experimental group(P＜0.05).The results demonstrated that:in glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head,mechanics Ioad induces the obviously osteocyte necrosis.more cartilage repair,and trabeculae rupture,which is considered as the direct reason of the necrosis of the femoral head The typical femoral head necrosis is presented.

To identify the role of spinal cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 in the development and maintenance of postoperative pain, we examined the changes of COX-1 protein expression in lumbar spinal cord by immunohistochemistry and Western blot technique in rat plantar incision model at different time points (pre-incision or 2 h, 4 h, 6 h,12 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 5 d and 7 d after incision). We also studied the anti-allodynic effects of the COX inhibitors by intrathecal administration of non-selective COX inhibitors (ketorolac), selective COX-1 (SC-560) or COX-2 inhibitor (NS-398) immediately or 2 h, 24 h after incision. The mechanical allodynia was evaluated by using paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) response to mechanical stimulation on pre-incision, 2 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 5 d and 7 d after incision or 30 min after drug treatment. The result showed that COX-1 immunoreactive cells mainly focused in the superficial laminae of lumbar spinal dorsal horn and expression of spinal COX-1 protein increased after incision, peaked at 4 h (P＜0.01) and lasted for 12 h. Postoperative treatment with both SC-560 and ketorolac significantly alleviating the mechanical allodynia induced by skin incision, but NS-398 had no such effect. This study demonstrates that spinal COX-1 involves in the development and maintenance of postoperative hypersensitivity and intrathecal COX-1 inhibitor has anti-allodynic effect on incision pain in the rat.

The neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer included neoadjuvant radiotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and neoadjuvant molecular targeted therapy. Recent reports on neoadjuvant therapy clearly showed a downstaging and downgrading effect on the primary rectal cancer. The rates of R0 resection and sphincter preservation were improved and local recurrence was decreased, but the long term survival was not improved. The results of using new chemotherapeutics and molecular targeted drugs in neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer were expected.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and clinical features of tuberculosis (TB) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods All articles published in Chinese between 1998-2008 were searched by using "systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)" and "tuberculosis infection" as the keywords.Data were extracted and then Meta-analysis was done. Results Four hundred and twenty-four patients with the age(32±9) years from 30 studies were available for analysis, in which 45 were males and 379 were females. The duration of SLE when TB infection was diagnosed was (26±19) months.TB was found in 2.3%～19.6% of patients and 15.6% of them died. 73.0% of patients of SLE were in stable phase when infected with TB.7.50% of patients had a history of TB infection years ago. The common manifestations observed were fever (95.2%), weight loss (63.1%), cough and expectoration (60.2%), night-sweat (47.8%), chest pain (44.7%), chest distress and dyspnea (41.1%). 35.0% of patients had hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis and 15.1% of patients had tuberculous meningitis. 45.3% of patients had extra-pulmonary TB. The focus of infection could not be identified in 2.8% of patients. Both ESR and CRP were elevated in patients(93.9%, 77.1%), but the positive rate of tuberculin test, anti-TB antibody and sputum smear posivity was low (19.3%, 41.8%, 14.3%). Conclusion TB incidence in patients with SLE is evidently high and the clinical mani-festation is not typical. Extra-pulmonary TB and serious infection are more frequently. Severe TB infection and extra-pulmonary TB are frequent. More patients with SLE are in stable phase when infected with TB. Early diagnosis of TB infection is important.

Objective To explore the molecular mechanisms involved in liver regeneration after different cold ischemic (CI) times for the liver graft in 30% volume rat liver transplantation. Methods A model of 30% volume Lewis to lewis rat liver transplantation with hepatic artery reconstruction was established. Rats were grouped as follows: 1 h CI group (n =25), 8 h CI group (n =25) and 16h CI group (n = 25). Survival rate of rats in each group and liver regeneration were observed. Specimen were collected at predetermined intervals from 90 min, 1,4 and 7 d post-reperfusion. TNF-α and IL-6 expression, STAT3 activation were determined in liver grafts. Expression of cyclin D1 and hepatocyte replication with BrdU uptake were studied by immunohiatochemistry. Statistical analysis was used to compare BrdU positively stained hepatoeytes at 1 d post- reperfusion in each group. Results 30% liver transplantation was performed in a total of 75 rats. Compared with rats in 1 h CI group, TNF-α and IL-6 expression in 8 h CI and 16 h CI groups were markedly increased after 30% liver transplantation. STAT3 activity in 8 h CI and 16 h CI groups was significantly increased. Cyclin D1 expression in 8 CI group was demonstrated with cytoplasmic and nuclear staining. Grafts in 16 h CI group showed large areas with no cyclin D1 expression. Number of hepatoeytes with positively stained neclei in 1 h CI group was more than that in 8 h CI group at 1 d after transplantation (t = 6.14, P < 0.05). Conclusion Liver regeneration following 30% liver graft transplantation may be through TNF-α/IL-6/STAT3/ Cyclin D1/DNA synthesis pathways. The reason for 30% liver graft failure with significant cold ischemic injury is that hepatocytes may not respond to initiating signals for liver graft regeneration.

Objective The college and university students' physical exercise behavior scale has been de-veloped. Methods Baaed on the theory of planning behavior,after investigation and analysis,a questionnaire was made to test 1180 students from some colleges and universities in Changjiang Delta area. Its reliability and validity was tested,and confirmatory factor analysis was carried out. Results The scale consists of 4 factors: behavioral intention,subjective criterion,cognitive behavior,and integrative attitude. Its retest reliability was 0.920, correla-tion coefficient of the factors between 0.732 and 0.854 ,and the total scale Cronbach α 0.931. The correlated co-efficients between subseales and total scales range 0.455～0.785 ;the IFI, CFI,and NFI fit indices of the four di-mensions were over 0.9 ;RMSEA 0.042. Conclusion The reliability and validity of the scale are suitable as an effective tool to test university students' sports exercise behavior.

Colorectal cancer is a kind of common malignant tumor,the incidence of which appears to increase with the developments of social economy and change of life style.Liver metastasis occurred in about 50％ of patients with colorectal cancer,as an important cause of death.In recent years,radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been used clinically to damage the hepatic metastatic carcinoma.With the characteristics of accuracy,micro-invasive trauma and repeatability,RFA has been extensively used as an effective local treatment.This paper discusses the indications of RFA for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM),current status of RFA in unresectable and resectable CRLM,application of RFA in combine therapy for CRLM.

Some of the clinical manifestation of primary immunodeficiency disease in children is similar with that of hematological system diseases in children.It would result into the change of one or multiple lines of blood cells, which would lead to infection or malignant tumors.To strengthen the awareness of the hematologic manifestations of immunodeficiency diseases will be beneficial for doctors in the diagnosis of diseases,judgment of complication and prog-nosis.

This study is to investigate the effect of (2-methyl-n-butyl) shikonin (MBS) on inducing apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 and the role of ERK1/2 signal pathway in the apoptosis. MTT assay was used to detect SGC-7901 cell proliferation. DNA condensation was measured by DAPI stain. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was analyzed by JC-1 staining. The protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, Survivin, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, p-JNK, JNK, p-p38 and p38 were detected by Western blotting. The results showed that MBS reduced the cell viability of SGC-7901 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The IC50 at 24 h and 48 h for SGC-7901 cells was 10.113 and 4.196 micromolL(-1), respectively. After being treated with MBS, the typical nuclear condensation was observed in SGC-7901 cells by DAPI stain. Apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells was induced by MBS in a dose dependent manner. The protein expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated, while the protein expressions of cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK were up-regulated after MBS treatment. U0126, a specific MAP kinase (MEK1/2) inhibitor, blocked the ERK1/2 activation by MBS. MMP was decreased by MBS treatment. It can be concluded that MBS could inhibit SGC-7901 cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. Mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, ERK1/2 signal pathway and JNK signal pathway might be involved in this process.