OBJECTIVE:To provide information about the brand positioning of pharmaceutical products for reference of Chinese pharmaceutical business.METHODS:We overviewed the implication and foundation of brand fixed position of phar?maceutical products and put forward the tactics of brand positioning of pharmaceutical products.RESULTS&CONCLU?SION:Under the conditions of sectionalized market and individulized consumption,nowadays,the existence and development of an enterprise directly depend on the success of brand positioning of its pharmaceutical products.

Childhood autism is an extensive developmental disorder.Abnormal neuroimaging and neuropathology brain structure research of autistic children in recent years are reviewed in this paper.Brain structure researches have showed the brain volume increased in children with autism,normally occuring to the frontal lobe,temporal lobe.Brain function researches have shown that children with autism have abnormal activity in the fusiform gyrus,superior temporal gyrus,and inferior frontal lobe.Brain metabolites studies have shown that children with autism present glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid and serotonin metabolism disorder.Immunological studies have found that children with autism have proinflammatory factor and the emergence of a brain protein antibody.

Blood vessels are indispensible for tumor growth and metastasis.Traditional antiangiogenic strategy reduce the density and the supply of tumor blood vessels.Recent studies have shown that antiangiogenic therapy has transient and insufficient efficacy.Blockage of blood and oxygen supplies creates a hypoxic and acidic microenvironment in the tumor tissues,which fosters tumor cells to become more aggressive and metastatic.Tumor vascular normalization may be an alternative approach to treat cancers,normalize the disorganized tumor vasculature,rather than disrupting or blocking them,thus reduce tumor hypoxia as well as increase the efficacy of chemotherapy,radiotherapy and immunotherapy.

Female ; Humans ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; drug therapy

Objective To study the clinicopathological characteristies,differential diagnosis,etiological factor and treatment of anorectal malignant melanoma(AMM). Methods Clinical pathological characteristics and immunohistochemical findings were observed in 13 cases of anorectal malignant melanoma,with review of related literature.Results Average age was 55.8 years. And often occurred in the middle and old. Under microscope, the tumor was complicated constructionally, and the tumor cells were variform. Usually in tightly packed nests, dispersed sheet and trabecular, melanin pigment could be observed in the majority of AMM, but sometimes ameLanotic pigment was present. Immunohistochemiscal the tumor cells were positive for HMB 45, S-100 and vimetin. Conclnsion AMM is a high malignant tumor with very poor prognosis. So,it should be diagnosed and treated early. HMB 45 and S-100 are sensitive tumor markers for AMM.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of vertebral pedicle screw internal fixation for thora-columbar fractures without neurological damage,and to provide guidance and assistance for the treatment.Methods The thoracolumbar fracture patients during our inpatient treatment without neurological damage clinical data of 76 cases were selected,patients were randomly assigned into the observation group and the control group,each within 38 cases. The observation group were treated by vertebral pedicle screw fixation technique in the treatment and control group for cross -vertebral fixation treatment.Patients before surgery,one week after surgery,three months after surgery and 12 months after surgery were followed up,and the perioperative parameters,radiographic parameters,visual analog scale (VAS)and back disability index (ODI)were compared.Results Perioperative parameter comparison and difference of the accuracy of pedicle screw no significant showed no statistically significance.Preoperative VAS,ODI, Vobb angle and vertebral anterior height ratio in the two groups showed no significant difference.After 12 months of observation group ODI score was (10.3 ±2.8)points,which was significantly lower than that (13.5 ±2.5)points in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (t =3.287,P <0.05).In addition,the observer group in VAS,surgery after Cobb angle and vertebral degree of restoration of vertebral height compared with control group,the differences were statistically significant (all P <0.05).Conclusion By using vertebral pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures without neurological damage shows efficacy,good prominent vertebral body height restoration,fewer complications,safety and reliable,which is worthy of clinical application.

Because of the effects of misbalance of Qi/Blood and Yin/Yang and abuse of medicine,food and emotion,phlegm and static blood syndrome is easy to be made in the course of pathological changes of migraine.Phlegm and static blood syndrome is the important factor in the occurrence and development of migraine. In the whole period of migraine it is showing not only stabbing pain immovable for a long time,but also showing languor and scarce of appetite;The method of dissipating blood stasis and phlegm should be used effectively.

Objective To determine the associations of visceral adipose tissue area and retinol binding protein 4(RBP4) with bone mineral density (BMD) in the postmenopausal patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods The cross-sectional study involved 69 postmenopausal patients with T2DM (aged 40-73 years) in our hospital,they were divided into 4 groups:group 1:BMI ＜26.0 kg/m2,VAT＜ 155.3 cm2 ; group 2:BMI ＜ 26.0 kg/m2,VAT＞ 155.3 cm2 ; group 3:BMI ＜26.0 kg/m2,VAT＜155.3 cm2;group 4:BMI＜26.0 kg/m2,VAT＞155.3 cm2.The visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area were obtained by computed tomography(CT) and BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).Results VAT area had negative associanons with lumbar spine BMD (LS-BMD) and greater trochanter BMD (GT-BMD) (r=-0.367,r=-0.301),and with LS-BMD,GT-BMD,femoral neck BMD (FN-BMD) and intertrochanter BMD (IT-BMD) even after adjusting for body mass index(BMI) and SAT (r =-0.433,-0.432,-0.300,-0.297,all P＜0.05).A negative relationship was showed between LNRBP4 and LS-BMD in postmenopausal female patients (all P ＜ 0.05.) The postmenopausal female patients with T2DM were divided into four groups according to the mean values of BMI and VAT area.BMD at any site of group 3(LS-BMD:1.00±0.20,FN-BMD:0.82±0.17,IT-BMD:1.13±0.21,GT-BMD:0.76±0.18) were higher than group 2(0.79±0.14,0.70±0.10,0.95±0.14,0.58±0.11).The multiple regression indicated that the variation of predictors (age,DUR,BMI,VAT,HbA1c,FINS and PMT) explained 51.7％,52.2％,59.8％ and 75.3％ of the variation in LS-BMD.FN-BMD,IT-BMD,GT-BMD among subjects,respectively(all P＜0.01).Conclusions The influence of fat on bone density may depend on its site of VAT or SAT.VAT could be an independent determinant factor of BMDin the postmenopausal female with T2DM.Serum RBP4 may contribute to this effect.

HIV /AIDS related lymphoma (ARL)are a group of heterogeneity of neoplasms,and they have poor prognosis.The factors of pathogenesis elucidated in recent years include immune injury caused by HIV,EB virus infection and genetic changes.There are four pathological types of ARL,including diffuse large B cell lymphoma,Burkitt lymphoma,plasmablastic lymphoma and primary effusion lymphoma.Morphological characteristics,immunophenotype markers and clinical data should be combined to make diagnosis and differen-tial diagnosis,which will facilitate timely treatment and improve prognosis.

AIM:To investigate the effects of different lighting on the reproductive system in depressive female rats.METHODS:Healthy adult female rats were randomly chosen as control group , and the depressive adult female rats in SPF grade were randomly divided into 5 groups (7 rats each):depressive model group, sulfur lamp group, heat radia-tion lamp group , fluorescent lamp group and LED lamp group .After 45 d of continuous illumination , the estrous cycle was observed by the vaginal exfoliated cells , and the organ indexes of ovary and uterus were calculated .The concentrations of estiadrol (E2), prolactin (PRL), progesterone (PROG) and testosterone (T) in the serum were detected by ELISA, and the histopathological lesion of ovary was observed under microscope with HE staining .RESULTS:The estrous cycle exhib-ited serious disorder , the ovaries exhibited serious congestion , and the organ indexes of ovary and uterus and the concentra-tions of E2 , PRL, PROG and T decreased significantly in the rats in depressive model group compared with control group (P<0.05).The estrous cycle and histopathological damage of ovary were obviously improved , and the concentrations of E2 , PRL, PROG and T were significantly increased after the sulfur lamp lighting in the depressive female rats compared with depressive model group .No obvious change and improvement of the reproductive functions in the heat radiation lamp group, fluorescent lamp group and LED lamp group was observed .CONCLUSION:The reproductive functions of depres-sive female rats are improved by sulfur lamp lighting .