Objective To study any change in the expression of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) in the skeletal muscles of mice with emphysema.MethodsTwenty Kunming male mice were divided into a normal control group and an emphysema group (n =10 in each ).An emphysema model was established by passive cigarette smoking in 8 of the emphysema group mice.TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptotic skeletal muscle cells.Im munohistochemical assays were used to determine the protein level of γ-GCS synthetase.ResultsThe average optical density of apoptotic cells was significantly higher in the skeletal muscles of the mice with emphysema compared with the normal controls,and their average γ-GCS synthetase levels were also significantly higher.Conclusions Apoptotic cells increase in skeletal muscle during emphysema,which may be caused by an oxidation/antioxidant imbalance mediated by γ-GCS synthetase.

Objective To develop a model of inflammatory bowel disease in rats induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid(TNBS).Methods Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups:model,mock model and normal group.2% TNBS,50% ethanol and physiological saline were administered per-rectum to each of the three groups,respectively.Feces,psychosis and appetite were observed,body weight and food eaten were recorded daily.Rats were killed after 3,6 and 14 d,and the colons were isolated and histological findings were examined.Results On the first day,rats in the model group had loose and bloody stools,and the symptoms lasted for about 8 days.Body weight and food eaten were markedly decreased for 7-10 days.Obvious pathological changes in the colon were observed on third day and heavier on sixth day,characterized by mucosal necrosis and transmutable inflammation.In the mock model group,the rats had loose stools on first day,and recovered on second day.Light pathological changes were found on third day.In the normal group,no pathological changes were found in colon.Conclusion Rats treated with TNBS showed obvious characters of inflammatory bowel disease,which could be used as a model in study on etiopathogenesis and evaluation effects of medicines.

Objective To discuss the clinical effect of pulmicort respules inhalation in children with acute infectious laryngitis.Methods We selected acute infectious laryngitis in our hospital from November 2015 to November 2016,106 children were divided into two groups,the control group and the observation group of 53 cases,of which the control group of children with conventional treatment,the observation group to take Pulmicort respules inhalation treatment,the two comparison(P<0.05).The total effective rate of the observation group and the control group were 100％and 90.56％respectively(P<0.05).Results The treatment effect of the observation group and the control group were observed and compared(P<0.05),and the improvement of the observation group after treatment and the time of symptom extinction were significantly better than that of the control group(P<0.05); The clinical symptoms of both groups before and after treatment were improved(P<0.05).Conclusion The treatment of children with acute infectious laryngitis by atomizing inhalation of pulmicort respules can obtain obvious therapeutic effect and reduce the adverse reaction caused by improper use of drugs,(fever,cough,wheezing,etc.)have a good improvement in clinical application worthy of recognition.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the content of iodide in water and children goiter in the high iodide areas. Methods Pupils aged 8-10 years from 17 primary schools in 10 towns of Huimin county, Yangxin county, Wudi county, Bincheng county were chosen. Based on the contents of water iodide,the pupils were divided into groups, the prevalence of goiter and the content of urinary iodide were determined. Results The prevalence of goiter in the children aged 8-10 was 18.8%,the prevalence showed an increasing tendency. In a certain range, increase of content of iodide in water did not caused an increased prevalence of goiter. There was no association was found between the content of iodide in water and the prevalence of goiter. Conclusion According to the results of the present paper, despite the contents of iodide in drinking water meets the standard of high iodide area, there is still no dose-effect relationship between the prevalence of goiter in the children aged 8-10 years and the content of iodide in water, whereas as the high iodide exposure time prolong, the prevalence of goiter demonstrates an increase tendency.

Objective To acquire effective clues for identification of environmental risk factors to birth defects. Methods Spatial autocorrelation statistics Moran's I and spatial hotspots detect method Getis's G statistics was used to identify birth defect risk factor. Results The different kinds of birth defects have different spatial distribution. Neural tube birth defects have the properties of spatial autocorrelation and different clustering phenomena in different spatial scales. Two typical spatial patterns were discovered in spatial scales of about 6.84 kilometers and 22.8 kilometers. Conclusion Using spatial autocorrelation probing technique, we find that there may be some common environmental teratogenetic factors which affect birth defects occurring ratio in the study area. By hotspots analysis of the clustering phenomena, the risk factors leading to birth defect were further resolved.

BACKGROUND:Intervertebral disc degeneration is the pathological basis of degenerative spinal diseases. Studies on the influentialfactors of intervertebral disc degeneration contribute to the prevention and treatment of degenerative spinal disease.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the growth and proliferation of nucleus pulposus cels isolated by trypsin plus type II colagenase digestion in complete medium with different glucose concentrations, exploring the optimal glucose concentration for growth of nucleus pulposus cels.
METHODS:Nucleus pulposus cels isolated and cultured by trypsin plus type II colagenase digestion method were observed under an inverted microscope, and thecelnumber was counted. Morphology of nucleus pulposus cels was observed afterhematoxylin-eosinstaining and toluidine blue staining. Colagen type II immunoreactivity was detected by immunohistochemical staining combined with immunofluorescent staining.Nucleus pulposuscels were incubated in complete medium containing various glucose concentrations (0, 6.25, 12.5, 17.5, and 25 mmol/L) for 24 hours, and then cel proliferation and apoptosis were determined.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The stained nucleus pulposus cels showed polygonal and short spindle, with one or two nuclei. Celularpseudopod appeared gradualy and then became slim with increased passage numbers. The isolated and cultured nucleus pulposus cels positively expressed colagen type II and aggrecanProliferative activity of nucleus pulposus cels cultured in medium with 17.5 mmol/L glucose was significantly higher than that in medium with 0 and 25 mmol/L glucose (P< 0.05 orP< 0.01). There wasno significant differencein cel apoptosis between these groups except for 0 mmol/L glucose (P<0.05). These results confirm that a large number of nucleus pulposus celscan beharvested by trypsin plustype II colagenase digestion and the optimal glucose concentration is 17.5 mmol/L.

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway obstruction that results in brief periods of breathing cessation (apnea) or a marked reduction in airflow (hypopnea) during sleep. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by revesible air-flow obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. This article reviewed related reseaches progress of relationship between the obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrom and asthma in the vascular endothelial growth factor, systemic inflammation, leptin, obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease and upper airway diseases, excessive daytime sleepiness and asthma control.
Asthma ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Obesity ; Respiration ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

An 70-year-old male come for swallowing pain 5 years, turning worse 10 months. Laryngoscopy showed a tumor with rough surface at the laryngeal surface of epiglottic. Outpatient pathology: poorly differentiated carcinoma of the larynx. CT: the root of epiglottic is slightly thickened. He accepted the partial laryngectomy, tracheotomy, bilateral functional neck dissection. Pathology: atypical carcinoid of larynx.
Aged ; Carcinoid Tumor ; pathology ; Epiglottis ; pathology ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Laryngectomy ; Laryngoscopy ; Larynx ; pathology ; Male ; Neck Dissection ; Tracheotomy

The primary etiopathology of pediatric OSAHS includes tonsil or adenoid hypertrophy. Severe OSAHS contributes to or aggravates thoracic deformity, which is rarely reported. In the current report, This children sleep snoring more than 4 years, increasing with thoracic severe depression during sleep 2 days. Clinical examination indicated tonsil and adenoid hypertrophy, and polysomnography revealed OSAHS . The symptoms of OSAHS and severe inhalation-related sternum depression disappeared rapidly after tonsillectomy. Our findings indicated that OSAHS were the major causes underlying funnel chest in children. The rarity of the incidence may result in missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Polysomnography was recommended for the child diagnosed with funnel chest accompanied by upper airway stenosis.
Adenoids ; pathology ; Child ; Funnel Chest ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Palatine Tonsil ; pathology ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; diagnosis ; Snoring ; Tonsillectomy

Objective To explore the clinical curative effects of hip replacement in the treatment of femoral neck fracture and femoral head necrosis in elderly patients and the existing problems.Methods A total of seventy-five aged patients with femoral neck fracture or femoral head necrosis who were treated by hip replacement were selected as study objects.They were divided into fracture group and femoral head necrosis group according to disease type,all the patients were treated with hip replacement.The surgical time,intraoperative blood transfusion volume,length of hospital stay,in-bed time,perioperative complications and postoperative complications were observed and recorded.The Harris score was used to evaluate hip function of preoperation and postoperation.Results All patients were followed up for 6 ～ 24 months,no incision infection and severe perioperative complications.The volume of intraoperative blood loss,operation time,hospitalization time,in-bed time of the fracture group were (334.9 ± 90.4) mL,(91.7 ± 14.3) min,(19.5 ± 7.5) d,(5.9 ± 1.6) d,respectvely,which of the femoral head necrosis group were (362.9 ± 71.5) mL,(93.5 ± 7.8) min,(20.5 ± 4.2) d,(6.3 ± 1.4) d,respectvely,the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).At the end of the follow-up,the Harris scores of the two groups were higher than before operation,and the score of the fracture group (89.0 ± 7.4) points was significantly higher than (84.0 ± 9.2) points of the femoral head necrosis group (t =19.639,P ＜ 0.05).In the fracture group,1 year after surgery,1 patient appeared delayed fracture healing,2 cases with postoperative pain when walking the affected area.In the femoral head necrosis group,1 case with femoral nerve injury,1 case of death due to its original diseases,1 case of postoperative sore pain when walking,the two groups had no prosthesis loosening or dislocation phenomenon.Conclusion Hip replacement in the treatment of femoral neck fracture and femoral head necrosis in elderly patients can be used as a clinical treatment option with short in-bed time,less intraoperative blood loss,short operation time,less perioperative complication and good treatment effect,and it is worth to be promoted.