Objective To study any change in the expression of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) in the skeletal muscles of mice with emphysema.MethodsTwenty Kunming male mice were divided into a normal control group and an emphysema group (n =10 in each ).An emphysema model was established by passive cigarette smoking in 8 of the emphysema group mice.TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptotic skeletal muscle cells.Im munohistochemical assays were used to determine the protein level of γ-GCS synthetase.ResultsThe average optical density of apoptotic cells was significantly higher in the skeletal muscles of the mice with emphysema compared with the normal controls,and their average γ-GCS synthetase levels were also significantly higher.Conclusions Apoptotic cells increase in skeletal muscle during emphysema,which may be caused by an oxidation/antioxidant imbalance mediated by γ-GCS synthetase.

Objective To develop a model of inflammatory bowel disease in rats induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid(TNBS).Methods Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups:model,mock model and normal group.2% TNBS,50% ethanol and physiological saline were administered per-rectum to each of the three groups,respectively.Feces,psychosis and appetite were observed,body weight and food eaten were recorded daily.Rats were killed after 3,6 and 14 d,and the colons were isolated and histological findings were examined.Results On the first day,rats in the model group had loose and bloody stools,and the symptoms lasted for about 8 days.Body weight and food eaten were markedly decreased for 7-10 days.Obvious pathological changes in the colon were observed on third day and heavier on sixth day,characterized by mucosal necrosis and transmutable inflammation.In the mock model group,the rats had loose stools on first day,and recovered on second day.Light pathological changes were found on third day.In the normal group,no pathological changes were found in colon.Conclusion Rats treated with TNBS showed obvious characters of inflammatory bowel disease,which could be used as a model in study on etiopathogenesis and evaluation effects of medicines.

Bone Conduction ; Hearing Aids ; Humans

Objective To investigate the effects of intrathecal (IT) ketamine on the synapsis remodeling in the spinal dorsal horn during devolopment of morphine tolerance in a rat model of neuropathic pain (NP). Methods Male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were used in this study. IT catheter was placed in the subarachnoid space according to Yaksh. Forty-eight SD rats in which IT catheter was successfully placed were randomly divided into 6groups (n=8 each): group sham operation (group S); group NP; group normal saline 20 μl IT(group NS);group morphine 20 μg IT (group M); group ketamine 50 μg IT (group K) and group morphine 20 μ g + ketamine 50 μg IT (group MK). NP was induced by compression of right L4,5 dorsal root ganglions with steel wire inserted through L4,5 intervertebral foramen in NP,M,K and MK groups. Normal saline or morphine and/or ketamine were injected IT once a day for consecutive 14 days. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) to mechanical stimulation and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to a thermal nociceptive stimulus were measured on 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14 days during the consecutive 14 days of administration. The animals were sacrificed after the final IT administration. The lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the number of synapsis in the spinal dorsal horn by immuno-histochemistry in 4 animals in each group and observation of synaptic structure remodeling using electron microscope in another 4 animals in each group. Results Compared with group S, PWT was significantly decreased and PWL was shortened in the other 5 groups, and the number of synapsis was significantly increased and the synaptic structure was thickened in NP, NS, M and K groups (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group NP,PWT was significantly increased and PWL was prolonged in M, K and MK groups, and the number of synapsis was significantly decreased and the thickness of synaptic structure was significantly reduced in group MK ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group M, PWT was significantly increased, PWL was prolonged, the number of synapsis was significantly decreased and the thickness of synaptic structure was significantly reduced in group MK ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion IT ketamine can inhibit the synaptic remodeling in the spinal dorsal horn during development of morphine tolerance in a rat model of NP.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) combined with hyperthennia in killing liver tumor cells and its influence on erythrocytes in vitro. Methods Cultured liver tumor cells (2 ml) were mixed with erythrocyte suspension (10 ml) and then the mixture was separated into 6 centrifuge tubes with 2 ml in each one. The centrifuge tubes were randomly divided into A-F groups and the experiment was repeated for 30 times. Normal saline 2 ml was added in A and D groups. DDP 2 ml (200 μg/ml) was added in B and E groups. DDP 2 ml (400 μg/ml) was added in C and F groups. The cells were then incubated in warm bath of 37 ℃ for 30 min in A, B and C groups and in warm bath of 42 ℃ for 30 min in the other three groups.After hyperthermic treatment, tumor cells were isolated from erythrocytes using density gradient centrifugation, the inhibition rate of tumor cells was determined by MTT method and the clone formation of tumor cells was checked.The erythrocyte osmotic fragility and content of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid in erythrocytes were measured. Results The inhibition rate of tumor cells was gradually increased, while the rate of tumor cell clone formation decreased with the increase in the temperature and DDP concentrations ( P < 0.01) . The rate of tumor cell clone formation was more than 98% and no clone formation was tested in group F. There was no significant difference in the content of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid in erythrocytes between before and after hyperthermic treatment in group F ( P >0.05 ) . The rate of hemolysis of erythrocytes was less than 1 % in the 0.68 % sodium chloride solution in group F.Conclusion DDP 200 μg/ml combined with hyperthermic treatment with temperature of 42 ℃ for 30 min can make the liver tumor cells lose the capability of proliferation, however, it exerts slight effect on erythrocyte membrane and no influence on the oxygen-carrying capacity of erythrocytes.

Objective To detect the spatial point pattern distribution rules of neural tube defects.Methods The kernel density estimation and Ripley's K-function were used to analyze the spatial point pattern of the neural tube birth defects in Heshun county in 1998-2001.Results The kernel density estimation result showed that there was two clusters' distribution in central area and southeastern area respectively.In addition,the result by the Ripley's K-function presented that the location of neural tube birth defects had a significant cluster tendency in the spatial distance from 3.17 to 10.41 kilometers in the investigated area.Conclusion These results can provide an important clue for identifying the relations between environment risk factors and birth defects in this area in the future.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the content of iodide in water and children goiter in the high iodide areas. Methods Pupils aged 8-10 years from 17 primary schools in 10 towns of Huimin county, Yangxin county, Wudi county, Bincheng county were chosen. Based on the contents of water iodide,the pupils were divided into groups, the prevalence of goiter and the content of urinary iodide were determined. Results The prevalence of goiter in the children aged 8-10 was 18.8%,the prevalence showed an increasing tendency. In a certain range, increase of content of iodide in water did not caused an increased prevalence of goiter. There was no association was found between the content of iodide in water and the prevalence of goiter. Conclusion According to the results of the present paper, despite the contents of iodide in drinking water meets the standard of high iodide area, there is still no dose-effect relationship between the prevalence of goiter in the children aged 8-10 years and the content of iodide in water, whereas as the high iodide exposure time prolong, the prevalence of goiter demonstrates an increase tendency.

Objective To acquire effective clues for identification of environmental risk factors to birth defects. Methods Spatial autocorrelation statistics Moran's I and spatial hotspots detect method Getis's G statistics was used to identify birth defect risk factor. Results The different kinds of birth defects have different spatial distribution. Neural tube birth defects have the properties of spatial autocorrelation and different clustering phenomena in different spatial scales. Two typical spatial patterns were discovered in spatial scales of about 6.84 kilometers and 22.8 kilometers. Conclusion Using spatial autocorrelation probing technique, we find that there may be some common environmental teratogenetic factors which affect birth defects occurring ratio in the study area. By hotspots analysis of the clustering phenomena, the risk factors leading to birth defect were further resolved.

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway obstruction that results in brief periods of breathing cessation (apnea) or a marked reduction in airflow (hypopnea) during sleep. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by revesible air-flow obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. This article reviewed related reseaches progress of relationship between the obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrom and asthma in the vascular endothelial growth factor, systemic inflammation, leptin, obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease and upper airway diseases, excessive daytime sleepiness and asthma control.
Asthma ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Obesity ; Respiration ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

An 70-year-old male come for swallowing pain 5 years, turning worse 10 months. Laryngoscopy showed a tumor with rough surface at the laryngeal surface of epiglottic. Outpatient pathology: poorly differentiated carcinoma of the larynx. CT: the root of epiglottic is slightly thickened. He accepted the partial laryngectomy, tracheotomy, bilateral functional neck dissection. Pathology: atypical carcinoid of larynx.
Aged ; Carcinoid Tumor ; pathology ; Epiglottis ; pathology ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Laryngectomy ; Laryngoscopy ; Larynx ; pathology ; Male ; Neck Dissection ; Tracheotomy